The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

There's a word in SpanishItalian and GermanIn sign language, morse code, semaphore and gibberish . . .

Elvis Costello

If you want to go fast, go alone.

If you want to go far, go together.

Integrated Design Process

Arc

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ME

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Str

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G.C

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The 10 Decathlon Contests

1. Architecture 200 pts2. Engineering 150 pts3. Market Viability 150

pts4. Communications 100

pts5. Comfort Zone 100 pts6. Appliances 100 pts7. Hot Water 100 pts8. Lighting 100 pts9. Energy Balance 100

pts10. Getting Around 100

pts

Client

BuilderDesign Lead

Struct. Eng.

Waste Sp.

Structural Sub.

Energy Modeler

Planner

Landscape Arch.

Mech Sub.

Habitat Sp.

M.E.P. Eng.

Civil Sub.

Millwork

Finish Subs.

Electrical Sub.

Commissioning AgentAnd so on . . .

Composite Master Builder

Change begins with information.

Anita Roddick

You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new reality that makes the existing reality obsolete.

R. Buckminster Fuller

Boston, MA

Pop. 589,181

Boston, MA 3-meter sea level rise

Pop. 589,181

Source: Architecture 2030 and Google

Fossil Fuel Resources & CO2 Emissions Source: Adapted from J. Hansen et al.: Dangerous Human-made Interference with Climate, 2007

20% all buildings over 7 years

10 days

30 days

$500,000,000

300,000

Maryland Statistics

34 MM tons CO2 emissions

95% national average of lbs/MWh generated

40 states have lower average retail price for residential customers on a cents/kWh basis

39 states have lower retail price across all sectors (residential, commercial, industrial)

61%

6%

2%

1%

30%

0%

0%

Coal Oil Gas BiomassNuclear Wind Solar

Maryland Generation Resource Mix

Source: Leonardo-energy.org

Source: nwcommunityenergy.org

Source: Architecture 2030.org

Sokolow and Pacala, Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University

http://www.princeton.edu/~cmi/resources/CMI_Resources_new_files/CMI_Stab_Wedges_Movie.swf

Energy Efficiency & Conservation (4)

CO2 Capture & Storage (3)

Stabilization Triangle

Renewable Fuels& Electricity (4)

Forest and Soil Storage (2)

Fuel Switching(1)

15 Wedge Strategies in 4 Categories

2007 2057

8 GtC/y

16 GtC/y

TriangleStabilization

Nuclear Fission (1)

Double the fuel efficiency of the world’s cars or halve miles traveled Produce today’s electric capacity

with double today’s efficiency

Use best efficiency practices in all residential and commercial buildings

Replacing all the world’s incandescent bulbs with CFL’s would provide 1/4 of one wedge

There are about 600 million cars today, with 2 billion projected for 2055

Average coal plant efficiency is 32% today

Photos courtesy of Ford Motor Co., DOE, EPA

Efficiency

Install 1 million 2 MW windmills to replace coal-based electricity,

OR

Use 2 million windmills to produce hydrogen fuel

Photo courtesy of DOE A wedge worth of wind electricity will require increasing current capacity by a factor of 30

Wind Electricity

Photos courtesy of DOE Photovoltaics Program

Install 20,000 square kilometers for dedicated use by 2054

A wedge of solar electricity would mean increasing current capacity 700 times

Solar Electricity

Source: Architecture 2030.org

Area Lighting16.4%

Task Lighting

3.0%Plug Loads

15.2%

Pumps11.3%

Fans8.7%

Gas Heat15.8%

Gas DHW0.2%

Tower1.2%

DX Cooling28.4%

ASHRAE 90.1-1999 ModelTotal Cost: $131,902/ yr

Normalized Cost: $1.889/ sf/ yr

Gas Heat9.9%

Plug Loads16.3%

Task Lighting

3.2%Area

Lighting15.2%

DX Cooling20.5%

Savings21.9%

Gas DHW0.2%

Pumps7.1%Fans

5.4%

Tower0.3%

As-Designed ModelTotal Cost: $102,988/ yr

Normalized Cost: $1.475/ sf/ yr

Sustainable Development

To be sustained Nature: earth,

biodiversity, ecosystems

Life support: ecosystem services, resources, environment

Community: cultures, groups, places

To be developed People: child

survival, life expectancy, education, equity, equal opportunity

Economy: wealth, productive sectors, consumption

Society: institutions, social capital, states, regions

T.E.Graedel, 2002

EconomyEconomyAttract capital Increase tax baseCreate jobs

BiosphereBiosphereNatural Capital:Clean air, clean water, soil, pollination

SocietySocietyHealthCulture & historySocial equity

The Three P’s: Planet, Prosperity, People

Capacity of Living Systems

Margin for Action

Population and demand

Hitting the Wall of the Funnel

?• Habitat disruption• Endangered species• Human health risks• Resource shortages• Social disruption• Government regulations• Higher prices• Climate change

RestorationNon-sustainable activities

Effects:

Nature’s Operating System

From William McDonough and Paul Hawken

Waste = food

eliminate the concept of waste

Use current solar income

green plants can do it, we can too

Respect diversity

value nature’s services – live off interest, not capital

Gabrielli Design Studio, LLC

We have exactly enough time. . .starting now.

Donella Meadows