SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING TO RUN VAPOUR C...
Transcript of SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING TO RUN VAPOUR C...
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING TO RUN
VAPOUR ABSORPTION CHILLERS
(VAC)
Deepak Gadhia
- Trustee, Muni Seva Ashram (MSA), (www.greenashram.org)
- Director, MSA Renewtech Foundation a Section 25 Companyemail: [email protected], [email protected]
- With acknowledgement to Dr Sagar Agravat of GERMI and Utham Ganesh, Intern
IMPORTANCE OF AIR-CONDITIONING
- Demand for Air-conditioning and dehumidification is increasing world-wide due to increasing comfort expectations.
- Besides Comfort cooling often it is and was need due to equipment's needing cool air ( IT Industry, Clean-rooms in working place and Hospitals etc
Problems Associated with Air-conditioning
- Energy Consumption is high
- Causes High Electricity Peak Load
- In geenral refrigerants were causing and had global warming potential
CATEGORIES' OF SOLAR COOLING
A) ELECTRICITY DRIVEN WITH PV (OR GRID)
B) SOLAR THERMAL INVOLVES SOLAR SYSTEM
GENERATING HEAT TO DO THERMAL COMPRESSION
Active cooling
Use PV panel to generate electricity for driving a conventional
air conditioner
Use solar thermal collectors to provide thermal energy for driving a
thermally driven chiller
Passive cooling
Solar thermal ventilation
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
Solar cooling benefits from a better time match
between supply and demand of cooling load
1 "Renewable Energy Essentials: Solar Heating and Cooling," International Energy Agency, 2009. 2 B.W. Koldehoff and D. Görisried, "Solar Thermal & Solar Cooling in Germany," Management.
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LIMITATING FACTORS IN USING SOLAR ENERGY
Geographical aspects
- Space availability
-Solar Radiation
Financial aspects
- economic viability- payback/IRR
Low energy density
Solar radiation has a low energy density relative to other
common energy sources
Unstable energy supply
Solar Energy supply is restricted by time and
geographical location
Easily influenced by weather condition
GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS
SOLAR INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS HEAT
India uses 100 million tons of oil annually
40% of this oil consumption is in industry 60-70% of industrial energy use is in thermal form 70% of industrial thermal energy use is in the range below 250 deg C
15 to 20% of total energy use i.e. 15 million tons of oil is used in industry below 250 deg C
30% of this requirement can be met through Solar Thermal Concentrators, leading to savings of about 4.5 millions tons of furnace oil or LDO or Diesel per year
CATEGORIZATION OF SOLAR AIR-CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES
ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR COOLING TECHNOLOGIES
Technology
Benefits Mature technology,
Constant output
Lower driving temperature
requirement (temperatures
in range of 60°C-80°C
are sufficient)
Direct humidity treatment
and can be integrated with
an existing heating, lower
temperature requirement
(50°C-75°C) and
ventilation system.
Drawbacks
Higher temperature
collectors required (operate
with temperatures of 90°C
for single effect cycle to
150°C for double effect
cycle)
Lower COP. typically
heavier and expensive
because high surface area is
required for sorbent.
Sensible cooling best
handled by second
device. and requires higher
maintenance (due to
rotating wheel).
Ideal application Radiant Cooling Radiant Cooling Humid environments, High
volume of fresh air
Absorption chillers Adsorption chillers Desiccant chillers
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
Henning, H. “Solar assisted air conditioning of buildings – an overview.” Applied Thermal Engineering 27, no. 10 (July 2007): 1734-1749.
COPthermal of different type of chiller
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
Basic type of solar thermal chiller
Absorption cooling-LiBr+H2O
Adsorption cooling-silica gel+H2O
DEC, Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Open cycle
Closed cycle
"Solar Assisted Cooling – State of the Art –,“ESTIF, 2006.
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
A. Napolitano, "Review on existing solar assisted heating and cooling installations," 28.04.2010 – Workshop Århus, Denmark ABSORPTION, 2010.
WORKING OF
VAPOR ABSORPTION CHILLERS
Like the compressor in Electrical vapor compression, the absorption system uses its thermal compressor ( consisting of generator, absorber, pump and heat exchanger) to boil water vapor ( refrigerant) out of Li-Br/Water Solution and compress the refrigerant to higher pressure. Increasing refrigerant pressure increases condensing temperature. The refrigerant vapor condenses to liquid at this high pressure and temperature.
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
COPthermal=QC/Qg
COPelect=QC/We
Conventional compression cooling Adsorption/absorption cooling
high pressure vapor
expansion
valve
We
QC
QL
condenser
compressor
evaporator low pressure vapor
Qa
We
QL
desorption
absorption
(switch)
Qg
expansion
valve
condenser
evaporator QC
high pressure vapor
low pressure vapor
COPelect=QC/We
ABSORPTION COOLING
Absorbent Refrigerant
LiBr H2O
H2O
NH3
Solar Thermal Cooling Single Effect Evaporator at low temp with hot water
Active cooling
Use solar thermal collectors to provide thermal energy
for driving thermally driven chillers.
Heat source
Cooling distribution
Cooling tower
Chiller
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
DOUBLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR WITH HOT TEMP
STEAM/ PRESSURIZED HOT WATER
TYPICAL SOLAR COOLING COST BREAKDOWN
SOLAR THERMAL COOLING
Passive Cooling (solar ventilation, solar chimney)
A way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings
by using convection of air heated by passive solar
energy.
Direct gain warms air inside the chimney causing it to
rise out the top and drawing air in from the bottom.
SOLAR INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS HEAT
India uses 100 million tons of oil annually
40% of this oil consumption is in industry 60-70% of industrial energy use is in thermal form 70% of industrial thermal energy use is in the range below 250 deg C
15 to 20% of total energy use i.e. 15 million tons of oil is used in industry below 250 deg C
30% of this requirement can be met through Solar Thermal Concentrators, leading to savings of about 4.5 millions tons of furnace oil or LDO or Diesel per year
SOLAR FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS
Solar Box Cooker
SK-14 SOLAR COOKER
INDOOR SOLAR COOKER
INDOOR SOLAR COOKER
Cooking at Night with stored
Solar Energy
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR STEAM
COOKING SYSTEM (PAIR MODE)
SOLAR COOKING VESSELS STEAM DIRECT INJECTION, JACKETED FOR STEAM/ THERMIC FLUID
DIFFERENT TYPE OF SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS
AVAILABLE IN INDIA
For Single Effect Evaporator System that requires low temperatures
- Flat Plate Collectors
- Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC)
- For Double and triple Effect Evaporator Systems that require higher temperatures
- ( Solar concentrating Systems
- - Scheffler Concentrators/ dish Concentrators ( MWS, Arun
- Parabolic Trough Systems
- Linear Fresnel System
- Heliostat
CSP TECHNOLOGIES
PARABOLIC TROUGH CONCENTRATOR
( LINEAR FOCUS)
LINEAR FRESENEL REFLECTOR (LFR)
GROWTH OF CSP ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION (TWH/Y)
Schematic Solar Steam Cooking System
2 REFLECTOR FOCUS ON 1 RECEIVER
receiver
header pipe
Working Principle of Solar Steam System
SCHEFFLER BASED SYSTEM – PROTOTYPE AT
SOLAR ENERGY CENTER OF MNRE
SCHFLLER CONCENTRATOR BASED SYSTEMS
IN OPERATION AT MUNI SEVA ASHRAM
60 M2 SCHEFFLER DISH FOR
POWER GENERATION AT BRAHMA KUMARI’S, ABU
NEW DEVELOPMENT
LARGE
SOLAR CONCENTRATORS
1/14/20
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SOLAR CONCENTRATORS FOR THERMAL
(MWS) APPLICATION FOR PROCESS HEATING
IN RUBBER INDUSTRIES
1/14/20
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ARUN DISH- 160 M2 FRESNEL DISH
FOR MILK PASTEURIZATION AT LATUR
“ENERSUN” LFR SYSTEM
CASE STUDY OF 100 TR SOLAR AC SYSTEM
AT MSA WITH100 SCHEFFLER DIHES OF
12.5 M2 EACH, GENERATES 400 KG/HR STEAM AT 8 KG/ CM2
WOOD FIRED STEAM GENERATED IN BOILER REPLACED WITH SOLAR STEAM
SOLAR AIR CONDITIONING/ CHILLING
CHILLED WATER PIPED TO HOSTPITAL FOR AIR-CONDITIONING
95,000 LITER CHILLED WATER STORAGE TANK
System design-
To generate 400 kg/hr steam at 8 kg/cm2
Financing Total Project Cost : Rs 133 Lacs
Muni Seva Ashram : : Rs 77.5 Lacs
Ministry of Non-Conventional
Energy Sources (MNES): : Rs 55 Lacs
Pay back of investments for MSA: 6.5 years assuming cost of wood to
remain same which is not the case and
payback around 4 years If diesel is replaced and even less if electricity fired
boilers
Economics
Saving : 1000 kgs wood per day x Rs 4 = Rs 4000 per day X 300 days = Rs 12 Lacs
per year
Dr Vikram Patel, Chairperson
PET Scan
Solar Chemo OT
Muni Seva Ashram
Green Ashram
Mission:
To serve the deficient and needy sections of the society,
employing the best available appropriate technologies
and in complete harmony with the nature.
MISSION, HISTORY
MSA- A GREEN ASHRAM A REPLICABLE PROJECT FOR
PUARA
( PROVIDING URBAN AMENITIES FOR RURAL AREAS)
OF DR ABDUL KALAM
RECEIVING “SPIRIT OF HUMANITY AWARD 2012
FROM AMERICARES FOR MUNI SEVA ASHRAM WORK
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Eco Center ICNEER, at Muni Seva Ashram, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, Phone +91 9998622288 / 9825117353
Email: [email protected] www.greenashram.org
Eco Center Icneer is a Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) registered in the State of Gujarat as a Service Society and Charitable Trust, Reg. No. : F/392 Valsad, Dtd 26. Sept 1996.