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Transcript of SoilsNEW
Soil Testing
4
23 In-Situ Sampling and Preparation 23 Moisture Content24 Soil Index Properties24 Particle Size Distribution24 Compaction and CBR25 Consolidation25 Permeability25 Soil Strength (Triaxial)26 Pressure Systems 26 Direct Shear and Vane Tests 27 Electronic Instrumentation29 Bearing Capacity29 In-Situ Density
ELE has been at the forefront of soils testing technology for around 50 years and has worked closely with customers and independent Standards organisations to develop and prove testing procedures that are now recognised both nationally and internationally.
Our soils testing equipment is used every day by universities, laboratories and site engineers around the world, providing accurate, consistent and reliable data, which can be gathered quickly and simply using tried and tested methods.
Our test instruments and systems are designed to be easy to set up and use, offering many years of trouble-free operation. In addition, they are supported by our global network of wholly owned sales centres and experienced distributors, providing lifetime service and support.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
5
23 Soil Testing - In-situ Sampling and Preparation
23 In-Situ Sampling and Preparation 23 Moisture Content24 Soil Index Properties24 Particle Size Distribution24 Compaction and CBR25 Consolidation25 Permeability25 Soil Strength (Triaxial)26 Pressure Systems 26 Direct Shear and Vane Tests 27 Electronic Instrumentation29 Bearing Capacity29 In-Situ Density
In-situ Sampling and Preparation
The correct sampling, description and preparation of soil and soil mixtures is necessary if subsequent tests are to be meaningful and provide representative results. Various national and international Standards specify a range of procedures and equipment necessary to ensure representative sampling. With the use of simple hand tools, it is often possible to obtain detailed information regarding the sub-surface structure and hence the likely engineering characteristics of the area under investigation.
Soil Colour Charts
u Nine constant hue charts displaying 322 coloursu Apertures cut between adjacent colours for easy viewing of sample against colour u Charts held in pocket-sized loose-leaf binder A standard identification of colour is an essential component of a soil-profile description. Soil colour charts are widely used by civil engineers, agronomists, soil scientists, geologists and archaeologists as a means of providing a standard colour reference.
Ordering Information
EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts. The set consists of nine constant hue charts on a neutral gray chart stock. Included in the set is a Gley Colour Chart for submerged soils. This displays 28 matt colour chips, weak cromas and neutrals on value level 4 to 9 for hues, 5GY, 5G, 5BG and 5B. Weight 910 g.
Sample Mixers
A regular laboratory requirement is the mixing of samples with water and/or other constituents to provide a homogeneous mixture prior to subsequent testing. The following range of mixers provide an efficient means of mixing samples. Bench-mounting Mixer 5 litre nominal capacityBS 598-107, 1377-1, 1924-1
The mixer has two electrically switched mixing speeds which obviates the need to switch off during speed selection. The mixing head comprises a beater which contra-rotates about a central shaft using planetary gearing. A lever-acting lifting device facilitates the insertion and removal of the bowl.
This mixer is suitable for the mixing of soil samples, mortar, bituminous mixtures and associated materials where comparatively small samples are being prepared. Supplied with stainless steel bowl, beater and whisk.
Specification
Dimensions (l x w x h) 545 x 380 x 550 mm
Speeds (rpm)LowHigh
Beater 140285
Central shaft 62125
Rated power 500 W
Weight 50 kg
Ordering Information
EL23-6191/01 Bench-mounting Mixer, 5 litre nominal capacity. For 220 - 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
Accessory for EL23-6191/015 litre Isomantle see EL45-5580/01
Spare EL23-6191/10 Stainless steel bowl
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL23-7100 Soil Colour Charts
EL23-6191/01 Bench-mounting Mixer
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23 Soil Testing - In-situ Sampling and Preparation
Hand Boring and Sampling
The items listed provide the engineer with an economic range of equipment for field survey work. Using this equipment it is possible to obtain disturbed or undisturbed samples at reasonable depths, subject to ground conditions. Most items may be inter-connected.
Soil and Gravel Auger Heads
These auger heads are suitable for boring in cohesive soils or sands and gravels. The soil augers are constructed of heavy duty steel plates forming an open tube partly interlocked at the cutting end. Gravel augers comprise a one piece steel casting with a spiral point and two plates designed to close when lifting samples from the borehole. The Dutch Auger is of similar construction to the Soil Augers and is particularly useful in very fine silt-clay sands.
Ordering Information
Suitability Model no. Description Weight
Cohesive soils
EL23-1501
EL23-1504
Soil Auger Head, 100 mm diameter
Soil Auger Head,150 mm diameter
1.5 kg
2.5 kg
Gravel and Sand
EL23-1517 Gravel Auger Head,150 mm
1.2 kg
Fine Silty Sand
EL23-1525 Dutch Soil Auger Head, 50 mm
1.5 kg
Extension Rods, Handles and Tools
Ordering Information
Model no. Description Weight
EL23-1541 Extension Rod with tube connector, constructed of steel tubing approximately 1 metre long
1.7 kg
EL23-1543 Stillson Wrench size 14, for usewith EL23-1541. Two required
1.2 kg
EL23-1547 Handle and T-piece 2.0 kg
EL23-1587 Jarring Link, for driving sample tubes
4.0 kg
EL23-1617 Spiral Auger, 40 mm diameter x 200 mm long with rod and T-piece attached. Overall nominal length 1250 mm
1.5 kg
Sample Tube
Supplied without Adaptor but with two end caps.
Model Internal
number
Tube length
diameter
Adaptor
EL23-1577 38 mm 230 mm EL23-1579
Hand Boring and Sampling Equipment
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23 Soil Testing - In-situ Sampling and Preparation
Riffle Boxes (Sample Dividers) BS 1377, 1924, 812; EN 932-1
Designed for the rapid preparation of samples, the ELE range of riffle boxes are constructed of heavy gauge sheet metal, with particular attention given to reinforcement of the partitions to maintain the accuracy of the slot dimensions.
The units offered are supplied in a range of sizes from 7 mm to 64 mm slots.
Ordering Information
Large Sample Splitter
This splitter is designed for the reduction of test samples which are too large in volume to be conveniently handled. It divides samples so that half is representative of the original total sample and handles material up to 6 inches in particle size.
The lever-actuated unit is constructed of heavy gauge welded steel with a hopper which holds up to 1 ft3.The single splitter chute provides wide flexibility in sizes of opening and adjustment is provided for chutes of 0.5,1.5, 2, 3, 4 or 6 inch by positioning of the chute bars. Overall height approximately is 1 metre. Hopper size 735 mm long x 480 mm wide (approx).
Ordering Information
EL23-3425 Large Sample Splitter complete with 2 material pans and a bag-loading chute. Weight 61.5 kg.
Sample Reduction
The reduction of particles within the soil mass is necessary for a number of tests. For most purposes crushing of individual particles must be avoided. This reduction process is best achieved using a porcelain mortar and rubber headed pestle.
Ordering Information
EL23-3500 Rubber Headed Pestle specially made for gently grinding soils without breaking the individual particles. Suitable for BS 1377, 1924; ASTM D421; AASHTO T87. Weight 120 g.
EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle porcelain.
Model no. Recommended
max particle
size - mm
(BS) (EN)
Slot
width
mm
No.
of
slots
Approx
capacity
kg
Weight
kg
EL23-3000 4.5 3.5 7 12 0.3 1.5
EL23-3050 8.5 6.5 13 12 2.0 6.0
EL23-3070 10.0 7.5 15 12 2.0 8.0
EL23-3100 12.5 9.5 19 10 4.0 9.0
EL23-3150 16.5 12.5 25 10 4.0 11.5
EL23-3170 20.0 15 30 10 4.0 17.5
EL23-3200 25.0 19 38 8 11.0 17.5
EL23-3300 33.0 25 50 8 14.0 22.5
EL23-3350 42.5 32 64 8 18.0 27.0
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL23-3505 Mortar and Pestle
Selection of Riffle Boxes
EL23-3425 Large Sample Splitter
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23 Soil Testing - In-situ Sampling and Preparation
Extruders and Soil LathesBS 1377-1
The removal of soil cores from sampling tubes must be accomplished with the minimum of disturbance, particularly when small specimens have to be prepared in order to carry out laboratory tests. Large extrusion forces used indiscriminately will compress soil resulting in false values of shear strength and consolidation.
38 mm Hand-operated Extruder
This Sample Extruder comprises a vertically mounted lever action hydraulic jack, with the body extended to form a chamber which accommodates a 38 mm diameter sample tube. Supplied complete with trimming knife, 38 mm split former and wire saw.
Ordering Information
EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder
Proctor/CBR/Marshall/Core Cutter Extruders
Two extruders comprising a frame and hydraulic jack supplied with adaptor plates to enable a range of sample extrusion from all ELE moulds indicated in the table.
Model no. Extrudes samples from
EL23-4200 Proctor/Core Cutter Extruder
EL24-9000EL24-9060 EL29-5300 EL45-6310
BS Compaction mouldProctor Mould 100 mm Core CutterMarshall Mould
EL23-4250 CBR/Extruder
EL24-9198 EL24-9228
BS CBR Mould ASTM CBR Mould
Accessories
EL23-4300 Adaptor Set for use with EL23-4250. Comprising an adaptor plate, retaining screws and a nominal 100 mm ram plunger. Enables extrusion from all ELE 100 mm moulds and core cutters listed in the table. Weight 2.2 kg.
Hand-operated Soil Lathes
Ordering Information
EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe for producing 38 mm diameter specimens. The lathe platen is adjustable in height and will accept specimens up to 100 mm in length.
Accessories
Trimming Knife see EL81-0710
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
EL23-4090 38 mm Hydraulic Extruder EL23-5800 Hand-operated Soil Lathe
9
Moisture Content
Rapid Method by Speedy Moisture TesterBS 812; ASTM D4944; AASHTO T217
u Reliable and accurate moisture measurement in the field u Direct reading in percent moisture u Rapid results in minutesu New versions with heavy duty plastic carrying case and portable electronic balance
The new range of Speedy Moisture testers now includes an electronic balance and a heavy duty plastic case.
Designed for the most demanding on-site conditions, the new waterproof and durable case offers high levels of protection. The new model comprises: Speedy Moisture tester, electronic balance, beaker, cleaning cloth, cap, washer, scoop, steel pulverising balls, and cleaning brushes.
Used to weigh a sample before placing it in the Speedy Moisture Tester, the portable battery powered balance includes LCD display with a measuring range 0 – 200 g x 0.1 g. The % moisture content of the sample is read directly from the calibrated pressure gauge.
Ordering Information
Specifications
Model no. EL23-7452 EL23-7462 EL23-7502
Model ‘D2’ Large ‘G2’ Large ‘D2’ Small
Moisture range 0 to 20% 0 to 50% 0 to 20%
Gauge divisions 0.2% 0.5% 0.2%
Sample weight 20 g 8 g 6 g
Weight complete 8.4 kg 7.5 kg 5.5 kg
Speedy Moisture Testers are supplied without Reagent (Calcium Carbide) which should be ordered separately.
Accessories
EL23-7700 Calcium Carbide Powder supplied in 500 g container.
EL23-7702 Calcium Carbide Powder. Pack of 12 x 500 g containers.
Important: Calcium Carbide is a hazardous substance.
Attention is drawn to the limitations imposed on the form of transportation. Only in special circumstances can Calcium Carbide be transported by air.
EL23-7600 Speedy Calibration Kit. A self-contained unit designed to enable an operator to check the accuracy of the Speedy Moisture Tester. The unit comprises a master dial, integral air pump, control connections and tools for checking gauge accuracy and pressure leaks, with instructions for simple re-calibrations.
The standard method for determining the moisture content of soil is the Oven Drying Method, which is recommended for a Soils Laboratory. Details on suitable drying and weighing equipment are included in Section 78: Drying and Weighing.
23 Soil Testing - Moisture Content
EL23-7452 Speedy Moisture Tester D2 Large
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
10
24 Soil Testing - Soil Index Properties
Soil Index Properties
Soil index properties are used extensively by engineers to discriminate between the different kinds of soil within a broad category, e.g. clay will exhibit a wide range of engineering properties depending upon its composition. Classification tests to determine index properties will provide engineers with valuable information when the results are compared against empirical data relative to the index properties determined.
Determination of Liquid Limit
The condition of a soil can be altered by changing the moisture content. The liquid limit is the empirically established moisture content at which a soil passes from the plastic to the liquid state. A knowledge of the liquid limit allows the engineer to correlate several engineering properties with the soil. Two main types of test are used. The Casagrande type (Cup), which has been used for many years, and the cone penetrometer method, which is now the definitive method specified in BS 1377.
Casagrande Method
u Satisfies International Standards u Motorised version with integral blow counter available
Particular design features of the instrument include a positive action horizontal lead screw, which is rapidly adjustable and rigidly fixes the height of cup in relation to the base during the test procedure. The cam mechanism and cup suspension assembly have been designed to withstand constant use with minimum readjustment.
Ordering Information CASAgrANDE METHOD BS 1377, EN 1997-2
EL24-0410 Hand operated Liquid Limit Device BS with revolution counter. Complete with metal grooving tool and test gauge. Weight 5 kg.
EL24-0417/01 Motorised Liquid Limit Device complete with revolution counter and motor. Weight 8.5 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
Accessories
EL24-0425 Grooving Tool and Gauge. Weight 145 g.
EL24-0430 Glass Plate 500 mm square x 10 mm thick. Weight 145 g.
CASAgrANDE METHOD ASTM D4318; AASHTO T89
EL24-0434 Liquid Limit Device complete with revolution counter. Supplied less grooving tool. Weight 3.0 kg.
Accessories
EL24-0461 AASHTO Casagrande Grooving Tool. Weight 85 g.
EL24-0453 ASTM Metal Grooving Tool. Weight 100 g.
Liquid Limit Device with accessories
Phases of Soil and the Atterburg Limits
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
11
24 Soil Testing - Soil Index Properties
Cone Penetrometer MethodBS 1377, 1924-2, EN 1997-2
u Reduces operator erroru Applicable to a wide range of soils u Gives reproducible test resultsu Provides direct measurement of penetration
The method is fundamentally more satisfactory than the Casagrande method as it is essentially a static test depending on the soil shear strength. The test is based on the relationship between moisture content and the penetration of a cone into the soil sample under controlled conditions.
Specification
Dial Indicator 150 mm diameter graduated in 400
x 0.1 mm divisions, indicator point
incorporates friction/gear system
Height adjustment Rapid, using integral clamping mechanism
Cone release Manual
Cone 1 x 30º, 35 mm test cone included
Base Cast aluminium, adjustable levelling feet
Weight 6 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-0540 Cone Penetrometer
Accessories
EL24-0546 Test Gauge for checking the condition of the Cone Point. Weight 30 g. EL24-0548 Penetration Test Cup. 55 mm diameter by 40 mm deep, with the rim parallel to the flat base. Weight 100 g.
Spares
EL24-0544 Penetration Test Cone. Stainless steel, 35 mm long with smooth surface at an angle of 30º. Weight 100 g.
Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer
Ordering Information
EL24-0545/01 Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer. Specification same as EL24-0540 but incorporates Digital Automatic controller, which releases the plunger head and ensures free falling of the penetration device during the test. The time set is displayed by a bright easy to read display. Weight 8.6 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Determination of Plastic Limit BS 1377, 1924-2, EN 1997-2; ASTM D4318; AASHTO T90
The plastic limit is defined as the lowest moisture content of a soil that will permit a sample to be rolled into threads of 3 mm diameter without the threads breaking.
The test procedure has remained, in principle, the same since 1932, when Casagrande proposed to define the various limits by relating the moisture content characteristics of soil under certain conditions. The apparatus required is simple yet effective.
The majority of the apparatus required for this test is standard laboratory equipment. For full details see the Laboratory equipment section of the catalogue.
Ordering Information
EL24-0811 Rod Comparator
Spatula see Laboratory Equipment Section 78.
Glass Plate see EL24-0430
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
Penetration Test Cone and Test Gauge EL24-0545/01 Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer
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24 Soil Testing - Soil Index Properties
Determination of Shrinkage Characteristics
When the water content of a fine-grained soil is reduced below the plastic limit, shrinkage of the soil mass continues until the shrinkage limit is reached. Shrinkage can be significant in clays but less so in silts and sands.
The equipment listed below enables the engineer to determine a number of important parameters, including shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage and linear shrinkage.
Volumetric ShrinkageBS 1377; ASTM D427; AASHTO T92
This method of test covers the determination of the shrinkage limit, shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage and linear shrinkage.
Ordering Information
EL24-1500 Prong Plate. Made of acrylic plastic fitted with three prongs, nominal 76 mm square and 2.4 mm thick. Weight 30 g.
EL24-1550 Shrinkage Dish. Nominal 42 mm diameter x 12 mm deep. Weight 60 g.
EL24-1600 Glass Cup. Nominal 70 mm diameter x 50 mm deep. Weight 40g.
Accessories
Measuring Cylinder see Laboratory Equipment Section.
Evaporating Dish see Laboratory Equipment Section.
Linear ShrinkageBS 1377
This test covers the determination of linear shrinkage of soils and indicates the plastic properties of soils with a low clay content.
Ordering Information
EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould. To produce a specimen 140 mm long x 12.5 mm radius. Weight 300 g.
Accessories
Vernier Calipers see Laboratory Equipment Section.
Volumetric Shrinkage with Prong Plate, Dish and Glass Cup
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
EL24-1800 Shrinkage Mould
13
24 Soil Testing - Soil Index Properties
Determination of Density, Particle Density and Specific Gravity
The term density refers to mass per unit volume. The density of a mass of soil is of interest to the engineer for a variety of reasons including the design of earthworks and foundations and in slope stability analysis.
Particle density or specific gravity is a measure of the actual particles which make up the soil mass and is defined as the ratio of the mass of the particles to the mass of the water they displace. A knowledge of the particle density is essential in relation to other soil tests. It is used when calculating porosity and voids ratio and is particularly important when compaction and consolidation properties are being investigated. The majority of apparatus used for the various tests is general laboratory equipment.
Gas Jar Method BS 1377, EN 1997-2
This method is suitable for soils containing up to 10% of particles retained on a 37.5 mm BS sieve.
Ordering Information
EL24-2830 Gas Jar. 1 litre capacity complete with rubber bung and glass cover. Weight 1.4 kg.
EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker fitted with friction safety device, capable of rotating two EL24-2830 Gas Jars at approximately 50 rpm to satisfy BS 1377. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Particle Density: Pyknometer Methods BS 1377, 812-2, EN 1097-7, EN 1997-2; ASTM D 854; AASHTO T 100
These methods are generally suitable for fine-grained soils. The larger pycnometers are not usually suitable for clay soils.
Ordering Information
EL24-2885 Pyknometer. Glass jar complete with non-corrodible cone. Capacity 1 kg.
EL24-2890 Density Bottle 25 ml (Nominal capacity). Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Conforms to BS 733 and ISO 3507. Gay-Lussac type.
EL24-2900 Density Bottle 50 ml (Nominal capacity). Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Conforms to BS 733, and ISO 3507. Gay-Lussac type.
EL24-2950 Density Bottle 100 ml (Nominal capacity). Supplied complete with capillary vent stopper. Gay-Lussac type.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL24-2854/01 Mechanical End-over-End Shaker
Density Bottles
EL24-2885 Pyknometer
14
24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distribution
Particle Size Distribution andSand Equivalent Value
The analysis of soils by particle size provides a useful engineering classification system from which a considerable amount of empirical data can be obtained.
Two separate and different procedures are used. Sieving is used for gravel and sand size particles and sedimentation procedures are used for the finer soils.
For soil containing a range of coarse and fine particles it is usual to employ a composite test of sieving and sedimentation procedures.
The Sand Equivalent Test serves as a rapid field test to show the relative proportions of clay-like or plastic fines and dusts in granular soils and fine aggregates.
Constant Temperature Bath
Specially designed for the sedimentation testing of soils and other fine grained material, the bath is supplied with a false bottom to assist in circulation of the bath liquid. Will accommodate six Sedimentation Cylinders.
Specification
Dimensions(l x w x h)
535 x 210 x 610 mm external
Capacity Holds up to 6 sedimentation cylinders
Construction Stainless steel with toughened glass front
Temperature control
Heater/Thermostat/Circulation with Digital Controller Unit
Power 1500 Watts
Weight 12 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 - 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
EL24-4865/01 Constant Temperature Bath
15
24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distibution
Sedimentation by the Hydrometer Method BS 1377; ASTM D422; AASHTO T88
This method determines particle size distribution in a soil from the coarse sand size down to clay size (about 2 µm). The test does not require the weighing accuracy necessary for pipette sedimentation and is suitable for use in site laboratories.
Mechanical Analysis Stirrer ASTM D422; AASHTO T88
This compact, bench-top stirrer is used for dispersing soil samples in water for hydrometer analysis. The stirrer is supplied complete with Mixing Paddle and Dispersion Cup. Weight 4 kg.
Ordering Information
EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.
Accessories
EL24-4145 Sodium Hexametaphosphate, 500 g Constant Temperature Bath see EL24-4865/01
Spares
EL24-4125/10 Mixing Paddle for EL24-4125/01
EL24-4125/11 Soil Dispersion Cup and Baffle for EL24-4125/01
A comprehensive range of test sieves, sieve shakers and associated equipment are detailed in the Laboratory Equipment section of the catalogue for the determination of particle size distribution by sieving methods.
Soil Hydrometers BS 1377, EN 1997-2; ASTM D422, E100; AASHTO T88
Ordering Information
EL24-4620 Soil Hydrometer BS/EN DD ENV graduated 0.0995 to 1.030 g/ml.
EL24-4640 Soil Hydrometer ASTM/AASHTO (152H) graduated –5 to +60 g/litre.
EL24-4650 Soil Hydrometer ASTM D422. (151H) graduated 0.0995 to 1.038 g/ml.
Hydrometer Sedimentation Cylinder BS 1337; ASTM D422; AASHTO T88
Ordering Information
EL24-4700 Hydrometer Sedimentation Cylinder. 1000 ml capacity complete with rubber bung.
Accessories
EL24-4800 Nomographic Chart for the determination of Stoke’s Law.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
Soil Hydrometers
EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer
16
24 Soil Testing - Particle Size Distribution
Sand Equivalent ValueASTM D2419; AASHTO T176
Set Includes
4 Plastic measuring cylinders1 Carrying case1 Weighted foot assembly1 Irrigator tube1 Rubber tubing complete with pinch clip1 Funnel
Ordering Information
EL24-4919 Sand Equivalent Apparatus ASTM D2419
Accessories
EL24-4925 Syphon Assembly with 5 litre polythene bottle. Supplied without rubber tubing.
EL24-4930 Calcium Chloride 2.5 kg.
EL24-4932 Formaldehyde 40% solution, 2.5 litres.
EL24-4934 Glycerol Analar 2.5 litres.
Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker
Recommended for use in laboratories performing a large number of tests, motorised shakers provide a consistent and repeatable oscillation, minimising variation in test results.
Ordering Information
EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker ASTM Method. Weight 32.0 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1 ph.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
EL24-4125/01 Mechanical Analysis Stirrer
EL24-4945/01 Mechanical Sand Equivalent Shaker
17
24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
Compaction
Many civil engineering projects use soils as fill material, with soil normally being compacted to a dense state to ensure that it has the optimum properties.
Compaction on site is generally achieved by mechanical means such as rolling, ramming or vibrating. Precise control over the level of compaction is essential to achieve best results at reasonable cost, with laboratory compaction tests being used as they provide the basis for control procedures that are subsequently used on site.
Compaction tests typically enable the following criteria to be established:
u The relationship between dry density and moisture content for a given degree of compactive effort.
u The moisture content for the most efficient compaction; that is, at which the maximum dry density is achieved under that compactive effort.
u The value of the maximum dry density achieved. There are several different standard laboratory compaction tests, with the most appropriate in each case being based on the nature of the project, the type of soil and the availability of equipment on site.
Applications of Compaction
Soil used as fill:
u To refill an excavation or voidu To provide made-up ground to support a structureu As a sub-base for a road, railway or airfield runwayu As a structure; e.g. an earth dam
Improvement by compaction
u Higher stability u Higher CBR Valueu Lower compressibiltyu Lower permeabilityu Lower frost susceptibility
Effect on mass of fill
u Greater stabilityu Less settlement u Less deformation u Less water absorptionu Less risk of frost heave
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
18
24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
Compaction Test 2.5 kgBS 1377-4, 1924-2, EN 1997-2
This test method utilises a 2.5 kg hand compaction hammer and a one litre capacity compaction mould.
Often referred to as the ‘Proctor’ test it is suitable for soils containing particles no larger than 20 mm.
The mould and hammer is manufactured from corrosion protected steel components to withstand the heavy usage involved in the test.
Compaction Mould, BS
Specification
Mould volume 1 litre
Dimensions 105 mm dia x 115.4 mm high
Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated
Weight 5.5 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9000 Standard Compaction Mould BS
Compaction Rammer, 2.5 kg, BS
Specification
Rammer 50 mm dia, 2.5 kg
Drop 300 mm
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes
Finish Corrosion resistant
Weight 4.2 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9002 Compaction Rammer 2.5 kg BS
Compaction Test 4.5 kgBS 1377-4, 1924-2, EN 1997-2
This test method utilises a 4.5 kg hand rammer resulting in a heavier compactive effort than the 2.5 kg test method. Compactive energy some 4.5 times greater is applied to the sample using the heavier rammer.
The method is often specified where higher levels of compaction are necessary in a structure, e.g. an airfield sub-base material.
Manufactured from corrosion protected steel components the 4.5 kg rammer is designed to withstand heavy usage involved in the test method.
Compaction Rammer, 4.5 kg, BS
Specification
Rammer 50 mm dia, 4.5 kg
Drop 450 mm
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes
Finish Corrosion resistant
Weight 7.5 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9004 Compaction Rammer 4.5 kg BS
Accessories
EL24-9010 Straight edge, 300 mm. Weight 600 g.
BS Compaction Mould and Rammers
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19
24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
Proctor Compaction MouldASTM D558, D559, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99, T134, T135, T136, T180
Specification
Dimensions 101.6 mm dia x 116.4 mm high
Rammer Mould volume 1/30 ft3
Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated
Weight 5.4 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9060 Proctor Compaction Mould
Proctor Compaction RammerASTM D558, D559, D560, D698; AASHTO T99, T134, T135, T136
Specification
Rammer 2 in dia, 5.5 lb
Drop 12 in
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes
Finish Corrosion resistant
Weight 4.1 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9063 Proctor Compaction Rammer
Accessories
Straight edge, 300 mm see EL24-9010
ASTM Compaction MouldASTM D698, D1557; AASHTO T99, T180
Specification
Dimensions 152.4 mm dia x 116.4 mm high
Rammer Mould volume
1 /13.33 ft3
Construction All steel, threaded studs with wing nuts, plated
Weight 8.2 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould
ASTM Compaction Rammer ASTM D1557; AASHTO T180
Specification
Rammer 2 in diameter, 10 lb
Drop 18 in
Guide sleeve Machined steel tubing with air pressure release holes
Finish Corrosion resistant
Weight 6.3 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9070 ASTM Compaction Rammer
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
Proctor Compaction Mould and Rammer EL24-9066 ASTM Compaction Mould
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24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
The time and effort required to prepare specimens for compaction studies and other test methods can often be costly and time-consuming. The use of an automatic, mechanical compactor will show considerable cost benefits over hand compaction methods. Two models meeting the requirements of BS/EN and ASTM are available.
Automatic Compactor BS1377, EN 1997-2, 1924; ASTM D558, D560, D698, D1557; AASHTO T99,T134,T135,T136,T180
u Pre-set blow pattern ensures even compaction u Solid state controls for reliability and ease of maintenance u Automatic re-setting of counter after completion of blow pattern
These machines automatically compact specimens eliminating the laborious hand compaction method. The height and weight of the rammer are adjustable to suit test requirements. An automatic blow pattern ensures optimum compaction for each layer of soil. The rammer travels across the mould and the table rotates the mould in equal steps on a base that is extremely stable. The number of blows per layer can be set at the beginning of the test.
Specification
Dimensions l x w x h
430 x 240 x 1400 mm
Rammer BS/EN Circular faced, 50 mm dia, adjustable to 2.5 kg or 4.5 kg weight.
ASTM Circular faced, 2 in (50.8 mm) dia, adjustable to 5.5 lb (2.5 kg) or 10 lb (4.5 kg) weight.
Drop BS/EN Adjustable to 300 mm or 450 mm
ASTM Adjustable to 12 in (305 mm) or 18 in (457 mm)
Weight 98 kg
Ordering Information
EL24-9090/01 Automatic Soil Compactor, BS/ENfor 220-240 V AC 50Hz 1ph.
Accessories
Standard Compaction Mould see EL24-9000
BS CBR Mould Body see EL24-9198
BS CBR Extension Collar see EL24-9200
BS CBR Solid Base see EL24-9204
Automatic Compaction of Soils
Ordering Information
EL24-9095 series Automatic Soil Compactor, ASTM
EL24-9095/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph
EL24-9095/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 60 Hz, 1ph
Accessories
Proctor Compaction Mould see EL24-9060
ASTM Compaction Mould see EL24-9066
EL24 9090 series Automatic Soil Compactor with accessory mould
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
21
24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
The California Bearing Ratio test, or CBR test as it is usually termed, is an empirical test first developed in California, USA, for estimating the bearing value of highway sub-bases and sub-grades. The test follows a standardised procedure and there is little difference between BS/EN and ASTM tests. However, there are numerous ways of preparing samples and in this respect American practice differs in detail from British practice.
This test can be performed in the laboratory on prepared samples or on location. It is important to appreciate that this test, being of an empirical nature, is valid only for the application for which it was developed, i.e. the design of highway base thicknesses.
California Bearing Ratio A number of options are available to collect and analyse data with the ELE CBR-Test 50.
1 Mechanical, using standard Load Rings and Penetration Dial Gauges. 2 Electronic, Load Transducers and Displacement Transducers in conjunction with the ELE Electronic Control and Readout Unit supplied with download software. 3 Electronic, using Electronic measuring devices as above in conjunction with the ELE DataSystem that provides full analysis of CBR Test data.
CBR-Test 50 MachineBS 1377, 1924; EN 13286-47; ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193
u Two speed machine (BS/EN and ASTM) u Rapid platen adjustment u Complete with stabilising baru Compact, bench-mounting designu Options for mechanical or electronic measurement
Designed for performing laboratory CBR tests to BS 1377, EN13286-47 and ASTM D1883, this bench mounting machine comprises a twin column frame incorporating a motorised drive system. Two speeds are provided, 1.0 mm/min for BS/EN and 1.27 mm/min for ASTM tests. Rapid adjustment of the platen is provided, which enables daylight to be taken up quickly and also close control of application of a seating load.
Specification
Dimensions l x w x h 550 x 400 x 1220 mm
Maximum vertical clearance
800 mm
Horizontal clearance 255 mm
Platen diameter 133 mm
Platen travel 105 mm
Weight 80 kg
Ordering InformationEL24-9150/01 CBR-Test 50. 50 kN load frame complete with stabilising bar. For 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 1ph
Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09
Spares
EL24-9170 Stabilising Bar
EL24-9160 series CBR-Test 50 with accessories
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
MultiPlex 50 Machines BS598, 1377, 1924; EN 12697-23, 24, 13286-47; ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193
A versatile 50 kN capacity machine for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall and Quick Undrained Triaxial tests.
Ordering Information
MultiPlex 50 see EL25-3700 Electronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09
Force Measurement
A range of load rings will be required depending upon the type of material being tested.
Detailed below is a selected range of load rings that are suitable for differing values of CBR.
Model no. Capacity Value of CBR
EL78-0060 2 kN Up to 8%
EL78-0460 10 kN 8% to 40%
EL78-0760 28 kN Average range of CBR
EL78-0860 50 kN Above 40%
Full details on the range of available load rings are in Section 78, Load Measurement.
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24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
Penetration and Measurement
Ordering Information
EL24-9182 Penetration Piston with 1.935 mm2 (3 in2) area foot of case hardened steel. Designed to fit all ELE load rings. Weight 3.7 kg. EL24-9183 Penetration Piston as EL24-9182 but with a coarse stem adjustment. This piston is particularly useful for in-situ testing.
EL24-9184 Penetration/Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM. 1 in travel x 0.0005 in divisions. Complete with rack extensions and chisel edge anvil. Weight 220 g.
EL24-9186 Penetration Dial Gauge BS. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm divisions. Complete with rack extensions and chisel edge anvil. Weight 220 g.
EL24-9188 Bracket and Adaptor dual purpose mounting bracket for CBR penetration dial gauges. Allows gauge to be fixed to penetration piston or load ring. Weight 300 g.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
EL25-3700 series Multiplex 50 with Accessories
Penetration Piston and Dial Gauge Assembly
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24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
A range of moulds and accessories designed to meet relevant Standards. The equipment is manufactured from high quality materials and with regular maintenance will give years of satisfactory performance.
CBR MouldBS 1377, 1924; EN 13286-4, EN 1997-2
Specification
Mould 152 x 127 mm (inside diameter x height)
Collar 51 mm height, fits both ends of mould
Base plate Solid, fits both ends of mould
Construction All steel, plated
Weight 7.3 kg
Ordering InformationEL24-9198 BS/EN CBR Mould Body
EL24-9200 BS/EN CBR Extension Collar
EL24-9204 BS/EN CBR Solid Base/Top Plate AccessoriesEL24-9202 BS/EN CBR Perforated Base Plateto fit mould body. Weight 1.8 kg.
EL24-9206 CBR Cutting Collar to fit BS/EN mould body. Weight 1.4 kg.
EL24-9208 C-spanner to fit BS/EN CBR moulds and collars. Two required. Weight 1.7 kg each.
EL24-9210 Base Plate Tool to fit into base plate to assist removal from mould body. Weight 700 g.
EL24-9212 Static Compaction Plug. Steel, 150 mm dia x 51 mm thick. Complete with removable handle. Weight 7.3 kg.
EL24-9214 2 kg Annular Surcharge Weight, BS/EN
EL24-9216 2 kg Split Surcharge Weight, BS/EN Tamping Rod see EL34-0130
EL24-9220 Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter. Box of 100.
CBR Moulds and Accessories CBR Mould ASTM D1883; AASHTO T193
Specification
Mould 152.4 x 177.8 mm (inside diameter x height)
Collar 50.8 mm height, fits both ends of mould
Base plate Perforated
Construction All steel, plated
Weight 9 kg
Ordering InformationEL24-9228 ASTM CBR Mould with collar and perforated baseplate. AccessoriesEL24-9236 ASTM CBR Cutting Collar to fit ASTM CBR mould body, manufactured with a cutting edge to enable undisturbed samples to be taken in the field. Weight 1.5 kg.
EL24-9238 ASTM CBR Spacing Disc. 150.8 mm diameter x 61.4 mm deep. Weight 6.8 kg.
EL24-9240 Filter Screen. 150 mm dia, 150 µm mesh for use with ASTM mould.
EL24-9243 4.5 kg Annular Surcharge Weight, ASTM
EL24-9244 5 lb Split Surcharge Weight, ASTM
EL24-9245 5 lb Annular Surcharge Weight, ASTM
EL24-9250 Filter Papers, 150 mm diameter. Box of 100.
Expansion (swell) Test Equipment
Ordering Information
EL24-9260 Swell Plate with adjustable stem. Weight 540 g.
EL24-9262 Swell Tripod for mounting Swell Dial gauge in position on CBr mould collar. Weight 700 g.
Soaking Tank see EL34-6575/01
EL24-9275 Swell Dial Gauge, BS/EN. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm.
Swell Dial Gauge, ASTM see EL24-9184
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
In-situ CBR
The use of in-situ CBR apparatus on road construction contracts enables the bearing capacity of soils to be determined quickly and efficiently with minimum delay. The BS 1377, BS 1924 and ASTM D4429 Standards describe in-situ test procedures.
Ordering Information
EL24-9290 45 kN Capacity Mechanical Jack. The body is corrosion protected and houses an enclosed worm and wheel gear. The gear ratio has been carefully selected to provide a handwheel speed that can be comfortably maintained, particularly with soils of high CBR value. A quick-release device in the screwjack allows the plunger to be rapidly adjusted prior to the test. Weight 8.2 kg.
EL24-9298 Land Rover Bracket. Fits all models in Land Rover series 90 and 110.
EL24-9300 Ball Seating Attachment for fitting between the mechanical jack and reaction point. The ball seating is used when testing on undulating ground to ensure that the jack, load measuring ring and penetration piston are truly vertical. Non-axial loading of the load ring will give false results and will eventually damage the ring itself. Weight 1.8 kg.
EL24-9308 Set of Extension Rods made from high-quality steel with large-section thread for quick assembly.
EL24-9312 Datum Bar Assembly comprising 2 tripod stands and a datum bar. Weight 5.7 kg.
EL24-9320 4.5 kg Annular Surcharge Weight
EL24-9322 4.5 kg Slotted Surcharge Weight
EL24-9248 9.1 kg Slotted Surcharge Weight
Penetration Piston see EL24-9183
Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL24-9184
Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL24-9186
Bracket and Adaptor see EL24-9188
Load Rings see Section 78
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24 Soil Testing - Compaction and CBr
Conversion of In-situ to Laboratory CBR
The in-situ CBR jack assembly can be mounted in a simple conversion frame to measure CBR values in the laboratory. The frame is used with the jack, a suitable load ring, CBR mould and penetration piston.
Ordering Information
EL24-9341 50 kN Conversion Frame to adapt the mechanical jack for laboratory CBR tests. The frame is of a two-column construction with an overhead beam to accept the mechanical jack EL24-9290 and is supplied complete with stabilising bar. Weight 53 kg.
Accessories
EL24-9290 45 kN capacity Mechanical Jack
28 kN Load Ring see EL78-0760
Penetration Piston see EL24-9183
Bracket and Adaptor see EL24-9188
Penetration Dial Gauge ASTM see EL24-9184
Penetration Dial Gauge BS see EL24-9186
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
EL24-9341 50 kN Conversion Frame
25
25 Soil Testing - Consolidation
It is generally understood that clays and other compressible soils can be subject to long-term consolidation under the loads imposed by foundations and above ground structures. Also that settlement may occur even if the applied pressure is within the safe bearing capacity of the soil.
Traditionally, consolidation has been measured with an oedometer and this is generally known as the one-dimensional consolidation test. We provide a range of standard consolidation test equipment, with purpose-written software for precise and fast statistical analyses, plus specially designed pneumatic and hydraulic consolidation cells, together with a wide choice of options.
Consolidation
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
26
25 Soil Testing - Consolidation
One-dimensional Consolidation
The One-dimensional Consolidation test is used to determine the consolidation characteristics of soils of low permeability. Tests are carried out on specimens prepared from undisturbed samples. Data obtained from these tests, together with classification data and a knowledge of the soils loading history, enables estimates to be made of the behaviour of foundations under load.
Consolidation ApparatusBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2435, D4546; AASHTO T216
u High capacity – 8800 kPa on 50 mm diameter specimens using 11:1 beam ratio u Triple beam ratio, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1u Compact unit ensures maximum space saving
The ELE Oedometer is rigidly constructed to ensure minimum frame distortion. The frame is designed to load the specimen through a yoke assembly and one of three alternative beam ratios. The beam is fitted with a counterbalance weight and beam support jack.
The cell platform will accept the complete range of ELE consolidation cells and is fitted with a central spigot to ensure accurate centring of the cell under the loading yoke. Dimensions without hanger 711 x 203 x 508 mm (l x w x h). Weight 22 kg.
Ordering Information
EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame supplied without dial gauge and weights.
Accessories EL25-0408 Set of Weights. 100 kg comprising 9 x 10 kg, 1 x 5 kg, 2 x 2 kg, 1 x 1 kg. Weight 100 kg. For individual weights see EL26-2137 to EL26-2147.
EL25-0429 Floor-mounting Stand. A versatile modular steel stand. Holes in the shelf are provided for securing up to three EL25-0402 Consolidation Frames. Dimensions 610 x 915 x 865 mm (l x w x h).
Vertical Settlement Measurement
Various methods of measuring vertical settlement can be supplied. These range from dial gauges to displacement transducers. All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS 1377, ASTM D2435 and D4546. Displacement transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.
The table below shows the range of devices available for fitting to the EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame. Transducers are supplied complete with mounting brackets as required.
Ordering Information
BS ASTM
Dial gauge 10 mm travel x 0.002 mm div
EL25-0440 -
10 mm displacement transducer fitted with 5 pin DIN plug
EL27-1649 EL27-1649
Computer Controlled Recording and Analysis
Geotechnical laboratories make extensive use of computers and automated testing, and we offer specially written software packages designed to record and analyse test data. Presentation of results is in test report format, giving geotechnical engineers total control over all areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is required.
Software packages are described in Section 27.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Displacement Dial Gauge fitting
EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame
27
25 Soil Testing - Consolidation
Typical Loading
The table below shows typical loading of cells giving unit stress when used with EL25-0402 Consolidation Frame.
Cell model no. EL25-0455 EL25-0479 EL25-0503
Application High pressure
ASTM BS/EN 10:1
Specimen dia 50 mm 2.5 inch 75 mm
Specimen area
1963 mm2 4.909 inch2 4418 mm2
Beam ratio 10:1 10:1 9:1
Load 1 kg 1.55 kg 1 kg
Stress 50 kPa 1000 lbf/ft2 20 kPa
Typical max stress
8 MPa 103 200 lbf/ft2
3.2 MPa
Stress for 1 kg m2 50 kPa 645 lbf/ft2 20 kPa
Consolidation CellsBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2435, D4546; AASHTO T216
u Fixed ring type u Integral water reservoiru Choice of three sample sizes
The ELE fixed ring consolidation cells are manufactured from corrosion-resistant materials and conform to the requirements of the relevant Standards. An integral water reservoir is incorporated in the cell, which allows the specimen to be inundated when required. All cells are supplied complete with upper and lower porous disc, pressure pad and cutting (specimen) ring.
Consolidation Cells
Ordering Information
Nominal sample diameter
50 mm 2.5 inch 75 mm
Consolidation cell complete
EL25-0455 EL25-0479 EL25-0503
Accessories
Calibration disc
EL25-0461 EL25-0485 EL25-0509
Spares
Cutting ring
EL25-0458 EL25-0506
Pair of porous discs
EL25-0455/13 EL25-0479/13 EL25-0503/13
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
Consolidation Cell components
Fixed Ring Consolidation Cell
28
25 Soil Testing - Permeability
Permeability
Knowledge of the permeability characteristics of soil is essential for construction projects where drainage is an important element. In particular, permeability is a key parameter for the design and assessment of landfill sites, the investigation of contaminated ground, the design of earth dams and sheet pile walls, and in assessing the potential for lowering groundwater levels.
In many applications, the use of a flow-net analysis together with permeability data enables both the rate of seepage of water through or under a structure to be estimated, and seepage pressures to be calculated.
In each case, we offer a full range of testing equipment including:
u Constant Head Apparatusu Falling Head Apparatusu Combination Permeameteru Compaction Permeameteru Guelph Permeameter
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
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25 Soil Testing - Permeability
Constant Head Apparatus BS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D2434; AASHTO T215
This equipment is used for testing the permeability of granular soils (sands and gravels).The specimen is formed in a permeability cell and water is passed through it from a constant level tank. Take-off points located along the sides of the permeability cell are connected to three manometer tubes mounted on a panel complete with a metre scale. Water passing through the specimen is collected and measured, either for a specific quantity or over a period of time. The reduction of head is noted from the variation of water level in the manometer tubes.
Specification
Cell model no. EL25-0580
Nominal Cell inside diameter
75 mm
Cell wall Transparent plastic
Take-off points 3
End plates Anodised aluminium
Weight 2.6 kg
Ordering InformationEL25-0580 Constant Head Permeability Cell, 75 mm diameter
EL25-0591 Manometer Tubes and Stand comprising three glass tubes of constant bore, metre scale and connecting tubing for cell pressure take-off points, all mounted on a free-standing panel. Weight 2.8 kg.
EL25-0593 Constant Level Tank manufactured from transparent plastic with attachment for wall mounting. The inlet, outlet and overflow pipes are fitted to the base of the tank and can be adjusted for height within the tank. Supplied complete with connecting tubing. Weight 2.4 kg.
EL25-0580 Constant Head Apparatus
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
Constant Head Permeability Cell and Apparatus
30
25 Soil Testing - Permeability
Falling Head Apparatus
Clays and silts are tested using the falling head technique. Flow of water through the specimen is observed by monitoring the rate of fall of water in the tube. It is essential that soils of very low permeability are sealed inside the cylinder to prevent seepage along the sides of the specimen. Before testing, the specimen must be completely saturated with water as the presence of air will restrict the flow of water.
Specification
Cell Plated seamless tube 100 mm diameter x 130 mm height
Base Porous plate with three tie rods
Top plate Machined to accept smaller tubes
Weight 3.4 kg
Ordering Information
EL25-0605 Falling Head Permeability Cell
Compaction Permeameter
These Permeameters are designed for performing either constant head or falling head permeability tests on undisturbed, remoulded or compacted soils.
Specification
Mould Machined seamless steel tubing, plated
Capacity 101.6 x 116.4 mm (inside dia x h) 1/30 ft3
Collar 50.8 mm high, machined
Top Overflow valve assembly and water connection
Base Cast aluminum, with inlet/outlet fitting
Porous stone
101.6 x 12.7 mm (diameter x thickness)
Weights 5.4 kg
Ordering InformationEL25-0607 Compaction Permeameter, 101.6 mm
EL25-0609 Standpipe Panel complete with three glass tubes of 1.5, 3 and 5 mm diameter bore, approximately 1.4 metres long. Supplied with metre scale and thick walled flexible tubing. The glass tubes are fitted to a panel for wall mounting and connected to a 3-way outlet valve.
EL25-0611 De-airing Tank manufactured from transparent plastic with de-airing jet inlet and a flow outlet connection with flexible tubing. The tank is manufactured to withstand a reduced pressure and is suitable for direct wall mounting. Weight 2.9 kg.
EL25-0613 Soaking Tank with fixed overflow. Used for containing permeability cell during test. Weight 4.2 kg.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Falling Head Permeability Cell with manometer tubes EL25-0607 Compaction Permeameter
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25 Soil Testing - Permeability
Combination Permeameter CONSTANT Or FALLINg HEAD METHODS
u Plated steel chamber head assembly u Corrosion-resistant cast aluminum base assemblyu Includes accessories for conducting both constant and falling head permeability studies
This combination permeameter has a transparent plastic chamber for soil specimens of either fine-grained or coarse-grained soils. Generally, soils containing 10 percent or more particles passing a 75 µm sieve are tested using the falling head assembly. More granular soils, containing 90 percent or more particles retained on the 75 µm sieve, are tested using the constant head assembly.
The cell is sealed at the top so that a vacuum may be used to saturate the specimen. Porous stones located at the top and bottom of the cell prevent sample flaking or washout.
For constant head tests, a plastic funnel reservoir is mounted on an upright attached to the cell, providing a maximum head of 550 mm. Falling head tests are performed using the graduated pipette falling head reservoir, which gives a maximum head of 1000 mm and is graduated 0.2 ml.
Specification
Specimen size 63.5 x 63.5 mm (dia x l max) when using lower chamber only, 63.5 x 140 mm (dia x l max) when using both lower and extension chambers
Chamber Transparent plastic, two sections
Base Cast aluminium
Top seal Plated steel with gaskets
Porous stones 62.7 x 12.7 mm (diameter x thickness)
Constant head Plastic, funnel reservoir, 550 mm maximum head
Falling head Graduated pipette, 100 ml x 0.2 ml, 1000 mm maximum head
Weight 5 kg
Ordering InformationEL25-0623 Combination Permeameter. Constant or Falling Head.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL25-0623 Combination Permeameter
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25 Soil Testing - Permeability
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Guelph Permeameter ASTM D5126
u Lightweight and portableu Robust construction u Requires only 2.5 litres of water u Results usually within 2 hours
The Guelph Permeameter is used to obtain accurate measurements of hydraulic conductivity, soil sorptivity and soil matrix flux potential. These three factors govern how liquids will move through an unsaturated soil profile.
Recent significant advances in both the theoretical and practical techniques of measuring soil hydraulic conductivity have been made by the University of Guelph, Canada. This has resulted in the development of the Guelph Permeameter, utilising the Constant Head Well principle.
Specification
Cell Plated seamless tube 100 mm diameter x 130 mm height
Base Porous plate with three tie rods
Top plate Machined to accept smaller tubes
Weight 3.4 kg
Ordering Information
EL25-0650 Guelph Permeameter
Guelph Permeameter Set Includes:-
1 Field Tripod1 Well Auger1 Well Tripod1 Preparation Tool1 Hand Pump1 Extension Kit (extends depth by 800 mm)1 Collapsible Water Container1 Set of Instructions and Carrying Case
EL25-0650 Guelph Permeameter
1 Auger and prepare hole
2 Install Permeameter and fill with water
3 Record changing water level and calculate results
33
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Soil Strength (Triaxial)
The measurement of total stress or effective stress requires different procedures and therefore different equipment.
Total stresses are normally measured in a triaxial cell where the sample is subject to an all round confining pressure ( 3). A load is applied ( 1) through a piston onto a pressure pad, with the sample being confined within a rubber membrane so that no drainage in or out of the specimen is allowed. Pore water pressures are not normally measured and the undrained test is often referred to as the QU-TXL test.
An extension of the QU test is the unconsolidated undrained test (UU); this is similar to the QU test but is run at a slower rate in order to measure pore water pressure.
By comparison, effective stresses when measured in a triaxial cell are more complex in their nature, as numerous parameters can be measured. These include back pressure, pore water pressure and volume change; all of which can be used to calculate the required engineering properties.
Effective stress tests are usually referred to as consolidated drained (CD) or consolidated undrained (CU). Generally the CD test is applicable to sands, while both the CU or CD test can be used with clays. There are many special test variations within these basic test groupings.
Our range of triaxial cells and accessories, used in conjunction with other equipment such as load frames, pressure sources and measurement devices, have been specifically designed to meet the wide ranging requirements of modern soil mechanics laboratories. Each system is easy to set up and use, providing accurate and repeatable measurements.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
34
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
35
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Load Frames
The range of ELE designed and manufactured load frames is the most modern of its kind available to the discerning test laboratory. The range comprises capacities of 50 kN incorporating the latest microprocessor control systems, clear on-board screen displays and a range of other high quality features.
Digital Tritest 50 BS 1377-7, -8 1924-2, ASTM D2850 D4767, AASHTO T296 T297
u Microprocessor control u Large on-board LED screen display u Direct entry via a touch sensitive keyboard u Rapid approach and return to datum of platenu Fully variable speed, 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/min u Samples up to 100 mm diameter
This 50 kN capacity machine, designed primarily for triaxial testing of soil specimens up to 100 mm diameter x 200 mm long, comprises a rigid twin column construction with an integral fully variable microprocessor controlled drive unit and LCD display with a touch sensitive keyboard. The machine is normally bench mounted for ease of installation and operation.
The use of a microprocessor controlled drive system and keyboard entry provides the Digital Tritest 50 with a wide variety of features which include pause and speed reset during test, RS 232C, operator programming of speed and control functions, self test diagnostics and many other features.
A robustly constructed steel case houses the motor drive system with careful attention being given to the prevention of ingress of water or grit. All operating controls are mounted on the front panel of the machine, which is angled and recessed to prevent physical and environmental damage.
Specification
Dimensions (l x w x h) 500 x 500 x 1470 mm
Maximum vertical clearance
910 mm
Horizontal clearance 364 mm
Platen diameter 133 mm
Platen travel 100 mm
Platen speed range 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/min
Rapid approach speed 25 mm/minute
Weight 140 kg
Ordering InformationEL25-3518/01 Digital Tritest 50 complete with RS 232C interface. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
AccessoriesEL25-3650 Unconfined Compression Platens and Dial Gauge
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL25-3518/01 Digital Tritest 50
36
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
MultiPlex 50 BS 598, 1377, 1924; ASTM D3668, D1883; AASHTO T193
u Large on-board LED screen display u Fully variable speed, 0.5 to 50 mm/minuteu Rapid and momentary approach of platenu Mechanical or electronic measurementu Triaxial samples up to 100 mm diameter
This 50 kN capacity machine has been designed primarily for performing laboratory CBR, Marshall stability and quick undrained triaxial tests on one load frame. It is particularly suitable for those laboratories carrying out a mix of these tests, e.g. for road construction. The compact bench mounting design comprises a twin column frame incorporating a motorised drive system. A robustly constructed case houses the drive system, with careful attention being given to the prevention of ingress of water or grit. All operating controls are mounted on the front panel of the machine.
Electronic measurement is achieved using the optional EL27-1200/09 Electronic Control and Readout Unit (ECU) and appropriate load and axial displacement transducers, see catalogue Section 27. With digital readout, data logging capability and download software included as standard, the Multiplex 50/ECU combination provides unique features safeguarding not only the testing equipment, but also test integrity and accuracy.
Among these, the ECU will check its testing mode (CBR, Marshall, etc) against the frame speed setting and will not permit the test to run if these settings are incompatible. The ECU automatically configures its logging rate for each test type to comply with BS, ASTM or AASHTO Standards. This means the data exported from the ECU needs no further manipulation before analysis and reporting. Finally, if the upper limits of the transducers are exceeded, the ECU stops the load frame to protect the test accessories and load frame drive system.
Specification
Dimensions (l x w x h) 550 x 400 x 1470 mm
Maximum vertical clearance 800 mm
Horizontal clearance 265 mm
Platen diameter 133 mm
Platen travel 100 mm
Platen speed range 0.5 to 50.0 mm/min
Rapid approach speed 40 mm/min
Weight 100 kg
Ordering InformationEL25-3700/01 MultiPlex 50, mechanical load frame supplied complete with CBR stabilising bar. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.
AccessoriesElectronic Control and Readout Unit see EL27-1200/09
CBR Stabilising Bar see EL24-9170 EL25-3650 Unconfined Compression Platens and Dial Gauge
Applications
u Marshall Stability testsu BS and ASTM CBR testsu Quick Undrained Triaxial testsu Unconfined Compression tests
EL25-3700 series MultiPlex 50
37
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Triaxial Cells BS 1377; ASTM D2850, D4767; AASHTO T296, T297
u Working pressure up to 1700 kPa u All round visibility u Sample sizes 38 to 100 mm diameter u Rapid assembly and dismantlingu Accepts a range of interchangeable submersible load transducers
This range of precision made triaxial cells has been designed to meet the requirements of the modern soils laboratory. The cells have been treated to minimise corrosion. Particular attention has been paid to the quality of finish between the piston and the head. Final assembly includes the fitting of an O-ring seal and the use of special lubricant to reduce friction to a minimum and eliminate water leakage.
The piston load capacity is designed to accept high horizontal forces which may be present during the final stages of a test.
Each cell has five take-off positions drilled in the base for top drainage/back pressure, pore water pressure and bottom drainage.
Two no-volume change valves and an anvil for strain gauge/transducer datum are supplied for fitting to the cell.
A feature of these cells is that they all accept a single diameter piston. The internal height is such that a range of submersible load transducers can be fitted without any modification. Each cell will accept a range of base adaptors and various accessories for testing a wide range of specimens.
Ordering Information
Specification
Model number EL25-4047 EL25-4117 EL25-4157
Cell size 50 mm 70 mm 100 mm
Max. specimen size
50 x 100 mm
70 x 140 mm
100 x 200 mm
Working pressure
1,700 kPa 1,700 kPa 1,700 kPa
Max. piston load
45 kN 45 kN 45 kN
Vertical clearance required
380 mm
430 mm 515 mm
Horizontal clearance required
155 mm 180 mm 255 mm
Weight 4 kg 7.3 kg 14.3 kg
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
Triaxial Cells with Base Adaptors
38
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Accessories for Triaxial cells
Aggressive Materials
Although all products are treated to inhibit corrosion, certain aggressive materials may attack the metal components. Examples of this are samples obtained from the seabed or containing high concentrations of sulphates or chlorides.
Where aggressive materials are to be tested, ELE will be pleased to offer advice on any special requirements.
Ordering InformationEL25-8090 Silicone Grease Lubricant Tube
EL25-4200 Piston Restraint Clamp to lock loading piston in position.
Submersible load transducers see EL27-1573 and EL27-1575
Specimen Base Adaptor
Each cell will require the correct size of specimen base adaptor relative to the size (diameter) of sample to be tested.
Note: all base adaptors are double perforated for bottom drainage/pore pressure measurement. They are supplied complete with a solid disc for use in tests where no drainage is required.
Compatibility of Base Adaptors with Cells
Ordering Information
Specimen size
Cell model number
EL25-4047 EL25-4117 EL25-4157
Maximum specimen dia 50 mm
Maximum specimen dia 70 mm
Maximum specimen dia 100 mm
38 mm EL25-4166 - -
50 mm EL25-4168 EL25-4174 -
70 mm - EL25-4176 -
100 mm - - EL25-4186
Base Adaptors
Tritest 50 complete with Triaxial Cell and Transducers
39
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Axial Displacement (strain) and Load Measurement
Various methods of measuring axial displacement and load can be supplied.
All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS 1377; ASTM D2850, D4767. Displacement and load transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.
Ordering InformationEL25-4210 Dial Gauge. 25 mm travel x 0.01 mm.
Accessories50 mm Displacement Transducer. 5 pin DIN socket see EL27-1617
Various methods of measuring load can be supplied, these include load rings, S-type and submersible load transducers. The capacity of the load measurement device will invariably be selected with reference to the type of specimen and its size. For detailed specification of axial displacement and load measurement devices refer to EL27 and EL78 sections of the catalogue.
As a general guide, suggested load measurement capacities are as follows:
Type of Soil Capacity (max)
Clays 4.5 kN
Frictional materials 20 kN
Soft rocks, frictional soils at high cell pressures 50 kN
Sample Preparation Sample Diameter 38 mm 50 mm 70 mm 100 mm
O-Ring placing tool EL25-4290 EL25-5470 EL25-6470 EL25-7610
Suction membrane device EL25-5100 EL25-5480 EL25-6480 EL25-7640
Two-way split former EL25-5120 EL25-5500 EL25-6500 EL25-7650
Two-part split mould EL25-5130 EL25-5530 EL25-6530 –
10 ml single-tube drainage burette EL25-4540 EL25-4540 EL25-4540 –
Valve complete with 6 mm connector EL25-4520 EL25-4520 EL25-4520 EL25-4520
Quick undrained tests The following items will be required in addition to those listed for quick undrained tests:
Pressure Pad EL25-5050 EL25-5430 EL25-6430 EL25-7590
Rubber membrane (pack of 10) EL25-5061 EL25-5441 EL25-6441 EL25-7621
Length 150 mm 200 mm 250 mm 330 mm
Thickness 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm 0.25 – 0.3 mm
Membrane sealing ring (pack of 10) EL25-5081 EL25-5461 EL25-6461 EL25-7631
Additional items for consolidated undrained and drained tests Porous disc (pack of 2) EL25-5181 EL25-5561 EL25-6561 EL25-7661
Filter paper drain (pack of 50) EL25-5200 EL25-5580 EL25-6580 EL25-7670
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
40
25 Soil Testing - Soil Strength (Triaxial)
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
De-aired Water
It is particularly important that water from which dissolved air has been removed is used in the pore pressure measurement system and saturation procedures. Any dissolved air in the water will lead to errors in the measurement of pore pressure, particularly at low pressures, and also give slow or incorrect saturation results.
ELE De-aired Water Apparatus BS 1377
This compact self-contained unit will de-air water quickly and efficiently down to levels of dissolved oxygen acceptable for geotechnical test methods.
Air is removed from the water by a vacuum system, which continuously circulates the water in the tank.
The unit is supplied with a clear water container, which will hold a maximum of 15 litres of water. Input and output lines are formed using standard 6 mm tube connectors. Dimensions 380 x 356 x 470 mm (l x w x h).Weight 13 kg.
Ordering InformationEL25-1833/01 ELE De-aired Water Apparatus for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
EL25-1833/01 ELE De-aired Water Apparatus
41
26 Soil Testing - Pressure Systems
Pressure Systems
The provision and use of constant pressure systems in the geotechnical laboratory is essential if testing methods and equipment are to be fully utilised. Generally a number of independent and variable pressure sources will be required in a laboratory. Accurate and reliable monitoring systems will also be required, which may range from a single pressure gauge through a whole series of transducers.
We offer a range of products designed to supply and monitor all those parameters necessary for the successful testing of geotechnical materials. Two types of constant pressure systems are available:
1. Air/water system operated by a pneumatic compressor 2. A motorised oil/water system
Air/Water Constant Pressure System
Where a laboratory requires a number of constant but independent and variable pressure sources, the use of a pneumatic compressor is recommended. Depending on the capacity and volume of the unit, a series of pressure sources can be provided to various test stations around the laboratory. Two sizes of compressor are available.
Ordering Information700 kPa Air Compressor Unit see EL83-1730/01
1000 kPa Air Compressor Unit see EL83-1735/01
Pressure Reducing Panels and Bladder Assemblies
Compressed air must be controlled and delivered to a system designed to transfer the controlled pressure to the fluid (usually water), which applies the various test pressures, e.g. a confining pressure in a triaxial test.
The pressure reducing panels are used in conjunction with a bladder-type air/water interface assembly. Each individual pressure take off from the reducing panel will require a bladder interface assembly.
Connection of the reducing panels to the compressor/water trap outlet and to other reducing panels requires the use of EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing.
Ordering InformationEL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assembly with transparent plastic chamber for operating continuously at pressures up to 1000 kPa. A length of tubing is provided for connecting the air/water cylinder outlet to a pressure measuring system. Weight 5.6 kg.
SpareEL26-1746/10 Replacement Bladder
EL26-1760 1000 kPa Two-way Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panel comprising two constant pressure reducing valves with inlet water trap and pressure indicator. The unit allows a maximum output pressure of 1000 kPa. Maximum input pressure should not exceed 1400 kPa. The panel has an inlet connector to accept EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing from the Air Compressor and two 6 mm outlets for connecting EL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assemblies. An outlet connector is fitted for the connection of an additional panel using EL26-1769 Nylon Tubing to increase the total capacity of the system. This outlet is blanked off when not required. Weight 4 kg.
AccessoryEL26-1769 Nylon Tubing. 30 metre length. For pressures up to 1700 kPa. Used for connecting Air Compressors to Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panels, or for connecting two Pressure Reducing Panels together. Weight 2 kg.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL26-1760 1000 kPa Two-way Pneumatic Pressure Reducing Panel
EL26-1746 Bladder-type Air/Water Pressure Assembly
42
26 Soil Testing - Pressure Systems
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
6-Way Pressure Distribution Panel
The six-way pressure control systems have been designed specifically for the monitoring of up to six independent pressures. They are particularly useful for setting up and controlling a 3-cell effective stress system using three independent cells and three independent back pressures.
EL26-1872 is for use with pneumatic systems. The panel is used in conjunction with EL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel which provides pressure monitoring and facilities for filling and de-airing the system.
Ordering InformationEL26-1872 6-Way Pneumatic Pressure Panel comprising six pneumatic control valves mounted in a housing for controlling six independant outlets. Supplied with connection ports for coupling panel to EL26-1880. Maximum inlet pressure 1400 kPa maximum outlet pressure 1000 kPa.
Twin-burette Volume Change Unit
Fitted with reversing valve and by-pass valve. The unit is fitted with burettes graduated 0 to 100 ml x 0.2 ml and is mounted on a solid panel for wall or bench mounting.
Ordering InformationEL26-1892 Twin-burette Volume-change Unit supplied with 100 ml capacity x 0.2 ml burettes. Weight 8.3 kg.
AccessoriesEL26-1900 Red Dye, Kerosene-soluble
System Accessories
Ordering InformationEL26-1922 6 mm Connector with sealing washer
EL26-1926 Nylon Opaque Tubing. 6 mm outside diameter x 4 mm inside diameter. For use up to a pressure of 3500 kPa. Priced per metre.
EL26-1928 6 mm Elbow Connector
EL26-1930 6 mm T-connector
EL26-1892 Twin-burette Volume-change Unit
43
26 Soil Testing - Pressure Systems
Oil/Water Constant Pressure System
u 0 to 1700 kPa (250 lbf/in2) fully variable u Continuous constant pressure controlu One litre capacity
The ELE oil/water constant pressure system, PressureTest 1700, is extremely versatile and can be used in conjunction with a wide range of test equipment. The unit provides continuous variable pressure up to 1700 kPa. Pressure is increased or decreased simply by turning a control wheel.
The apparatus is supplied without a gauge for those customers who have suitable pressure monitoring equipment. A digital pressure gauge is offered as an accessory.
The machine features a clear hydraulic/water interface reservoir and up to one litre capacity of water is available under pressure. Ordering InformationEL26-1800/01 PressureTest 1700. Dimensions (without gauge) 240 x 400 x 500 mm (l x w x h). Weight 17 kg. For 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
AccessoriesEL26-1820 Digital pressure gauge 1700 kPa
SparesEL26-1805 Oil, 5 litres
Modular Pressure Panel System
u Modular system for flexibility u Wall mountingu Four outlets u 6 mm diameter pipework for quick filling and draining u Standard type valves on all units – on/off with no volume change u Ideal system for geotechnical laboratories
This modular system provides flexibility and cost saving by enabling only those units that are relevant to the particular testing requirements to be selected. It is simple to update the system with the addition of other units, which can be quickly connected together.
The units may be used with a variety of pressure systems, such as pneumatic and oil/water, and are designed to accept pressures up to 1700 kPa where appropriate.
Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel
This is the main pressure display in the system for monitoring various pressures and also provides fine control of pressure within the system using the rotary hand pump. The unit is fitted with a dual calibrated 250 mm diameter pressure gauge, four inlet/outlet no-volume change valves, screw controlled rotary hand pump, water reservoir and isolating valves. The unit is housed in a hinged case for wall or bench mounting. By using an isolating valve the panel may be used to monitor cell or back pressure.
Ordering InformationEL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel with dual calibrated pressure gauge, 1700 kPa and 250 lbf/in2. Weight 12 kg.
SpareEL26-1865/10 Pressure Gauge 1700 kPa. 250 mm diameter. Weight 2.5 kg.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL26-1800 series Pressure Test 1700
EL26-1880 Universal Pump and Pressure Indicating Panel
26 Soil Testing - Direct Shear and Vane Tests
44
Direct Shear and Vane Tests
Every building or structure that is built in or on the earth imposes loads on the soil supporting the foundations. The stresses set up in the soil cause deformation of the soil with stress failure being caused by slippage of soil particles, which may lead to sliding of one body of soil relative to the surrounding mass.
The process is known as shear failure and occurs when shear stresses set up in the soil mass exceed the maximum shear resistance that the soil can offer, i.e. its shear strength.
Direct/Residual Shear ApparatusBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D3080
u Microprocessor controlu Large on-board LCD screen displayu Direct entry via touch sensitive keyboard u Rapid approach and return to start datumu Fully variable speed, 0.00001 to 9.99999 mm/minuteu Accepts specimens up to 100 mm square
The ELE Direct Shear Apparatus accepts specimens 60 mm, 100 mm square or 2.5 inches in diameter.
The use of a microprocessor controlled drive system and keyboard entry gives the apparatus a wide range of features that include pause and speed reset during test, RS 232C interface, operator programming of speed and control functions, self test diagnostics and many other features. A return to start datum provides a positive means of reversing the shearbox when either preparing for a new test or continuing with residual testing procedures.
Safety forward/reverse travel limit switches are fitted as standard and monitored through the electronics system control.
The electronics are housed in a modern moulded shroud, which includes a large LCD display and keyboard entry. The apparatus is enclosed in a robustly constructed case, has been designed for floor mounting and is supplied complete with carriage, loading hanger and 10:1 lever loading device.
Specification
Dimensions (l x w x h) 1140 x 275 x 1260 mm
Speed rangeStandard speeds Fast forward/reverse
0.00001 to 9.99999 mm 10 mm per minute
Weight 82 kg
Ordering InformationEL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus supplied without shearbox, load ring, vertical and horizontal dial gauges.
EL26-2114/01 for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph. EL26-2114/02 for 110 – 120 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1 ph.
Measurement of Load(Shear Stress)
Various methods of measuring load can be supplied. All load measurement devices comply with the requirements for accuracy specified in BS 1377 and ASTM D3080.Transducers are supplied with a calibration certificate.
The table below shows a range of devices available for fitting to EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus. For detailed specification refer to relevant catalogue sections.
Capacity 2 kN 3 kN 4.5 kN
Load ring compression only
EL78-0060 EL78-0160 EL78-0260
S-type Load Cell 5.0 kN capacity see EL27-1561
EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
26 Soil Testing - Direct Shear and Vane Tests
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
45
Measurement of Horizontal and Vertical Movement
Horizontal and vertical movement is measured using dial gauges or displacement transducers. All devices comply with the accuracy specified in BS 1377 and ASTM D3080 and are supplied with a calibration certificate.
The table below shows devices available for fitting to EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus. For detailed specification refer to relevant catalogue sections. All devices are supplied complete with mounting brackets as required.
Vertical Dial Gauge see EL25-0440
Horizontal Dial Gauge see EL83-5456
Vertical Displacement Transducer see EL27-1689
Horizontal Displacement Transducer see EL27-1697
Application of Normal Stress
Normal stress is applied to the specimen through the lever loading device and the appropriate slotted weights, which can be selected from the table below.
Slotted Weights
Model no. Weight
EL26-2132 50 kg Set of Weights, comprising: 4 x 10 kg, 1 x 5 kg, 2 x 2 kg, 1 x 1 kg
EL26-2137 10 kg
EL26-2139 5 kg
EL26-2141 2 kg
EL26-2143 1 kg
EL26-2145 0.5 kg
EL26-2147 0.25 kg
Shear Box AssembliesBS 1377; EN 1997-2; ASTM D3080
All shearbox assemblies are designed to fit the carriage of EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus. They are supplied complete with two porous plates, one retaining plate and a loading pad. The three sizes supplied comply with the relevant requirements of BS 1377 and ASTM D3080. All assemblies can be used for quick shear tests or drained/residual shear tests.
Optional accessories are available including specimen cutters and extrusion tools. The table shows the complete range of shearbox assemblies and accessories. Shearbox Assemblies
EL26-2181 EL26-2197 EL26-2213
Specimen area
60 x 60 mm
100 x 100 mm
2.5 inch dia
Specimen thickness
25 mm
25 mm 1 inch
Weight 2 kg 5.2 kg 2.8 kg
Relevant Standard
BS 1377
BS 1377 ASTM D3080
Accessories and Spares
Porous Disc
EL26-2181/10 EL26-2197/10 EL26-2213/10
Specimen Cutter
EL26-2185 EL26-2201 EL26-2217
Specimen Extrusion Tool
EL26-2189
EL26-2205 EL26-2221
Application of Normal Stress
We offer software packages designed to record and analyse test results. Presentation of results is in test report format giving geotechnical engineers total control over all areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is required.
Software packages are described in the EL27 section of the catalogue.
Control system of EL26-2114 series Digital Direct/Residual Shear Apparatus
46
26 Soil Testing - Direct Shear and Vane Tests
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Pocket Shearmeter
The shearmeter can be used on tube samples, on the sides of pits, cuttings etc. It is an invaluable tool for initial site investigation work.
Ordering InformationEL26-2261 Pocket Shearmeter complete with sensitive vane, standard vane and high-capacity vane. Range 0 to 1 x 0.05 kgf/cm2. Weight 300 g.
Laboratory Vane ApparatusBS 1377
The equipment is based on a design by the Transport Research Laboratory, England, and is available in hand or motorised versions. Stress is applied through the 12.7 x 12.7 mm vane by means of any one of four calibrated springs. The motorised version produces a shearing rate of 10º per minute.
Ordering InformationEL26-2270 Laboratory Vane Apparatus. Hand-operated, complete with 4 calibrated springs and a 12.7 mm diameter x 12.7 mm long vane. Weight 7.5 kg.
AccessoriesEL26-2281 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 19 mm long.
EL26-2283 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 25.4 mm long.
SparesEL26-2275/10 Set of 4 Calibrated Springs for Laboratory Vane Apparatus.
EL26-2279 Vane. 12.7 mm diameter x 12.7 mm long.
Inspection Vane
This instrument is an essential tool for civil engineers involved in site investigation work. The unit is supplied in kit form with a carrying case incorporating the measuring head, extension rods, vanes, etc. The measuring head comprises a T-handle that is spring-loaded against the extension rod adaptor. Weight 3 kg. Ordering InformationEL26-3335 H-60 Field Inspection Vane Tester. Range 0 to 260 kPa, in carrying case with 6 x 0.5 metre extension rods, 3 vanes, dummy vane and tools. Supplied complete with Calibration Certificate.
SparesEL26-3335/11 H-605 Extension Rod
EL26-2261 Pocket Shearmeter
EL26-3335 H-60 Field Inspection Vane Tester
EL26-2270 Laboratory Vane Apparatus
47
27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Data Logging, Software and Electronic Instrumentation
u Multi-taskingu Stand-alone systemsu Digital readout unitsu Total solutionsu Systems consultancy serviceu Wide range of PC compatibility
At ELE we have long specialised in the development of intelligent processing and recording systems. Over the years, our knowledge, skills and resources have enabled us to help customers move from the early stages of simple digital readout units, through dedicated computer control, to the latest intelligent stand-alone data acquisition systems.
In each case our expertise in both hardware and software allows us to deliver dedicated condition monitoring and software solutions that meet the exact needs of our customers, while retaining optimum system performance, functionality and reliability.
Important Ordering Information
To ensure that we are able to respond quickly and accurately to your enquiry please be prepared to give us as much information as possible on your hardware and peripherals.
Our team of highly qualified engineers are always available to provide technical advice and will, if necessary, design turnkey laboratory facilities around your requirements.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
48
ELE Datasystem Geotechnical Testing
u System comprises software, ADU datalogger and Transducers u Options available for Triaxial, Consolidation, Direct/Residual Shear and CBR tests u Automates data logging, analysis and reporting to British Standards and ASTM/AASHTOu Accurate and repeatable test proceduresu Multi-tasking; perform several tests concurrentlyu Easily expandableu Import and export of sample data in AGS format
The ELE DataSystem is a unique instrument designed to interface with laboratory testing equipment, thereby allowing technicians to perform other activities. It provides geotechnical engineers with fully automated data collection and analysis capabilities for the laboratory.
The system has been tailored to suit the requirements of a wide range of customers including commercial testing laboratories, educational and government bodies. Contractors and consultants will quickly realise the productivity benefits of ELE DataSystem, while students in educational institutions will have the added benefit of direct involvement in the use of computer technology related to conventional materials testing methods.
Through ELE DataSystem and your computer, you will achieve not only professional testing procedures in accordance with industry standards, but also cost-effective benefits in productivity and reduced operator fatigue. You can eliminate the need for overtime, night shifts and weekend shifts for data logging purposes, while automated logging enables greater utilisation of working hours. Considerable time can also be saved in the recording and calculation of tests, with automatic printing and plotting of test results for direct entry into reports.
The ELE DataSystem can be configured to work on a wide variety of laboratory testing devices, including equipment not manufactured by ELE. Our highly trained technical service group is always available to help develop a system that best meets your requirements.
Datasystem 7 Geotechnical Software
u Windows® compatible software packages u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with British Standards and ASTM/AASHTO (MS Word required)u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and printer as required u Tests can be performed using SI, Imperial or Metric units u Test stages have built-in functions to aid ‘on the fly’ calculation of set-up parameters where appropriate
DataSystem 7 Geotechnical software is a powerful data analysis and reporting software suite designed to work in conjunction with ELE’s ADU datalogger and Transducers. The software incoporates advanced features such as intelligent data analysis, automatic report generation (MS Word required), and AGS data exchange compatibility.
27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
ELE Datasystem equipment can be divided into three main groups
ELE DataSystem SoftwareSpecially writeen spftware packages designed to record, analyze, and report test data guiding the user through testing procures in accordance with British Standards or ASTM/AASHTO.
ELE Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit (ADU)A sophisticated data acquisition unit with on-board intelligence and memory capability.
ELE DataSystem series TransducersA complete range of transducers linking popular geotechnical soils testing devices to the ADU.
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27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit (ADU)
u Up to 32 input channelsu Up to 100 readings per second in normal multi-tasking mode u Standard RS 232C interfaceu Compatible with a complete range of transducers for almost any test requirements
The ADU is a sophisticated data acquisition unit that provides the link between your computer and the transducers connected to test equipment.
With complete on-board intelligence and memory capabilities, the ADU takes control of the data acquisition process. The user is not required to do any programming. All test initiation functions and data transfer procedures are handled by the microcomputer and ADU software. With all real time activities controlled by the ADU, the computer may be used for other purposes while testing is in progress.
Housed in a free-standing case, the ADU is supplied complete with an 8-channel input module. The unit can easily be upgraded to a capacity of 32 channels through the optional 8-channel Expansion Modules.
Specification
Dimensions (l x w x h)
406 x 445 x 178 mm
Case Free-standing, houses power supply, analogue to digital conversion mod-ule, 128k bytes of memory storage and an 8-channel analog input mod-ule with transducer energisation
Sockets Standard 5-pin DIN type
Input range ± 5 volts to ± 10 mV full scale
Transducer supply 10 V DC
Weight 11.3 kg
Ordering Information
EL27-1495/01 Autonomous Data Acquisition Unit (ADU) for 220 – 240 V AC, 50 – 60 Hz, 1ph.
Accessory
EL27-1502-Channel Expansion Analogue Input Module
S-type Load Cells
u Repeatability better than ± 0.02% of rated output u Non-Linearity better than ± 0.03% of rated outputu Supplied complete with 5-pin DIN type connector for connection to ADU
Ideally suited for a wide range of applications, ELE S-type load cells provide high accuracy and minimum deformation. Various models are available, with the necessary adaptors, for use with ELE Triaxial Load Frames, Multiplex 50/Marshall Test 50/CBR Test 50 and Direct Shear machine.
Specification
Excitation 10 V AC or DC
Output Non Linearity
2.7 mV/V nominal better than ± 0.03% of rated output
Construction Aluminium alloy/stainless steel
Environmental protection
IP65
Ordering InformationS-type Load Cells for triaxial tests EL27-1551 5.0 kN capacity EL27-1553 10.0 kN capacity EL27-1555 25.0 kN capacity
S-type Load Cells for CBR and Marshall tests EL27-1559 50 kN capacity
S-type Load Cell for use with Direct Shear Machine EL27-1561 5.0 kN capacity
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
S-type Load Cells
50
27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Submersible Load Transducers
u Eliminates effects of piston friction on readingsu Unaffected by cell confining pressures u Easily installed in triaxial cell u Supplied complete with calibration certificate and 5-pin DIN type connector for use with ADU
Submersible Load Transducers are used to measure accurately the axial loads applied to triaxial test specimens. Consisting of a load cell and piston assembly these units replace the standard triaxial cell loading piston. A major advantage is that these transducers measure loads directly on top of the specimen. All transducers are supplied complete with a 5-pin DIN type connector and calibration certificate.
Specification
Dimensions 75 x 50 mm (dia x h) excluding piston and adaptor
Overload capacity 150%
Output 26 mv full range
Excitation 10 V DC (15 V DC max)
Non-linearity 0.1% maximum
Hysteresis Deflection 0.1% maximum 0.05 mm at full load
Side force 50% full scale maximum without effect
Connector 5-pin DIN plug
Compensated temperature range
0 to 50°C
Weight 850 g
Ordering InformationEL27-1573 5.0 kN capacity Submersible Load Transducer
EL27-1575 10 kN capacity Submersible Load Transducer
AccessoryEL27-1293 Distance Piece required when using submersible load cells.
Displacement Transducers
u Ideally suited for use with ADU for accurate displacement measurementsu Models available for use in consolidation, shear, CBR and triaxial test applications u Supplied complete with mounting hardware for specified products
Displacement Transducers are used in consolidation, shear, CBR and triaxial test applications for accurate displacement measurements. They are supplied complete with a 5-pin DIN type connector for direct connection to the ADU.
Specification
Construction Fully encapsulated electronics, sealed in a stainless steel case
Excitation 10 V DC
Connector 5-Pin DIN type
Mounting bracket Included as standard
Weight 0.45 kg
Ordering InformationEL27-1617 Axial Strain Transducer. 0 to 50 mm range. For use with Triaxial Cells.
EL27-1649 Consolidation Displacement Transducer. 0 to 10 mm range. For use on One-dimensional Consolidation Apparatus.
EL27-1689 Vertical Displacement Transducer. 0 to 10 mm range. For use with Direct/Residual Shear Machines.
EL27-1697 Horizontal Displacement Transducer. 0 to 10 mm range. For use on Direct/Residual Shear Machines.
EL27-1705 CBR Displacement Transducer. 0 to 50 mm range. For use on CBR Tritest and Multiplex Series Load Frames.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Displacement Transducer
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27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Volume Change Transducer
u Reversing valves to increase capacityu Steel case for wall mounting and access to piping u Supplied complete with calibration certificate
The Volume Change Transducer provides continuous measurements of volume change during the triaxial test. The assembly includes a valve to reverse the flow through the unit, providing increased capacity.
Specification
Overall dimensions (l x w x h)
178 x 229 x 368 mm
Maximum pressure 1700 kPa
Excitation 10 V DC
Output 1.25 full range
Capacity 80 ml
Connector 5-Pin DIN type
Weight 4.5 kg
Ordering InformationEL27-1641 Volume Change Transducer
Pressure Transducer
Pressure Transducers are used to measure the cell, pore and back pressures during triaxial testing. Assemblies are supplied complete with a de-airing block, valve, 5-pin DIN plug connector and calibration certificate.
Specifications
Construction Stainless steel
Excitation 10 V DC
Output 143 mV full range
Thread ¼“ BSP
Ordering InformationEL27-1633 Pressure Transducer, 1700 kPa
Digital Pressure Gauge
The Digital Pressure Gauge offers highly accurate pressure measurement and digital readout for ELE triaxial cells.
Ordering InformationEL27-1620 Digital Pressure Gauge,1700 kPa, for ELE Triaxial Cells
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL27-1641 Volume Change Transducer EL27-1620 Digital Pressure Gauge
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27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
u Windows® compatible programs available for Triaxial, Permeability Consolidation, Direct/ Residual Shear and CBR tests u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with British and ASTM /AASHTO Standards (MS Word required) u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and printer as required during test u Tests can be performed using SI, Imperial or Metric units u Comprehensive Help screens u Facility to enlarge on-screen transducer readings during test monitoringu AGS (Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists) file compatibility for electronic exchange of data u 5-slope transducer calibration facility for higher accuracy u Useful built-in calculators (e.g. for determining rates of strain, weights for consolidation, etc)
With the growing demand for automated testing, we offer the DataSystem 7 suite of geotechnical data acquisition, analysis and reporting software providing significant efficiency benefits in high volume testing laboratories.
DataSystem 7 is designed to record, analyse and report test data per British, ASTM and AASHTO Standards, for Quick-undrained Triaxial, CU/CD Triaxial, Permeability in a triaxial cell in accordance with BS 1377, Consolidation, Direct/Residual Shear and CBR tests.
The software runs on a computer connected to the ELE ADU data logger with transducers and has been designed and written for use by engineers and technicians.
Each package is user-friendly and guides the user through the test procedure in accordance with the selected Standard (BS or ASTM/AASHTO). Standard screen layouts present sample details, test stage, menu options and data entry.
The engineer has total control over those areas of analysis where an engineering judgement is required. The test techniques and methods follow generally accepted geotechnical engineering practice.
All test data and reports are automatically filed in a folder structure based on Job Number, Test Type and Sample Number. Files for each test are given a unique name, based on sample ID, date and time. This system allows easy identification of historical test data and ensures that test data will never be accidentally overwritten.
To take full advantage of the extensive reporting facility the package provides, Microsoft Word (Version 97 or later) should be resident on the system. This facility will allow reports to be generated automatically.
The packages of software required are accessed by an activation code, supplied by ELE, allowing the customer to build up a suite of software on an as required basis. Each module is self-contained and can be integrated into the system at any time.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
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27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
DS7 Geotechnical Software
u Tests are run with step-by-step instructions selectable between BS and ASTM/AASHTO Standards u Automatic Report Generation in accordance with BS and ASTM/AASHTO Standards (MS Word required)u Real-time graphical outputs both to screen and printer as requiredu Compatible with Windows® operating systems from Windows 95 onwards
DS7 Quick Undrained Triaxial Software
u Options for single or multi-stage testing on sample u Mohr circles produced for graphical analyses
Ordering InformationEL27-1750 Quick Undrained Triaxial Software. Options are available for a single test on one sample, standard three-sample procedure with linking of the results, or for a multi-stage test on one sample. Load and strain are monitored through transducers. Various printouts and graphical plots are available including basic sample data, moisture content and density. The program tabulates shearing data and plots stress against strain. Mohr circles are produced for graphical analyses
DS7 CU/CD Effective Stress Triaxial Software
u Complete package for consolidated drained and consolidated undrained triaxial tests
Ordering InformationEL27-1760 CU/CD Effective Stress Triaxial Software. This advanced package includes procedures for consolidated drained and consolidated undrained tests. Standard options are available for saturation, consolidation and shearing with automatic monitoring of the various parameters through transducers linked to the system. Load, strain, volume-change, pore-pressure, cell pressure and back pressure can all be monitored. Various prints and graphical plots are available to the engineer and include saturation data such as pore pressure build-up and B values, consolidation, volume change against time, shearing load versus strain with pore pressure monitoring.
DS7 Permeability in a Triaxial Cell Software
u Comprehensive Help screens includedu Clear test information presented
Ordering InformationEL27-1765 Permeability in a Triaxial Cell Software (BS 1377). This program provides data for the determination of permeability of soil specimens using a triaxial cell and two volume change units in accordance with BS 1377.
DS7 One-dimensional Consolidation Software
u Automatic compensation for frame deformation
Ordering InformationEL27-1770 One-dimensional Consolidation Software. DataSystem Consolidation Software provides all basic functions needed to record and analyse consolidation test data. Options are available for monitoring settlement on a log time or square-root time basis. Printouts and graphical plots are available for all stages including Mvand Cv moisture content, voids ratio plots, and initial sample conditions.
DS7 Direct/Residual Shear Software
u Options for both quick undrained and drained shear tests u Single or Multiple stagesu Automatic compensation for frame deformation
Ordering InformationEL27-1790 Direct/Residual Shear Software. This unique package provides test options for quick undrained or drained shear tests with the user selectable option of residual testing. Individual test results can be linked together to produce the Coulomb Envelope. Printouts and plots are available for sample description and basic test data such as moisture content, etc. Real-time plots of settlement, shear versus displacement and vertical displacement during shearing is readily available via the computer screen or printer.
DS7 CBR Penetration Software
u Two tests can be combined under the summary report for top and base of sample test results
Ordering InformationEL27-1795 CBR Penetration Software. This program provides the classical data for the CBR test. Load and penetration are monitored simultaneously. The program tabulates the results and provides a graphical presentation report.
S 1100 DS7 Software Suite comprising the following programs, Undrained and CU-CD, Triaxial, Permeability, Direct & Residual Shear, CBR and One-dimensional Consolidation tests.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
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27 Soil Testing - Electronic Instrumentation
Transducer Extension Cables
Wired with a 5-pin DIN type plug at one end and a 5-pin DIN type socket at the other, these extension cables are used to increase the length of any ADU/ECU transducer cable.
Ordering InformationEL27-1715 Transducer Extension Cable, 1.5 m long
EL27-1717 Transducer Extension Cable, 3.0 m long
EL27-1719 Transducer Extension Cable, 4.5 m long
ELE Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
u Metric, Imperial, or SI Engineering Unitsu Test stop at transducer limits u Download software supplied as standard u Output for X/Yt plotter
The ELE-ECU is designed to operate with ELE CBR Test 50/Multiplex 50/Marshall Test 50 series testing machines to provide electronic measurement display and test data logging.
When used in conjunction with the CBR Test 50 and Marshall Test 50 series machines the ECU will check and select the correct test mode automatically against the frame type and will not permit an incorrect mode to be selected. The ECU also automatically configures its logging rate per test type to comply with the relevant BS, ASTM or AASHTO Standards.
The Multiplex50/ECU combination is ideal for many laboratories that have requirements for Quick-undrained, Unconsolidated undrained, Unconfined compression, CBR and Marshall testing.
With digital readout and datalogging capabilities, the Multiplex 50/ECU design has unique fool-proof features safeguarding not only the testing equipment, but test integrity and accuracy as well.
Ordering InformationEL27-1200/09 ECU Electronic Control and Readout Unit for use with ELE CBR, Multiplex and Marshall machines. Complete with download software.For 110 – 240 V AC 50 – 60 Hz 1ph.
For details of suitable Load and Displacement Transducers see Section 27 Electronic Instrumentation.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
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29 Soil Testing - Bearing Capacity
Bearing Capacity
The design of foundations is a prerequisite of economic design and construction. In order to guard against shear failure and unacceptable ground movements due to loading it is often necessary to determine the ground bearing capacity.
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
The TRL (Transport Research Laboratory) Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ measurement of the structural properties of existing road pavement constructed with unbound materials. The unit incorporates an 8 kg weight with a drop of 575 mm, and a 20 mm diameter cone fitted to the end of the shaft, allowing measurements to be made down to a depth of approximately 850 mm.
Readings are usually taken after a set number of blows, changing the number according to the strength of the layer being penetrated. For good granular bases, readings every five to ten blows are satisfactory, but for weaker sub-base layers and subgrades, readings every one to two blows may be appropriate.
The DCP requires three operators, one to hold the instrument in a vertical position, one to raise the hammer and let it fall and one to record the results. A typical test takes only a few minutes, providing a very efficient method of obtaining information which would otherwise require the excavation of test pits. Where pavement layers have different strengths, boundaries can be identified and layer thickness determined.
Ordering InformationEL29-3720 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer supplied complete with all necessary tools, assembly and operating instructions. Assembled height 1965 mm, assembled weight 20 kg.
SpareEL29-3720/10 Replacement Cone
Pocket Penetrometer
A lightweight device for determining the approximate unconfined compressive strength and the estimation of shear strength, it can also be used to classify cohesive soils in terms of consistency.
The stainless steel plunger is pushed into the soil until the penetration mark is reached. The equivalent unconfined compressive strength of the soil can be read in kgf/cm2 or tons/ft2 from the maximum load indicator provided.
Important: the readings obtained from the pocket penetrometer do not replace laboratory test results due to the fact that a small area penetration test is inherently liable to give misleading results. The instrument should not be used for obtaining foundation design data.
Specification
Dimensions 19 x 162 mm
Range 0.25 to 4.5 kg/cm2
Scale divisions 0.25 kg/cm2
Load piston 6 mm dia, stainless steel
Carrying case Canvas, belt-loop style
Ordering InformationEL29-3729 ELE Pocket Penetrometer. Weight 80 g.
EL29-3729 ELE Pocket Penetrometer
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL29-3720 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer
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29 Soil Testing - Bearing Capacity
Plate Bearing Test EquipmentBS1377; EN 1997-3; ASTM D1194, D1195, D1196
Applications include the determination of bearing capacity of the soil in situ, designing for static loads on spread footings, and repetitive and non-repetitive plate loading tests of soils and flexible pavements.
Important: The equipment is used in conjunction with a reaction beam. This is not supplied with the equipment.
Ordering InformationEL29-3800 Plate Bearing Apparatus complete, comprising; Hydraulic Jack 500 kN capacity, Pressure system, datum bar, four x dial gauges 50 mm travel x 0.01 mm divisions and four bearing plates: 150 mm, 305 mm, 455 mm and 760 mm dia.
Specification
Pressure System
Loading jack 500 kN capacity with integral ball seating
Pump Hand operated, single speed with integral oil reservoir
Hose 3 m long. Maximum pressure 70 MPa with quick release couplings
Gauge 100 mm dia with quick release couplings and graphs to convert readings to kN, kgf and lbf
Weights Loading jack 24 kg Pressure system 12.5 kg
Bearing Plates
Manufactured from machined steel plate with a finished thickness exceeding 25 mm. The plate has concentric markings on one face. All plates are supplied with two lifting eyes except for the 150 mm dia plate.
Note: to successfully perform the test, a reaction load is required.
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]
Plate Bearing Test Equipment
57
29 Soil Testing - In-situ Density
In-situ Density
Many civil engineering projects require the use of fill material. Whenever soil is placed as an engineering fill, it is usually compacted to a dense state, to obtain satisfactory engineering properties. Compaction on site is usually effected by mechanical means such as rolling, ramming or vibrating. Control of compaction is necessary to achieve a satisfactory result at reasonable cost. Laboratory compaction tests provide the basis for control procedures used on site.
Proctor Penetrometer ASTM D1558
This spring-type penetrometer can be used in the field to control soil compaction. The stem is calibrated to 150 lbf x 2 lbf divisions, and a sliding collar indicates the applied load. A rapid estimate of the moisture content of soil can be obtained by comparing the amount of penetration of the needle for a corresponding load, with a laboratory determined moisture/density curve for a similar soil.
Ordering InformationEL29-3925 Proctor Penetrometer (spring type) with stainless steel adaptor stem for larger needles. Supplied with set of needle points. 1, 3/4, 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, /10, /20, 1/30 and 1/40 in2 area (645, 484, 323, 215, 129, 65, 32, 21.5 and 16 mm2) with adaptor for smaller needles. Weight 2.0 kg
EL29-3933 Case. An optional carrying case for the penetrometer and needle points.
Sand Replacement
This equipment is used to determine the dry density of in-situ soils. Apparatus is included which satisfies BS, ASTM and AASHTO specifications.
100 mm Pouring CylinderBS 1377, 1924
Ordering InformationEL29-4000 100 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 3 kg.
EL29-4020 100 mm Calibrating Container. 100 mm inside diameter x 150 mm deep with 200 mm diameter rim. Weight 1.8 kg.
EL29-4040 Metal Tray. 300 mm square x 40 mm deep with a 100 mm diameter hole. Weight 1.4 kg.
150 mm Pouring Cylinder
Ordering InformationEL29-4100 150 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 7.5 kg.
EL29-4120 150 mm Calibrating Container. 150 mm inside diameter x 150 mm deep with 250 mm diameter rim. Weight 3.6 kg.
EL29-4140 Metal Tray. 300 mm square x 40 mm deep with a 150 mm diameter hole.
200 mm Pouring Cylinder
Ordering InformationEL29-4200 200 mm Sand Pouring Cylinder. Weight 16 kg.
EL29-4220 200 mm Calibrating Container. 200 mm inside diameter x 250 mm deep with a 350 mm diameter rim. Weight 8 kg.
EL29-4240 Metal Tray. 500 mm square x 50 mm deep with a 200 mm diameter hole. Weight 2.7 kg.
For 24/7 online ordering, payment & order tracking go to www.ele.com
EL29-3925 Proctor Penetrometer
Calibrating Container, Sand Pouring Cylinder, Metal Tray
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29 Soil Testing - In-situ Density
Sand Cone 6 InchASTM D1556; AASHTO T191
Ordering InformationEL29-4300 Sand Cone 6 inch (152 mm) comprising two cones with a shutter mechanism. Supplied without sand container. Weight 900 g.
EL29-4320 Sand Container. 5 litre capacity for fitting to EL29-4300. Weight 1.4 kg.
EL29-4340 Density Plate for 6 inch sand cone. The plate has a 6.5 inch diameter recessed hole to locate the sand cone. Weight 1.8 kg.
Accessory for sand pouring methods
Standard Sand see EL82-7401
Core-Cutter Apparatus
In this method of determining the dry density of in-situ soil, a core-cutter of known volume is driven into the soil by a rammer. The core-cutter is removed, trimmed and the soil obtained is weighed and dried for a moisture/density check.
100 mm diameter Core-CutterBS 1377
Ordering InformationEL29-5300 Core-Cutter. 100 mm inside diameter x 130 mm long, steel tube. Weight 1 kg.
EL29-5320 Driving Dolly for EL29-5300. Recessed to fit the core cutter. Weight 340 g. EL29-5340 Driving Rammer for use with EL29-5320. Comprises a steel rod, handle and base. Weight 13 kg.
Field Density Tools
Model no. Description Weight
EL29-5000 Density Spoon for removing soil from the hole
110 g
EL29-5020 Soft Headed Mallet 620 g
EL29-5060 Density Chisel, with hardened tip 750 g
EL29-5080 Metal Dibber Tool, for excavating hole
270 g
EL29-5120 Density Hand Pick for excavating in difficult ground
760 g
EL29-5140 Steel Pointed Rod, with wooden handle
250 g
EL29-4300 Sand Cone 6 inch
EL29-5300 Core-Cutter
Tel: +44 (0) 1525 249 200 u Fax: +44 (0) 1525 249 249 u Email: [email protected]