Soil Properties Carolina Medina Soil & Water Science Dept. University of Florida.
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Transcript of Soil Properties Carolina Medina Soil & Water Science Dept. University of Florida.
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Soil Properties
Carolina MedinaSoil & Water Science Dept.
University of Florida
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What is soil tilth?Physical condition of soil in relation to its suitability for growing a crop.
Factors that determine soil tilth:•Moisture Content•Degree of aeration•Rate of water infiltration •Humus Content
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Particle Size: sand, silt and clay
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Determination of Soil Texture
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Soil Texture Classification
30% clay
60% silt
10% sand
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Surface Area
384 cm3
1536 cm3
Surface area of a given mass increases as the particles become smaller
Sand Clay
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Porosity, Water Retention and Drainage
Sand Silt Clay
Combination of sand, silt and clay
H2O Retention= WRDrainage=D
WR
D
WR
D
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Soil Horizons
Click on graph for animation
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Soil Horizons• O horizon
- formed from organic litter• A horizon
- often high in organic matter• E horizon
- zone of eluviation (leaching)• B horizon
- zone of illuviation (accumulation)• C horizon
- parent material
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Soil Taxonomy
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Soil Order
•Highest hierarchical level to classify a soil. Based on soil forming processes.
•Links for more information:http://soils.ag.uidaho.edu/soilorders/http://soils.usda.gov/technical/soil_orders/
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What is soil survey?A soil survey: • Examines the physical and chemical properties
of the soils in a given area.• Classifies the soils according to Soil Taxonomy. • Plots the boundaries of the soils on a map. • Makes predictions/interpretations about the
behavior of soils.
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Web Soil Survey (WSS) http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/
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Soil Plant Nutrients• Primary Macronutrients
- N, P, K
• Secondary Macronutrients - Ca, Mg, S• Micronutrients - Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo, Cl• Non-mineral nutrients - C, O, H
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What is soil test? A soil test is a process by which elements
are chemically removed from the soil and measured for their "plant available" content within the sample.
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Why Soil Testing is important?
Nutrients from soil Nutrients from fertilizer
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The Nitrogen Cycle
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