Soil pollution
-
Upload
vivek-pathak -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.948 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Soil pollution
![Page 1: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SOIL POLLUTION & IT’S REMEDIESPrepared By:-
Vivek Pathak
![Page 2: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PLANET EARTH
Home to millions of species, including humans. Earthis the only place in the universe where life is known to
exist.
![Page 3: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Soil..??• Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic
materials that covers the Earth's rocky surface.
• Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that
have been altered by chemical and mechanical
processes that include weathering and erosion.
![Page 4: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• O Horizon – Organic matter
• A Horizon – Top soil
• B Horizon – Subsoil
• C Horizon – Parent Material
![Page 5: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tom McMillan
For 200 years we've been conquering Nature. Now we're beating it to death.
![Page 6: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SOIL POLLUTION• It is defined as the build-up in soils of
persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts,
radioactive materials, or disease causing
agents, which have adverse effects on plant
growth and animal health.
• Soil pollution is also caused by means other
than the direct addition of xenobiotic (man-
made) chemicals such as agricultural runoff
waters, industrial waste materials, acidic
precipitates, and radioactive fallout.
![Page 7: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Causes of Soil Pollution• Seepage from a landfill
• Discharge of industrial waste into the soil
• Percolation of contaminated water into the soil
• Rupture of underground storage tanks
• Excess application of pesticides, herbicides or
fertilizer
• Solid waste seepage
• Deforestation and Soil erosion
![Page 8: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Causes of Soil Pollution
![Page 9: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Excess application of pesticides etc.
Excess use & disposal of Plastics and polyethene wastes
![Page 10: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Industrial seepage
Solid waste seepage
![Page 11: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How Do We Use Our Land /Soil Today?We use our land today for several things such as:Farming, Mining, Recreation, Highways, Building Cities.
- When land is being used for houses, industries, roads, and businesses it is known as urban land. - Rural land is an area of few people and large open spaces of land. When land is being used for graze livestock and wildlife, it is known as range land. - We use land in three major ways; woods in forests, crops in farm, and mineral resources! Weather people live in rural or urban cities, we all depend on resources that are being produced in the rural areas.
-Resources being produced by natural andartificial ecosystems is known as ecosystem services. -Ecosystem Services: -aesthetic beauty - purification of water & air -regulation of climate -prevention of flood/drought -movement and cycling of nutrients -maintenance of biodiversity -detox wastes -decompose wastes
![Page 12: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The most common chemicals involved in causing soil pollution are:• Petroleum hydrocarbons
• Heavy metals
• Pesticides
• Solvents
![Page 13: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“The living sinners on deadly ground.” ― Toba Beta, My Ancestor Was an Ancient Astronaut
![Page 14: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Soil Pollution• Agricultural Soil Pollution
i) pollution of surface soil
ii) pollution of underground soil
• Soil pollution by industrial effluents and solid wastes
i) pollution of surface soil
ii) disturbances in soil profile
• Pollution due to urban activities
i) pollution of surface soil
ii) pollution of underground soil
![Page 15: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Agricultural Soil Pollution• Plants on which we depend for food are under attack from insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, rodents and other animals, and must compete with weeds for nutrients.
• To kill unwanted populations living in or on their crops, farmers use pesticides.
• The remnants of such pesticides used on pests may get adsorbed by the soil particles and contaminate root crops grown in that soil.
• The consumption of such crops causes the pesticides remnants to enter human biological systems, affecting them adversely.
![Page 16: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Agricultural effects:• Reduced soil fertility
• Reduced nitrogen fixation
• Increased erodibility
• Larger loss of soil and nutrients
• Deposition of silt in tanks and reservoirs
• Reduced crop yield
• Imbalance in soil fauna and flora
![Page 17: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Agricultural effects:
![Page 18: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Industrial Soil Pollution• Large quantity of solid wastes like unused and
rejected chemicals (like sludge, press mud, saw
dust, bottles, plastic materials etc.), unwanted
industrial wastes generated during manufacturing
processes are dumped over on the surface of soil by
almost all industries with difference in the degree.
• Larger the production base, larger is the generation
of wastes.
• Traditionally, these materials have been dumped
around the factory site or around the entire city.
Rarely, they are put to recycling or safe conversion.
![Page 19: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Industrial Soil Pollution
![Page 20: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Industrial effects:• Dangerous chemicals entering
underground water.
• Ecological imbalance.
• Release of pollutant gases.
• Increased salinity.
• Reduced vegetation.
![Page 21: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Industrial Effects:
Soil pollution due to industrial waste
Polluted land with dangerous chemicals
![Page 22: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Soil Pollution due to Urbanization• Urban activities generate large quantities of city
wastes including several Biodegradable materials
(like vegetables, animal wastes, papers, wooden
pieces, carcasses, plant twigs, leaves, cloth wastes
as well as sweepings) and many non-biodegradable
materials (such as plastic bags, plastic bottles,
plastic wastes, glass bottles, glass pieces, stone /
cement pieces).
• On a rough estimate Indian cities are producing solid
city wastes to the tune of 50,000 - 80,000 metric
tons every day.
• If left uncollected and decomposed, they are a cause
of several problems.
![Page 23: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The human race will be the cancer of the
planet.Julian Huxley
![Page 24: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Urbanization effects:• Clogging of drains
• Inundation of areas
• Public health problems
• Pollution of drinking water sources
• Foul smell and release of gases
• Waste management problems
![Page 25: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Urbanization effects:Contamination of soil due to
waste water
![Page 26: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Some more effects of soil pollution:• Pollution runs off into rivers and kills the fish, plants and
other aquatic life.
• Crops and fodder grown on polluted soil may pass the
pollutants on to the consumers.
• Polluted soil may no longer grow crops and fodder
• Soil structure is damaged (clay ionic structure impaired.)
• Corrosion of foundations and pipelines
• May release vapours and hydrocarbon into buildings and
cellars
• May create toxic dusts
• May poison children playing in the area
![Page 27: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bio magnification• Process in which certain non-biodegradable substances go on accumulating in the food-chain. The most common example is of methyl mercury in fish and mercury in eagles. Not only does bio magnification put the particular species at risk, it puts all the species above and below it at risk, and ultimately affects the food pyramid.
![Page 28: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Solid waste composition
![Page 29: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Solid waste management hierarchy
![Page 30: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Some more effects of soil pollution:
![Page 31: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Reason for Misuse of Natural Resourcesa)Commercial interests like trading in products out of natural resources.b) Ignorance on necessity to preserve natural resources.c) Deliberate negligence on destruction of natural resource.d) Entertainment / recreational / aesthetic interest.e) Extreme population pressure.f) Self interest of human beings over the interest to retain natural resources.g) International trade and commitments.h) Misuse of legislation. ….contd
![Page 32: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
i) Loop holes of provisions of law.j) Protracted legal process.k) Food interestl) Luxuries required for man.m) Increased industrial requirement.n) Improvement of standard of living, GDP, per capita income and purchasing power.o) Expectations of instantaneous returns.
![Page 33: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
What can be done?
![Page 34: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Methods to control Soil Pollution• Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.
• Recycling is another way to reduce and control soil
pollution. Recycling paper, plastics and other
materials reduces the volume of refuse in landfills,
another common cause of soil pollution.
• Reusing of materials
• De-forestation, the cutting down of trees, causes
erosion, pollution and the loss of fertility in the
topsoil. Planting trees--or re-forestation--helps
prevent soil erosion and pollution.
![Page 35: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Methods to control Soil Pollution• Weeds soak up minerals in the soil. Reducing weed
growth helps reduce soil pollution. One of the more
common methods of reducing weed growth is
covering the soil with numerous layers of wet
newspapers or a plastic sheet for several weeks
before cultivation. This prevents light from
reaching the weeds, which kills them.
• Designated pits should be used for the dumping of
soil wastes. These wastes should be treated
chemically and biologically to make them less
toxic and hazardous.
![Page 36: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
BioremediationA treatment process that uses microorganisms (yeast, fungi, or bacteria) to break down, or degrade, hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic substances (carbon dioxide and water)
![Page 37: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Methods to control Soil Pollution
![Page 38: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Disposal of Wastes• One of the ways of doing this is by separating dry and wet waste. Dry waste should be recycled or it can be burned. On the other hand, wet waste should be decomposed.
![Page 39: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Disposal of Wastes• This decomposed waste should be further dumped in pits so that it can be converted into compost and used for agriculture. When disposing of waste, the authorities should treat it with various kinds of chemicals, so that it has a very low level of toxicity.
![Page 40: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Recycling and Reuse
• People should buy and use products that have been recycled. For instance, plastic bags should be given up; instead, jute bags should be used. Reusing old items is another good way to reduce the stress on various resources. Clothes, paper, glass, everything should be recycled and reused, as far as possible.
![Page 41: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Biodegradable Products• People should buy biodegradable products. Go organic - that's the mantra for avoiding land pollution. Organic farming, lessening the use of pesticides, buying organic fruits and vegetables and other products, will keep land pollution in check.
![Page 42: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Grow More Trees• Initiative should be taken to grow more trees. Researches show that trees can actually fertilize the soil. This means that by growing trees, soil will become fertile, agriculture will get boosted and land pollution will greatly reduce.
![Page 43: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Efficient Use of Resources• There should be minimal wastage. There should be no littering. Oil and petrol should be used judiciously. So should all the other products and resources made from glass, plastic, metal and paper.
![Page 44: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Use organics productsBuy organics products, especially organic cleaners, pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers. The advantage of using organic products is that they are biodegradable and friendly to the environment.
![Page 45: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Proper Waste Management• Excessive littering is one of most common reasons for land
pollution.• Take initiative to inform others about the harmful effects of
littering.• Organic wastes must be disposed of in areas that are far from
human or animal habitation. Waste like plastic, metals, glass and paper must be recycled and reused.
• Find land far away from natural environments to dump wastes that cannot be disposed of and are essential to industrial processes.
![Page 46: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Improve fertility of the land by reforestingSoil in forested lands are far more fertile than soil without trees, suggesting that trees have the ability to fertilize land.
![Page 47: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Compost garden and kitchen waste
![Page 48: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Recycle everything.
![Page 49: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
When we heal the Earth, weheal ourselves.
-David Orr
![Page 50: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Compost garden and kitchen waste.
![Page 51: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Dispose of trash,properly.
![Page 52: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
"Treat the earth well: it was not given to you by your parents, it was loaned to you
by your children. We do not inherit the Earth from our Ancestors, we borrow it
from our Children."
Ancient Native Indian Proverb
![Page 54: Soil pollution](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081516/5562efedd8b42ad26c8b53f3/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Thank You