SOIL MECHANICS-1SOIL MECHANICS-1

PRESENTATION TOPICPRESENTATION TOPIC

DEEP FOUNDATIONSDEEP FOUNDATIONS

MEMBERSMEMBERS

O8-CE-29O8-CE-29

O8-CE-35O8-CE-35

O8-CE-115O8-CE-115

FOUNDATION FOUNDATION

The lowest artificially built The lowest artificially built part of a structure upon which part of a structure upon which it directly rests is called it directly rests is called foundation foundation

Total load is distributed Total load is distributed uniformly over a large area to uniformly over a large area to bring intensity of loading within bring intensity of loading within the safe bearing capacity of the safe bearing capacity of soilsoil

PURPOSEPURPOSE

Distributes the load at a uniform rate Distributes the load at a uniform rate over the surface to prevent unequal over the surface to prevent unequal settlementsettlement

Prevent the lateral movementPrevent the lateral movement Secure a level and firm bedSecure a level and firm bed Increase the stability of the structureIncrease the stability of the structure

FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF FACTORS FOR SELECTION OF FOUNDATIONFOUNDATION

Types and intensity of loads (live Types and intensity of loads (live load, dead load etc)load, dead load etc)

Nature and bearing of soil on which Nature and bearing of soil on which structure restsstructure rests

DEEP FOUNDATIONDEEP FOUNDATION

The structure which is constructed The structure which is constructed with some artificial arrangements with some artificial arrangements such as piles , wells etc. at their basesuch as piles , wells etc. at their base

TYPESTYPES

Pile foundationsPile foundations

PILE FOUNDATIONPILE FOUNDATION

A foundation A foundation which is which is supported on supported on pilespiles

Piles distribute Piles distribute the load either the load either by friction or by friction or by friction by friction combined with combined with bearing at endbearing at end

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Used whereUsed where Soil is soft and hard strata is far Soil is soft and hard strata is far

below the groundbelow the ground Shallow foundation is expensiveShallow foundation is expensive High buildings and concentrated High buildings and concentrated

loadsloads Buildings along seashore and river Buildings along seashore and river

bedbed

TYPES OF PILESTYPES OF PILES

1.1. BearingBearing

2.2. FrictionFriction

3.3. Friction and bearingFriction and bearing

4.4. Batter Batter

5.5. GuideGuide

6.6. SheetSheet

BEARING PILESBEARING PILES

Rest on hard strata and act as columns Rest on hard strata and act as columns to bear load of the structureto bear load of the structure

Application:Application:

1.1. To bear vertical loadsTo bear vertical loads

2.2. Where hard stratum is easily Where hard stratum is easily approachable approachable

FRICTION PILESFRICTION PILES

Bear loads on account of Bear loads on account of frictional resistance frictional resistance between their outer between their outer surface and soil in contactsurface and soil in contact

Application:Application:

Soil is soft and hard strata Soil is soft and hard strata unavailable upto unavailable upto considerable depthconsiderable depth

FRICTION & BEARINGFRICTION & BEARING Rest on soft strata Rest on soft strata

and resist load and resist load partly by bearing partly by bearing and partly by frictionand partly by friction

Application:Application: WhereWhere bearing bearing

capacity of soil capacity of soil under piles is not under piles is not sufficient to resist sufficient to resist loadload

BATTER PILESBATTER PILES

Driven at an Driven at an inclination to resist inclination to resist inclined loadsinclined loads

Application:Application:

In retaining walls & In retaining walls & abutments etc to abutments etc to resist lateral resist lateral forcesforces

GUIDE PILESGUIDE PILES

Application:Application: In the formation of In the formation of

coffer damscoffer dams Temporarily Temporarily

constructed for constructed for foundations under foundations under waterwater

SHEET PILESSHEET PILES

Thin sheets driven into Thin sheets driven into the ground to enclose the ground to enclose an areaan area

Application:Application:

Are not required to Are not required to carry loads but to carry loads but to enclose soil and enclose soil and prevent leakage of prevent leakage of soft materialsoft material

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONMETHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

Drop hammer Drop hammer methodmethod

Steam hammer Steam hammer method method

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONMETHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

BoringBoring

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONMETHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

ScrewingScrewing

Water jetWater jet

THANKSTHANKS