Soil formation-processes
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Transcript of Soil formation-processes
![Page 1: Soil formation-processes](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061219/54b85c854a795966478b457b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How do soils form?
Processes
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4 basic processes in the soil
ADDITIONS
LOSSES
TRANSLOCATIONS
TRANSFORMATIONS
(MOVEMENT WITHIN THE SOIL)
(ONE COMPONENT CHANGES TO ANOTHER)
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ADDITIONS
Rain adds WATER. Dust adds MINERALS.
Animal waste add ORGANIC MATTER and NUTRIENTS. Humans add FERTILIZER.
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LOSSES
WATER evaporates into the air. Soil particles WASH AWAY in
storms. ORGANIC MATTER may compose into carbon dioxide.NUTRIENTS and MINERALS leach into groundwater or are taken up by plants.
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TRANSLOCATIONSMOVEMENT WITHIN THE SOIL
GRAVITY pull WATER down from top to bottom.EVAPORATING WATER draws minerals up from bottom to topORGANISMS carry materials every direction.
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TRANSFORMATIONS
Dead leaves decompose into HUMUS.Hard rock WEATHERS into soft
clayOxygen REACTS with iron, “rusting” the soil into a reddish color.
(ONE COMPONENT CHANGES TO ANOTHER)
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The older a soil gets, the more different it looks from its parent material. Soil is always changing – minerals, water, air, organic matter and organisms – always change.
Looks Change With Age
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A - topsoilE-Eluviated
B- Subsoil
C-Parent Material
R- Bedrock
0 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000AGE IN YEARS
A soil profile is like a snap-shot, capturing what the soil looks like NOW. In the PAST, soil looked different, and in the FUTURE, it will look different then it does now.
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Vocabulary
• Transform• Weathering• Decompose • Leaching• Minerals
• Organic Matter• Organisms• Developed Soil • Humus• Bedrock
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Vocabulary
• Additions• Losses• Translocation