Soil and Practice Effects
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Transcript of Soil and Practice Effects
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Soil and Practice Effects
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Soil Loss, tons/acre
Practice
34% Sand
58% Sand
75% Sand
Bare
Mulch+ Grass
SiltFence
SedimentTrap
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Ground Covers: Protect From Droplets
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Mulch Doesn’t Work In Ditches
Mulch piled up atrock check dam.
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Erosion – Even on Flat, Sandy Sites!
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Soft Armor for Gentle Slopes
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Hard Armor for Steep Slopes
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Stream Buffer
Crop Field
Field Runoff: Bypass Through Buffer
Bypass In Ditch
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Stream Buffer Spreader
Crop Field
Sheet Flow
Field Runoff: Spread Across Buffer For Treatment
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Silt Fence: Works but Needs Maintenance!
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Dissipated Flow Deposits Sediment
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Backfill
Sediment controlfabric
2 ft.
2ft. rebar 3 -5
in.
1.5-in PVC pipe
Level Spreaders Can Dissipate Flow: Example
FlowLevel & On Contour
R.A. McLaughlin NCSU Soil Science
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Simple Math for Sedimentation
V=((4/3)pi(r3)*(d1-d2)*g)/(2pirz3) OR…larger particles fall faster once
flow is slowed/stopped.
R.A. McLaughlin NCSU Soil Science
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Sedimentation: Size Matters
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Size (mm)
Set
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Fine sand
Silt
Coarse Clay
R.A. McLaughlin NCSU Soil Science
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Sediment Trap (full)
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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Sediment Deposit at Basin Inlet
NCSU Soil ScienceR. A. McLaughlin
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In Conclusion... Sediment is the #1 cause of surface water
degradation. Soil has to become detached to erode:
cover it up! Water always gathers and becomes more
erosive: protect those waterways! Slow water holds less sediment than fast
water: keep the flows low and ponded wherever possible!
R.A. McLaughlin NCSU Soil Science