ENVIRONMENTAL COMPANY OF SAO PAULO STATE – CETESB

REGIONAL CENTRE OF STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPs FORLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION

V INTERNATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM ON ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND MANAGEMENT ON CHEMICALS AND WASTES, ESPECIALLY ON PERSISTENT

ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) AND MERCURY (Hg)

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN SÃO PAULO STATE

Eng Alfredo Rocca2016

Sao Paulo – SP – Brazil

SÃO PAULO STATE, INCLUDING 645 MUNICIPALITIES, IS THE MAJOR INDUSTRIALAND ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE OF BRAZILIAN ECONOMY. THE STATE ALONE ISRESPONSIBLE FOR ABOUT 40% OF BRAZILIAN GDP, BEING THE HIGHEST GDP INTHE COUNTRY.

WITH 44,035,304 INHABITANTS IN 2014, SÃO PAULO IS THE MOST POPULOUS STATEIN BRAZIL.

SÃO PAULO METROPOLITAN AREA, INCLUDING 39 MUNICIPALITIES AROUND THECAPITAL CITY OF SÃO PAULO, COUPLED WITH OTHER NEARBY METROPOLITANREGIONS, SUCH AS CAMPINAS, PARAIBA VALLEY AND BAIXADA SANTISTA, FORMTHE SO CALLED MACRO METROPOLIS PAULISTA, WITH A POPULATION THATEXEEDS 29 MILLION INHABITANTS.

BRAZIL

SOUTHAMERICA

SÃO PAULOSTATE

CAMPINAS PARAIBA VALLEY

BAIXADA SANTISTA

SÃO PAULO

SOIL

• THE SOIL IS A COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTITUINT,COMPOSED BY SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES. IT ALSO INCLUDESORGANIC MATTER AND MICROORGANISMS.

• IN THE SUBSOIL OCCURS GROUNDWATER, STRATEGICALRESOURSE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.

• THE SOIL PLAYS AN IMPORTANT RULE ON TERRESTRIALECOSSYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY, ANIMAL SURVIVAL AND HUMANDEVELOPMENT.

• IT IS SOURCE OF NATURAL RESOURSES, SUBSTRATE FORAGRICULTURE, BASIS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND WASTERECEPTACLE.

• ITS QUALITY MUST BE PRESERVED.

EARTH EVOLUTION

CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL

SUBSOIL PROFILE

SOIL IS COMPOSED BY:

• SAND;

• SILT AND

• CLAY

SAND, SILT AND CLAY

SOIL GRANULOMÉTRICAL CLASSIFICATION

SOIL PERMEABILITY

FIGURA 6 - CARACTERÍSTICAS DE PERMEABILIDADE E DRENAGEM DOS SOLOS .

TIPO DE SOLO

DRENAGEM

BOA

COEFICIENTE DE PERMEABILIDADE K (cm/s)(ESCALA LOGARíTMICA)

MÁ PRATICAMENTE IMPERMEÁVEL

Brita limpa

Areia limpa, areia misturada com brita

Areia muito fina , siltes orgânicos e inorgânicos , mistura de silte arenoso e argila , morenas glaciais , depósitos de argila estratificada etc.

Solo impermeável modificado por efeito da vegetaçãoe do intemperismo

Teste direto do solo na sua posição original . Teste de bombeamento . Digno de confiança se conduzidoadequadamente .Considerável experiência é necessária .

Permeâmetro de carga constante . Pequena experiênca é necessária .

Permeâmetro de carga variável . Pequena experiência é necessária .

Permeâmetro de carga variável .Pouco confiável .Grande experiência é necessária .

Fonte: Rocca , A. C. C. Et al, Resíduos Sólidos Industriais , CETESB, 1993

Permeâmetro de carga variável .Razoavelmente confiável .É necessária considerável experiência .

Cálculos baseados nos resultadosde teste de consolidação . É necessária considerável experiência .

Cálculos baseados na distribuição granulométrica.Aplicável somente para areias limpas e não coesivas e brita.

Solo impermeável , por exemplo argilahomogênea abaixo da zona de intemperismo

DET.DIRETA DE K

DET.INDIRETA DE K

103 102 10 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9

GROUNDWATER

AQUIFERS

GEOLOGICAL PROFILE

GEOLÓGICAL MAP OF RIBEIRÃO PRETO

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SÃO PAULO METROPOLITAN REGION

THE AQUIFER CONTAMINATION DEPENDS ON:

- CONSTITUTION;

- HIDRAULICAL CONDUCTIVITY;

- ATENUATION CAPACITY;

- POLLUTION CHARGE INTENSITY;

- POLLUTION CHARGE DURATION;- MOBILITY AND PERSISTENCE OF

CONTAMINANTS;

SOIL CONTAMINATION

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING AGRICULTURALAND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND DOMESTICWASTE GENERATION, INTRODUCES POLLUTANTSTO THE SOIL.

• A CONTAMINATED SITE IS UNDERSTOOD AS APLACE WERE THERE IS SOIL OR GROUNDWATERCONTAMINATION

– CAUSED BY THE INTRODUTION OF CONTAMINANTS;

– THAT REPRESENTS A RISK TO ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANHEALTH .

•

CONSEQUENCES

THIS POLLUTANTS MAY REMAIN IN THE SITE WERE PRIMARYSOURCES ARE PLACED OR MIGRATE TO AIR AND GROUNDWATER

• ALTERING ITS QUALITY;

• CAUSING NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND RISKS TO ENVIRONMENT ANDHUMAN HEALTH;

• TURNING SOIL UNSUITABLE FOR ITS USES:

– ECOSSYSTEMS SUSTAINABILITY;

– ANIMAL SURVIVAL AND

– HUMAN SOCIETY.

SOIL CONTAMINATION

CONTAMINANT ATENUATION IN THE SOIL AND GROUNDWATER

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

GROUNWATER CONTAMINATION

HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RISKS

MAIN SOURCES OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER POLLUTION

• INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES (CHEMICALS, EFLUENTS AND WASTES);

• STORAGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICALS, EFLUENTS AND WASTES;

• MINING;

• AGRICULTURE;

• FUEL FACILITIES.

CONTAMINATED SITES

WASTE OPEN DUMPINGDRUMS

WASTE LAGOONS MINING

CONTAMINATED SITES DAMAGES ENVIRONMENT AND MAKES PROPETIES UNSUITABLE FOR HUMAN USE

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL

CETESB, SÃO PAULO STATEENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY ACTS IN TWO LINES:

n PREVENTIVE AND

n CORRECTIVE

BASIC TOOLS FOR CONTAMINATED SITES PREVENTION AND CONTROL

• LEGISLATION;

•SOIL USE PLANNING;

•POLUTION PREVENTION AND WASTE MINIMIZATION INCENTIVES;

•LICENCING, CONDITIONING AND FISCALIZATION OF POLLUTANT SOURCES;

•ESTABLISHMENT OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER GUIDED VALUES;

• ESTABLISHMENT OF CONTAMINATED SITES MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS;

• TECHNICAL MANUAL FOR ALL STEPS OF CONTAMINATED SITE MANAGEMENT.

FEDERAL LEGISLATION

•Art 225 of Constitution - encumber public power and collectivity to preserve environment ecologically balanced for future generations;

•Art 170 of Constitution - establish the social function of property and the environmental protection need;

• Federal Law 9.605/98 -environmental pollution and public health damage is considered a crime;

• Federal Law 6.938/81 - establish the National Environmental Protection Policy and the principle of the polluter payer;

• CONAMA Resolution 273/00 - establish the necessity of gas stations environmental licensing and site rehabilitation;

•CONAMA Resolution 420/09 - establish soil and groundwater guided values and contaminated sites management procedures.

SÃO PAULO STATE LEGISLATION

•State Constitution - encumber public power, private companies andcollectivity to keep and improve environmental quality, preventingdegradation, avoiding negative impacts and keeping environmentecologically balanced for future generations;

• State Law n° 997/1976, establish environmental protection and controlsystem in São Paulo State;

•Law 13577/2009 - establish soil and groundwater guided values andguidelines for contaminated sites management in São Paulo State and createa financial fund to support investigation assessment and rehabilitation ofcontaminated sites;

• Decree 59.263/2013 – Regulates Law 13577/2009 .

-

SHELL PAULINIA-CISP

TOOLS FOR SOIL USE PLANNING AND POLLUTION CONTROL

• SATELITE IMAGES;• AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIES;• GEOLÓGICAL MAPS;• TOPOGRÁFICAL MAPS;• TEMATICAL MAPS:

– VEGETAL COVER;– EROSION;– PROTECTED AREAS.

SATÉLITE IMAGES

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIE

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIE

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

GEOLOGICAL MAP

GEOLOGICAL MAP

GEOLOGICAL MAP

ENVIRONMENTALLICENCING AND SOIL

POLLUTION PREVENTION

NEW ENTERPRISES

• IT IS ASKED ALL NECESSARY MEASURES TOPREVENT CONTAMINATION;

• IT IS ASKED SOIL AND GROUNDWATERQUALIT MONITORING AND CONTROL.

CHEMICAL STORAGE

EFLUENT TREATMENT

LANDFILLS

GROUNDWATER MONITORING

47

GROUNDWATER MONITORING

LICENCING IN CONTAMINATED SITES

• POSSIBLE AFTER DETAILED INVESTIGATION, RISKASSESMENT AND REMEDIATION;

• THE LICENSED ACTIVITIES CANNOT INTERFERE INREMEDIATION;

• PEOPLE CANNOT BE SUBMITED TO RISKS IN THELICENSED ACTIVITIES.

• INTERFERENCE IN THE REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SITE

• INTERFERENCE OF CONTAMINATION IN THE LICENSED ACTIVITY

POLLUTION MONITORING OF CHEMICAL, EFLUENT AND WASTE STORAGE, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL

-;

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER GUIDED VALUES

REFERENCE

OF

NATURAL

QUALITY

R P

POLLUTION

PREVENTION(LACK OF

FUNCIONALITY)

I

INTERVENTION( HUMAN HEALTH RISK

LEVEL)

SOIL AND GROUNDWATER GUIDED VALUES

“Estabelecimento de Valores Orientadores para Solos eÁguas Subterrâneas no Estado de São Paulo”

(DD 330/2014/E/C/I/CETESB, 2014)

www.cetesb.sp.gov.br

MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED SITES AT SÃO PAULO STATE

• Eng. Alfredo Rocca• São Paulo State Environmental Protection Agency

CONTAMINATED SITES

SITE WITH SOIL OR GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

CAUSED BY CHEMICALS / WASTES DEPOSITION OR INFILTRATION

PLANNED OR ACCIDENTALLY

CONTAMINATED SITES MANAGEMENT AT CETESB

CETESB HAVE BEEN MANAGING CONTAMINATED

SITES IN SÃO PAULO STATE SINCE 1980, WHEN IT

HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED 6 RHODIA CONTAMINATED

SITES WITH CHLORINATED SOLVENTS, INCLUDING

HEXACHLOROBENZENE, IN BAIXADA SANTISTA

CONTAMINATED SITES FRAMEWORK IN SÃO PAULO STATE

•SOIL AND GROUNDWATER GUIDED VALUES;

•MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES;

•TECHNICAL MANUAL;

•OFICIAL CADASTER AND REGISTRY;

CONTAMINATEDSITES

MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

IN SÃO PAULO

STATE

Processo deidentificação de ACs

Definição da região deinteresse

Identificação de áreascom potencial de

contaminação

Cadastro de ACs

Priorização 1

Avaliação preliminar

Classificação 2

Classificação 3

Investigaçãoconfirmatória

Priorização 2

Exclusão

Exclusão

Processo dereabilitação de ACs

Investigaçãodetalhada

Avaliação de risco

Concepção daremediação

Remediaç ão da AC

Classificação 1

Exclusão

Monitoramento

Projeto de remediação

AP

AS

AC

AP áreas com potencial de contaminação.

AS áreas suspeitas de contaminação.

AC áreas contaminadas.

Exclusão áreas excluídas do cadastro de áreas contaminadas.

AI

AR

AI áreas contaminadas sob investigação.

áreas reabilitadas para o uso declarado.

AR

AMR

AMR áreas em processo de monitoramento para reabilitação.

CONTAMINATED SITES MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

IN SÃO PAULO STATE

•“Manual de Gerenciamento de ÁreasContaminadas” (CETESB, 2001);

•“Procedimentos Para o Gerenciamento deÁreas Contaminadas no Estado de São Paulo”(DD 103/2007/C/E/CETESB, 2007).

www.cetesb.sp.gov.br

CONTAMINATED SITES IN SÃO PAULO STATE

“Relação de Áreas Contaminadas” no Estadode São Paulo” (CETESB, December 2014)

www.cetesb.sp.gov.br

CONTAMINATED SITES IN SÃO PAULO STATE

• 5.148 CONTAMINATED SITES IDENTIFIED UP TO DECEMBER/2014;

•1.659 UNDER INVESTIGATION (32%);

• 1.635 WITH INTERVENTION UNDER DEVELOPMENT (32%);

• 1.854 REHABILITATED FOR THE USE DECLARED BY THE LEGAL RESPONSIBLE PART (36%).

CONTAMINATED SITES IN SÃO PAULO STATE

LOCATION OFACTIVITIES WITHPOTENTIAL FORSOIL ANDGROUNDWATERCONTAMINATION

LOCATION OF CONTAMINATED SITES IDENTIFIED

ACUMULADORES AJAX - BAURU

-

INDUSTRIAL SITE OF SHELL PAULINIA -CISP

500 m500 mPoços não licenciados: 10Poços não licenciados: 10

N

SP Market(Shopping)

Cnaga

Avon

Baxter

UnipacMWM

Viena

Refugiu’s(Hotel)

Ergomat

Fibra

Ferlex

Auto-PostoSucesso

Projeto 1Fiat

Multimix

Poços licenciados: 14Poços licenciados: 14

JURUBATUBA DISTRICT IN SÃO PAULO

MANTOVANI INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL

PINHEIROS INCINERATOR

CONTAMINATED SITES MANAGEMENT IN SÃO PAULO STATE

TENDENCES AND NECESSITIES

•INTEGRATED APROACH WITH FEDERAL AND MUNICIPAL LEVELS;

•DEVELOPMENT AND QUALIFICATION OF CONSULTANCY AND REMEDIATION COMPANIES;

•FINANCIAL FUND.

BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT IN SÃO PAULO STATE

• There is not a policy in the state;• São Paulo City Council has a program and

several cases are going on, but very slowly mainly due to:

• Lack of tradition and culture;• Brownfields are generaly in areas without real estate

interest and public power is not able to change this picture;• Investors are affraid of future liabilities;• People are affraid of living in contaminated sites;• Management based in risk assessment in not well known

and accepted;