Soil and Boring reports

8/12/2019 Soil and Boring reports

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Understanding Soils andUnderstanding Soils and

Dr. Norman HummelDr. Norman Hummel

(www.turfdoctor.com)(www.turfdoctor.com)


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oa s:oa s:

Participants will have a betterParticipants will have a betterunderstandin of soil borin re orts soilunderstandin of soil borin re orts soiltesting and soil test reports.testing and soil test reports.

,,understand, and use soil test reports.understand, and use soil test reports.


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en s xp ora ory or seen s xp ora ory or se

New ConstructionNew Construction

soil profile prior to constructionsoil profile prior to construction

Ma rovide direction for desi n andMa rovide direction for desi n andconstruction.construction.

Existin FieldsExistin Fields

Diagnose soil problems in existing fieldsDiagnose soil problems in existing fields


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n orma on ougn orma on oug

Impenetrable layersImpenetrable layers

Depth to ground waterDepth to ground water

Soil types presentSoil types present

an t e reuse , mo e , or a mportean t e reuse , mo e , or a mporte

Permeability to waterPermeability to water


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Sam lin MethodsSam lin Methods --PreconstructionPreconstruction

Soil AugersSoil Augers

sample tubessample tubes

equipmentequipment


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Sampling MethodsSampling Methods ExistingExistingFieldsFields


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The unconsolidated mineral orThe unconsolidated mineral or

surface of the earth that serves assurface of the earth that serves as

of land plants.of land plants.


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SOILSOIL

-- Has been subjected to andHas been subjected to and

environmental factors of climateenvironmental factors of climate

micro and macroorganisms,micro and macroorganisms,conditioned b relief actin onconditioned b relief actin onparent material over a period ofparent material over a period oftime.time.


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roper es o o sroper es o o s

ChemicalBiological

Physical


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o ys ca roper eso ys ca roper es

TextureTexture StructureStructure

DensityDensity

Soil waterSoil water

Unsaturated hydraulic conductivityUnsaturated hydraulic conductivity

W r n n w r r n i n h r ri iW r n n w r r n i n h r ri i


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o ex ureo ex ure

Division of soil particles according to size:Division of soil particles according to size:sand, silt, clay.sand, silt, clay.

Textural classes determined by percentageTextural classes determined by percentage

of each.of each. Influences physical properties of the soil:Influences physical properties of the soil:

porosity, pore space distribution,porosity, pore space distribution,

compressibility, and drainagecompressibility, and drainagecharacteristics.characteristics.


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o ass ca on ys emso ass ca on ys ems

Unified Soil Classification SystemUnified Soil Classification System

Textural analysis, plasticity indexTextural analysis, plasticity index

ASTM D2488, visual basedASTM D2488, visual based

se pr mar y or eng neer ng purposesse pr mar y or eng neer ng purposesVery comprehensive, definitiveVery comprehensive, definitive


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LLLL liquid limitliquid limitCLCL Sandy lean claySandy lean clay

MLML -- gravelly silt with sandgravelly silt with sandan co esan co es


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eveseves

Sieve Number Sieve Size

#4 4.75 mm Coarser is gravel

.

#16 1.19 mm

#30 0.6 mm#50 0.3 mm

#100 0.15 mm

#200 0.075 mm Separates sand from silt

and clay


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Soil Classification S stemsSoil Classification S stems --USDAUSDA

12 soil textural classes12 soil textural classes

soils.soils.


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eveseves

Sieve Number Sieve Size

#10 2 mm Coarser is gravel

#35 0.5 mm

#60 0.25 mm#140 0.1 mm

#270 0.05 mm Separates sand from siltand clay


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Can we amend soils toCan we amend soils to

Yes!Yes!


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Considerations in Amendin SoilsConsiderations in Amendin Soilswith Sandwith Sand

Sand particle size distributionSand particle size distribution

Composition of sand (calcareous vs. silica)Composition of sand (calcareous vs. silica)

an par c e s apean par c e s ape


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RecommendationsRecommendations Based onBased onOhio State ResearchOhio State Research

ASTM CASTM C--33 concrete sand with Cu33 concrete sand with Cu


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-- oncre e anoncre e an

Sand SizeSand Size % Passing% Passing

2.36 mm (No. 8)2.36 mm (No. 8) 8080 100%100%

. mm o.. mm o.

0.60 mm (No. 30)0.60 mm (No. 30) 2525 30%30%

0.30 mm (No. 50)0.30 mm (No. 50) 55 30%30%


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o u ens yo u ens y

Unit weight of dry soil (g/cc,Unit weight of dry soil (g/cc, pcfpcf))

higher than fine textured soils.higher than fine textured soils.

. .

Directly related to porosity. DirectlyDirectly related to porosity. Directly

a ec s ra nage.a ec s ra nage. Reported in lb/cu ft or g/cc.Reported in lb/cu ft or g/cc.

Conversion (g/cc x 62.4 = lb./cu. ft.)Conversion (g/cc x 62.4 = lb./cu. ft.)


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o u ens eso u ens es

Sandy soilsSandy soils 1.4 to 1.7 g/cc1.4 to 1.7 g/cc . .. .

Also heavily influenced by organic contentAlso heavily influenced by organic content

o w a s ense compac eo w a s ense compac e


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roc or es ngroc or es ng


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96

95

95.5

/cu

ft

94.5

i

t

lb

93.5D

en

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%


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Moisture Density Relationsh ip o f Sand Based Structural Soil (Lab ID No.

-

107.5

107

.ft.)

106

it

y

(lb

/c

105

.

D

en

s

104.50% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%


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er es arame erser es arame ers

Saturated Hydraulic ConductivitySaturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Air filledAir filled

DensityDensity


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Saturated H draulic ConductivitSaturated H draulic Conductivit(Infiltration rate)(Infiltration rate) rate at which soilrate at which soil

core conducts water.core conducts water.


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P r iP r i v i xi in w n n nv i xi in w n n nsoil particles, or within soil aggregates.soil particles, or within soil aggregates.

Macro orosit aerationMacro orosit aeration lar er oreslar er oresthat conduct water under saturatedthat conduct water under saturated

conditions filled with air when evacuated.conditions filled with air when evacuated. Microporosity (capillary)Microporosity (capillary) smaller poressmaller pores

forces.forces.


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rgan c a errgan c a er

Increases soil cation exchange capacityIncreases soil cation exchange capacity

Increases microbial o ulations andIncreases microbial o ulations andactivityactivity

Im roves soil h sical conditionsIm roves soil h sical conditions Lower density, increased porosityLower density, increased porosity

Im roved structureIm roved structure

Increased infiltrationIncreased infiltration Increased water holding capacityIncreased water holding capacity


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ompos ua y or men ng o sompos ua y or men ng o s

Solvita Maturity Index 5 to 8Solvita Maturity Index 5 to 8

Meet EPA or state guidelinesMeet EPA or state guidelines

o < .o < .


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Sample soil to be used asSample soil to be used asto soil onto soil on--site, stock ilesite, stock ile

Use lab you are familiarUse lab you are familiarwith.with.

Use a t at provi esUse a t at provi esrecommendationsrecommendations

Chemical TestinChemical Testin WhatsWhats


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Chemical TestinChemical Testin What sWhat sImportantImportant

pH, pH bufferpH, pH buffer,,

Calcium, magnesium, sodiumCalcium, magnesium, sodium

cronu r en scronu r en s

Nitrogen?Nitrogen?


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