ESPEK RESEARCH & ADVISORY

SERVICES (ERAS)

PRESENT BY:NOOR SYAFIQAH

BINTI HABDUL LATIF

SOIL ANALYSIS

INTERNSHIP REPORTWeeks Report

Week 1 - 2 : Fertilizer analysis [compound – CHB, baja kilang – R3Z, AJIB CRF, R1(WSP), R4, BOE analysis]

: Particles size, moisture: Washing

Week 3 - 5 : Soil analysis [soil registration, sample preparation, bases, pH, total P, available P, dry moisture, trace element, preparation of standard & reagents, UV-VIS spectrometry]

: Soil analysis[cation exchange capacity (CEC), bases, wet moisture, soil sample preparation, total P, available P, UV-VIS spectrometry]

• Soil analysis is a set of various chemical processes that determine the amount of available plant nutrients in the soil, but also the chemical, physical and biological soil properties important for plant nutrition, or "soil health".

What is soil analysis?

To determine the level of

availability of nutrients

To predict the fertility of the

soil

To evaluate the status of each nutrient

element

Purpose of soil analysis

13 elements that being analyzed in soil laboratory

Potassium(K)Magnesium

(Mg)

Sodium

(Na)pH

Calcium (Ca)

Moisture

Available phosphorus(Ap)

Ferum

(Fe)

Zinc

(Zn)

Total phosphorus(Tp)

Copper (Cu)

Nitrogen (N)

Cation exchange capacity

(CEC)

Analysis of soil1. Sampling/preparation

2. Determine the pH3. Determine the moisture sample

4. Leaching & Cation Exchange Capacity(CEC)5. Total phosphorus

6. Available phosphorus7. Total nitrogen,organic carbon & sulphur

8. Mechanical analysis9. Trace element analysis

METHODOLOGY

1) Registratio

n

2) Drying

3) Crushing

and sieving

4)Weighing

5) Analyzing

Registration• The soil samples

received.

• The quantity of samples were checked.

• The soil samples were

registered and put on the labelled box to dry

it out.

Drying

• After being registered, the soil samples were dried out at a well air-ventilation.

Crushing and sieving

Weighing

Trace element:10 g of

sample (100 mL plastic

vial) pH:20 g of

sample (100 mL plastic

vial)

Moisture:10 g of sample

(petri dish)

Available P:2 g of

sample (50 mL plastic

vial)

Total P:1 g of

sample (digestion

tube)

Bases:10 g of

sample (50 mL plastic

vial)

Mechanical analysis:10 g of

sample & 6 g sodium

hemametaphosphate

Analyzing-total phosphorus(TP)

Preparation of standard (KH2PO4):• How to prepare 1000ppm?

1) 10 g of KH2PO4 was put into an oven at 105°C and left overnight.

2) KH2PO4 was cooled down in dessicator.

3) Weighing(to prepare 1000ppm in 1 L volumetric flask) .

• Atomic weight of KH2PO4=30.9738• Molecular weight of KH2PO4=136.09g/mol• 30.9738 =136.09• 1 =(1/30.9738)x136.09

=14.3937 g (1000 ppm)

• From 1000 ppm is diluted to 100 ppm & from 100 ppm is diluted to 10 ppm

• From 10 ppm are diluted to 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 & 1.0 ppm in 100 mL volumetric flask:

• M1V1 = M2V2• (10)V1 = (1.0)(100) = 10 mL

Preparation of reagents:a) Digestion mixture:

Add to known volume of 60% perchloric acid an equal volume concentrated sulphuric acid. Cool the mixture to room temperature.

b) Reagent A:Dissolve 12 g ammonium molybdate in water and add 148 mL conc. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4).Dissolve 0.2908 g potassium antimony in water and add to the above solution.

c) Reagent B:Dissolve 1.32 g ascorbic acid to every 250 mL reagent A used.

• Ammonium molybdate and potassium antimony react in acid medium with othophosphate to form a heteropoly acid (phosphomolybdic acid) that is reduced to in tensely colored molybdanum blue by ascorbic acid.

1 g of sample was weighed

The samples were digested

6 mL of HClO4 + H2SO4 was

added

The sample was transferred into a

digestion tube

Procedures

Distilled water was added

The sample solution was

shook

The tube was mark up with distilled

water

The samples were filtrated

Distilled water was added

8 mL reagent B was added

The samples were run by UV-VIS spectrometer

Mark up with distilled water

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

f(x) = 0.247999999999999 x + 0.543000000000001

Linear regression of standard P

Concentration (ppm)

Abso

rban

ce

Data and calculation

• y = mx+ c• y = 0.248x +

0.543• X = (y-c)/m

• Eg: BLK TP• X = (0.5373-

0.543)/0.248• X = -0.02298

1st dilution = 100/1 =1002nd dilution = 50/5 = 53rd dilution = 1Concentration of TP = concentration(ppm) x 1st dilut. X 2nd dilut. X 3rd dilut.

= -0.023 x 100 x 10 x 1 = -23

• Soil analysis is very important in order to determine whether

the soil is in well condition which is in a very good fertility

for plantation.• From this analysis, element consists by soil can be identify

and future planning can be well plan.

Conclusion