Sogang University ICC Lab Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems.
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Transcript of Sogang University ICC Lab Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems.
Sogang University ICC Lab
Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems
Sogang University ICC Lab.2
Reading Materials
Reference book and papers :
Wireless mesh networking : architectures, protocols and standards edited by Yan Zhang, Jijun Luo, Honglin Hu. - Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2007.
Wireless mesh networks/ Gilbert Held - Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2005.
무선센서네트워크기술 : 저자 : 이상학 , 정태충 경희대학교출판국 ( 구 ) 경희서적센터
Related papers mesh-servey.pdf, sensor-survey.pdf
Sogang University ICC Lab.3
Presentation Outline
What Is A Wireless Cellular/Mobile Network? How Does It Work? What About Ad hoc Network? What are the impact of Wireless Sensor
Networks? What are the impact of Wireless Mesh
Networks? Future Directions?
Sogang University ICC Lab.4
Cell (Mobile) Phone
As soon as the airplane’s door is opened, you can switch on the cell phone and you are connected….
Beacon Signals
Hello Message
Cellular Service Base Station
Cell Phone contacts the nearest Base Station and registers itself to get service.
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Classical Mail Forwarding Technique?
Post Office in Seoul
Post Office in Pusan
Mail from the world
SeoulPusan
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What is a cell?
Illustration of a cell with a mobile station and a base station
BS
MS
CellMS
Alternative shape of a cell
Ideal cell area (5-20 km radius)
Hexagonal cell area used in most models
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Universal Cell Phone Coverage
Maintaining the telephone number across geographical areas in a wireless and mobile system
Microwave Tower
Cell Incheon-Seoul
Sogang Univ.
Sogang University ICC Lab.8
PSTN
Home phone
BSC
…
… …BSC
…
BSC
…
BSC
…
BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BS MS BSMS BSMS BS MS
MSC … MSC
Essential functional components of a Cellular Infrastructure
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PSTN
MS
HomeMobile
Switching Center
HLR Home network
Visitingarea
Caller
VisitingMobile
Switching Center
VLR
MS
1
Location update request Using Becon Signals
Update location Info. sent to HLR
2
Automatic Location Update
Seoul
Pusan
Sogang University ICC Lab.10
PSTN
MS
homeMobile
Switching Center
HLR Home Network
VisitingArea
Caller
Mobile Switching
Center
VLR
Automatic Call Forwarding using HLR-VLR
1 Call sent to home location
2Home MSC checksHLR; gets current location of MSin visiting area
3
Home MSC forwards call to visiting MSC
4
MSC in visiting area sendscall to BS and connects MS
Pusan
Seoul
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What Are Recent Advances?
Source: Palm, Dell, Nokia, Sharp, Phillips, and Motorola Web Sites
Blueberry: Bluetooth enabled Blackberry
PTT for
SMS
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WiMAX: Worldwide Wide Area Interoperable Access
Devices to be available by 2006, Source: www.intel.comSource: www.intel.com
And Now MESH Network
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Medical and Healthcare Applications
ATM Backbone Network
ATM Backbone Network
Possibility for Remote consulting(including Audio Visual communication)
ATM Switch
Wireless Remote consultation from Ambulance
ATM Switch
Remote Databases
In HospitalPhysician
Sensors on body
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MANETs: Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Applications: Military applications (battlefield), disaster situations, etc.
Collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network without any existing infrastructure and dynamically changing communication links, totally distributed network due to geographical or terrestrial constraints
From DARPA Website
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A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
MS2
MS3
MS2
MS4
MS1
MS5
MS6
MS7Symmetric link
Asymmetric link
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An autonomous system of nodes (MSs) connected by wireless links
Lack of fixed infrastructure relays Absence of centralized authority Peer-to-peer connectivity Multi-hop forwarding to
ensure network connectivity Topology may change dynamically Random Multi-hop Graph Energy-constrained Bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)
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Why Sensor Networks?
National Defense Environmental Monitoring Ecosystem Monitoring Weather Monitoring Agriculture, Crop Production Wild Fire Monitoring Natural Hazards Toxic Spills/ Pollution; Chemical plants Personal & Institutional Security Radiology, Medicine Many Others ……..
What are the Applications?
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Sensors in Unknown Terrain
Looking for Landmine
Monitor Region A
Region A
Tank @x,y,z,t
Query BroadcastQuery Broadcast
Monitor Region A
DeterminingEnemy’s activity
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Sensors in Urban Warfare: Look for Biological Agents or Securing Outside
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Application of Sensors in BioApplication of Sensors in Bio
Sensors equipped Sensors equipped
with Bluetoothwith Bluetooth
Source: USC Web Site
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Sensor Networks tracing Toxic Waste
Path of the Response
Radio Range
Data Collection and Monitoring Agency
Cloud of Smoke
Predicted position for the Cloud of Smoke
Path of the ResponsePath of the Response
Radio Range
Data Collection and Monitoring Agency
Cloud of Smoke
Predicted position for the Cloud of Smoke
Pollutants monitored by sensors in the river
Sensors report to the base monitoring station
ST
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A Generic Scenario of Environmental Monitoring for different Applications
SinkSink
Precision Precision Agriculture Agriculture ApplicationApplication
Ecosystem Ecosystem Monitoring Monitoring ApplicationApplication
Weather Weather Monitoring Monitoring ApplicationApplication
Sensor Network Area
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Carbon Mono-oxide Monitoring
Monitor the CO of the street near UC campus
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CO Monitoring in UC Parking Lot
Sensing
Combination of Sensing, Wireless Technology and Signal Processing for an Event Recognition
Worldwide User
InternetInternet
CO Sensor
Sensor Calibration Facility
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Portable and self-sustained (power, communication, intelligence) Capable of embedded complex data processing Note: Power consumed in transmitting 1Kb data over 100m is equivalent to 30M Instructions on
10MIPS processor Technology trends predict small memory footprint may not be a limitation in future sensor nodes Equipped with multiple sensing, programmable computing and communication capability
What is a Sensor Network?
Transceiver
Embedded Processor
Sensor
Battery
Memory
Transceiver
Embedded Processor
Sensor
Battery
Memory
1Kbps- 1Mbps
3m - 300mLossy Transmission
8 bit, 10 MHzSlow Computation
Limited Lifetime
Requires Supervision
Multiple sensors
128Kb - 1MbLimited Storage
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Sensors and Wireless Radio
Types of sensors: -Pressure-Temperature-Light-Biological-Chemical-Strain, fatigue-Tilt
Capable of surviving harsh environments (heat, humidity, corrosion, pollution, radiation)
Could be deployed in large numbers
Wireless Wireless RadioRadio
SensorsSensors
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Application of Wireless Sensor Networks in Defense Applications
The Path of the Response
Query Response
Path of the QueryPath between SNs
Data Collection Center (BS or Sink)
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2cr
1cr
K-Coverage and Connectivity in WSN
K-cover probability is defined as the probability that there are at least k nearby sensor nodes which can sense it
These k nearby sensors can be any combination of Type I and Type II nodes
Wireless Connectivity?
• A
• C• B
2cr
2cr 2cr
Wireless Connectivity
Sensing
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Desired Coverage Area
Coverage and Reachability in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
There exist fundamental limits in the operation of WSN: Low date rate, Sheer network size, limited computing power, communication range and battery capacity
Example: If some types of sensor nodes is given, how to choose number of each type of sensors to achieve the requirement that 80% of nodes should be 1-covered and connected together?
rs
Sensing Area
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Data Visualization
HPC: Online Data from Sensors
Data Management: Beowulf Cluster
“Resource sharing and Data aggregation coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi-location (distributed) sensor networks”
Wid
e-ar
ea
Disse
min
atio
n
Thru
Grid
real-timeData collection
Distributed Sensor Networks
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Heterogeneous Systems
WLAN Hot-spot area: multiple APs
Multiple co-located wireless systems (BSs/APs)
CN
BS
IGR
IGR
In-building or residential WLAN AP: 802.11b/g
MANETMS
IGR
IGRIGR
BS
BS
BS
BS
IP Network/ Internet
IGR
IP Network/ Internet
IGR
IGR: Internet Gateway Routers
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Public Wireless Hotspots
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Wireless Mesh Networks – Challenges and Solutions
Wireless LANs Becoming popular in the form of Wi-Fi hotspots Public Wi-Fi Hotspots providing ubiquitous Internet connectivity Easy and Reliable
Limitations Limited coverage Wired connection to the APs All data carried over wired backhaul
- a must!!
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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs)
InternetInternet
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Wireless Mesh Networks
Advantages Obviates need for extensive wired infrastructure Easy and fast to deploy Reduces infrastructure & deployment cost Reduces engineering and operational costs Increased reliability
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Wireless Mesh Network
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동기종 네트워크는 물론 이기종 네트워크간에 연결을 담당해 줌으로써 인터넷은 물론 다른 네트워크에 있는 데이터도 사용자가 원할 때 원하는 곳에서 자유롭게 사용할 수 있게 해주려는 목적에서 등장한 네트워크 개념
Wi-Fi Networks, Cellular Networks, Sensor Networks, Ad Hoc Networks 와 같은 이기종 네트워크간의 통신을 할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 Gateway 및 Bridge 의 기능을 가지고 연결을 담당
인터넷과의 연결을 통해서 인터넷을 언제나 어디서나 사용가능
Multi-hop 에 Multi-link - 무선 환경의 coverage 를 넓혀 주는 효과 - 데이터를 전송할 때 신뢰성을 높일 수 있다 - 많은 데이터를 효과적으로 전송
Wireless Mesh Network
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Multiple Channels WLAN IEEE 802.11s 를 기반으로 interference 에 영향을 주지 않는
channel 을 동시에 사용해서 성능 향상을 꾀하는 환경 및 channel 운용 연구
Routing Protocol WLAN IEEE 802.11s 를 기반으로 mobility 가 없고 energy
constraint 도 없는 환경에서 Gateway 와 router 사이에서 video 나 audio 와 같은 데이터를 효과적으로 전달하고자 하는 routing protocol 연구- multiple channel 환경에서의 routing protocol 연구
TCP Mesh Network 에 적합한 TCP 를 고려하여 TCP 성능 향상 연구 ,
연구된 Mesh Network 에 적합한 Routing Protocol 을 바탕으로 그 Routing Protocol 에 적합한 TCP 연구출처
Wireless Mesh Network
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What About Future Directions?
Honey, aren’t you feeling
hot at home?
A Gaucho (cowboy) in Brazil
Dummy, I have installed secured
temperature sensors inside each room!!
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Summing up Wireless & Mobile Technology……
ANY TIME
ANY WHERE
ANY ONE
ANY DEVICE
Limit is beyondthe sky?