Software Testing on the Web
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Transcript of Software Testing on the Web
So ware Testing on the Web
Martin Schütte
. .So ware Quality
. . . . .Documentation
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Outline
So ware Quality
Documentation
Unit TestingPHPUnitContinuity
Web Drivers
Behaviour TestingMetaPHP Behat and Ruby CucumberCodeception
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Main Questions
How can I know (my) so ware is correct?How does my boss know so ware is correct?How can we discuss what “correct” is, anyway?
We always need:• implicit assumptions,• explicit specifications.
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Walking on water and developing so ware from a specification areeasy if both are frozen.
– Edward V. Berard
Let’s just update PHP…
Let’s just change the DB schema…
Let’s just add feature X…
Is the so ware still correct?
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Maintainability requires Documentation
Consistency of:1. Code2. Comments3. Documentation
When code and comments disagree, both are probably wrong.
– Norm Schryer
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Levels of Documentation..
abstract
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concrete
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Libraries, Functions
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Subsystems
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External API
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UI
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
PHPdoc/JavaDoc/Doxygen etc...
/*** Gets single server parameter for specified key.** @param string $key A key of the parameter to get* @param string $default A default value when key is undefined** @return string A value of the parameter*/public function getServerParameter($key, $default = ’’){
return (isset($this->server[$key]))? $this->server[$key] : $default;
}
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Low Level Documentation
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
High Level Documentation
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Levels of Testing..
abstract
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concrete
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Unit Tests
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System Tests
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AcceptanceTests
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Regression TestingBug Tracker = Documentation
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
PHPUnitclass DTABaseTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
protected function setUp(){
$this->fixture = new DTABase();}
public function testGetNumTooShort(){
$input = ”12345”;$off = 3;$len = 4;$rc = $this->fixture->getNum($input, $off, $len);$this->assertEquals(”45”, $rc);
}// ...
}Martin Schütte So ware Testing on the Web 2012-10-13 12 / 51
. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
PHPUnit~/Payment_DTA> phpunit tests/DTABaseTest.phpPHPUnit 3.6.11 by Sebastian Bergmann.
F....
Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.75Mb
There was 1 failure:
1) DTABaseTest::testGetNumTooShortFailed asserting that 45.001 matches expected ’45’.
/usr/home/mschuett/Payment_DTA/tests/DTABaseTest.php:50/usr/local/bin/phpunit:46
FAILURES!Tests: 5, Assertions: 5, Failures: 1.
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Tests are Documentation
~/Payment_DTA> phpunit --testdox tests/DTABaseTest.phpPHPUnit 3.6.11 by Sebastian Bergmann.
DTABase[ ] Get num too short[x] Get num offset too big[x] Get str too short[x] Get str offset too big[x] Get str invalid
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
WordPress Unit Testshttp://unit-tests.trac.wordpress.org/..
vagrant@wp:~/trunk$ phpunitRunning as single site... To run multisite, use -c multisite.xmlNot running ajax tests... To execute these, use --group ajax.PHPUnit 3.6.12 by Sebastian Bergmann.
Configuration read from /home/vagrant/trunk/phpunit.xml
................F....................................SS.....S 61 / 1437 ( 4%)S...SSSSSS.............S..SSS..........SS................S... 122 / 1437 ( 8%).......SS.SSSS...............S.................S............. 183 / 1437 ( 12%)...............................S............S................ 244 / 1437 ( 16%).S........................S.................S.......I........ 305 / 1437 ( 21%).........................SSSS.S..SSS......................... 366 / 1437 ( 25%)............................................................. 427 / 1437 ( 29%)............................................................. 488 / 1437 ( 33%)............................................................. 549 / 1437 ( 38%)............................................................. 610 / 1437 ( 42%)..................................................S.......... 671 / 1437 ( 46%).......SSSSSSSSSSSSSS...........SS........................... 732 / 1437 ( 50%).............SS...............SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS............. 793 / 1437 ( 55%)................SSS...S.SSSSSSS................SSSSSSS....... 854 / 1437 ( 59%).............S..SS....FFF....SSSS.SS......................SSS 915 / 1437 ( 63%)............................................................. 976 / 1437 ( 67%)......S..................................................S..S 1037 / 1437 ( 72%)................SS.S.........................S............... 1098 / 1437 ( 76%)...............S..................S.......................... 1159 / 1437 ( 80%)............................................................. 1220 / 1437 ( 84%).......................F..............................S...... 1281 / 1437 ( 89%)............................................................. 1342 / 1437 ( 93%).............................................SS.
Time: 08:56, Memory: 122.75Mb[...]
FAILURES!Tests: 1390, Assertions: 5640, Failures: 5, Incomplete: 1, Skipped: 117.
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
PHPUnit Code Coverage
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Things to build upon Automated Testing
• git bisect run phpunit:find commit that introduces a bug
• Continuous Integration:• frequent check-ins to mainline branch• verified by automated builds and tests
• Continuous Deployment:• automated deployment to production• useful: automated rollback
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Example: Jenkins CI
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Example: Travis CI for GitHub
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Approaches to Unit Testing
• Exploratory testing (e. g. for 3rd party libs)• Regression testing (for found & fixed bugs)• Spike and Stabilise testing (a er code, before refactoring)• Test Driven Development (TDD): test first, then code
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs,but never to show their absence!
– Edsger Dijkstra,Notes on Structured Programming
Testing by itself does not improve so ware quality.Test results are an indicator of quality, but in and of themselves,they don’t improve it. […]If you want to improve your so ware, don’t test more; developbetter.
– Steve McConnell, Code Complete
Martin Schütte So ware Testing on the Web 2012-10-13 21 / 51
. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Cost of Testing• Testing (like Documentation) has a cost• o en: productivity improvement > cost• but ROI depends on type of project/so ware
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
HTTP APIclass TumblrAPITest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function testPostDatetime(){
$url = ”http://staff.tumblr.com/api/read”;$ch = curl_init($url);curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);$xmlsrc = curl_exec($ch);
$xmlobj = new SimpleXMLElement($xmlsrc);$str_date = date_timestamp_get(date_create(
$xmlobj->posts->post[0][’date-gmt’]));$unix_date = intval(
$xmlobj->posts->post[0][’unix-timestamp’]);
$this->assertEquals($str_date, $unix_date);}
}Martin Schütte So ware Testing on the Web 2012-10-13 23 / 51
. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
HTML-Contentclass WpCampTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function testSiteTitle(){
$url = ”http://wpcamp.de/”;$ch = curl_init($url);curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);$xmlsrc = curl_exec($ch);
$dom = @DOMDocument::loadHTML($xmlsrc);$title = $dom->getElementsByTagName(’title’)
->item(0)->textContent;
$this->assertContains(’Das WordPress Event’, $title);}
}
.Martin Schütte So ware Testing on the Web 2012-10-13 24 / 51
. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Gouttea simple PHPWeb Scraper
class WpCampTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function testSiteTitle(){
$client = new Client();$crawler = $client
->request(’GET’, ’http://wpcamp.de/’);$title = $crawler
->filter(’html head title’)->first()->text();
$this->assertContains(’Das WordPress Event’, $title);}
}
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Seleniuma suite of tools to automate web browsers across platforms
class WpTest extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase{
public function setUp(){
$this->setHost(”localhost”);$this->setBrowser(”firefox”);$this->setBrowserUrl(”http://wpcamp.de/”);
}public function testSiteTitle(){
$this->open(”/”);$this->assertText(”//html/head/title”,
”Das WordPress Event *”);}
Martin Schütte So ware Testing on the Web 2012-10-13 26 / 51
. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Selenium, contd.
public function testSearch(){
$this->open(”/”);$this->type(”id=s”, ”sponsoren”);$this->click(”id=searchsubmit”);$this->waitForPageToLoad(”30000”);
$this->assertText(”css=#content”,”regexp:.*Premium-Sponsor Chocri.*”);
$this->assertText(”css=#content”,”regexp:.*Platin-Sponsor Adobe.*”);
}}
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Behat Minkan acceptance test framework for web applications
class WpCampTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public function setUp(){
$driver = new \Behat\Mink\Driver\GoutteDriver();$this->session = new \Behat\Mink\Session($driver);
}public function testSiteTitle(){
$this->session->visit(’http://wpcamp.de/’);$title = $this->session->getPage()
->find(’css’, ’html head title’)->getText();$this->assertContains(’Das WordPress Event’, $title);
}
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Behat Mink, contd.public function testSearch(){
$this->session->visit(’http://wpcamp.de/’);$page = $this->session->getPage();$page->find(’css’, ’#s’)->setValue(’Sponsoren’);$page->find(’css’, ’#searchsubmit’)->press();
$text = $this->session->getPage()->find(’css’, ’#content’)->getText();
$this->assertContains(’Premium-Sponsor Chocri’, $text);
$this->assertContains(’Platin-Sponsor Adobe’, $text);
}}
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. .So ware Quality
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
The Big Picture
..Mink..
PHPUnit
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Selenium
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Sahi
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Goutte
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Zombie.js
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Opera
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Firefox
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Problems with Web Drivers
Differences in:• web functionality (HTML, CSS, JS, AJAX)⇒ performance
• selectors (ID, CSS, XPath, DOM)• test functionality and integration with test framework
Recommendation: Select two Drivers,1. simple and fast one for unit testing and2. Selenium/Sahi for integration and UX testing.
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Testing in Production = Monitoring
Example: check webshop availability
Possible layers:• ping server• check HTTP status ”200 OK”• check homepage title• login as user• complete order process
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
The next level: Behaviour Tests
Funktionalität: SelbstpräsentationUm etwas über das WPCamp zu erfahrenAls BesucherMöchte ich Infos auf der Website finden
Szenario: Sponsoren suchenAngenommen ich bin auf ”/”Und ich suche nach ”sponsoren”Dann ich sollte ”Premium-Sponsor Chocri” sehenUnd ich sollte ”Platin-Sponsor Adobe” sehen
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Next Level: Behaviour Driven DevelopmentTDD with other syntax?
Is BDD the same as TDD? Yes. If you’re a programmer, and yourentire team is programmers, and all your stakeholders areprogrammers.
– Dan North
We don’t call them “acceptance tests” because you can’t aska business person “Please help me with my acceptance test”.Try “I’d like to talk to you about the scenario where…” instead. Or,“Can you give me an example?” Either of these are good.
– Liz Keogh
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Unit & Behaviour Testing
Unit Tests• unit testing• programmers• programming language• bottom-up• assertXYZ• tests derived from user stories
⇒ development tool
Behaviour Tests• acceptance test scenarios• non-developers• language of business domain• top-down / outside-in• X should do Y• execute user stories
⇒ communication tool
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
One Notation/“Language”: Gherkin
Feature: [one line describing the story]In order to [benefit]As a [role]I want [feature]
Scenario: [A scenario specific goal]Given [Something that needs to have happened or be true]When [Some task I must do]And [Another task]Then [Some way I know I’ve achieved my goal]
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
I18N
# language: de
Funktionalität: [one line describing the story]Um zu erreichen [benefit]Als [role]Möchte ich [feature]
Szenario: [Title]Angenommen [context]Wenn [event]Dann [outcome]Und [another outcome]
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
TDD with other syntax?
Scenario: New lists are emptyGiven a new listThen the list should be empty.
Scenario: Lists with things in them are not empty.Given a new listWhen we add an objectThen the list should not be empty.
.
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Implementation / Translation
A look behind the curtain:• framework is clever but not magical• some translation needed• statements have to become executable code
Mechanism:• plain sentence→method name• quoted words→ arguments• matching with annotated RegExp• methods yield success, exception, or pending exception
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Behat/Mink FeatureContext.phpuse Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext;
class FeatureContext extends BehatContext{
public function __construct(array $parameters){
$this->useContext(’mink’, new MinkContext());}
}
MinkContext adds web-related methods and their I18N translations,e. g.:
• visit($page)• fillField($field, $value)• pressButton($button)
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Behat Output[mschuett@dagny] ~/wpcamp/code% ./vendor/bin/behatFunktionalität: Selbstpräsentation
Um etwas über das WPCamp zu erfahrenAls BesucherMöchte ich Infos auf der Website finden
Szenario: Sponsoren suchen # features/wpcamp.feature:8Angenommen ich bin auf ”/” # Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext::visit()Und ich suche nach ”sponsoren”Dann ich sollte ”Premium-Sponsor Chocri” sehen # Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext::assertPageContainsText()Und ich sollte ”Platin-Sponsor Adobe” sehen # Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext::assertPageContainsText()
1 scenario (1 undefined)4 steps (1 passed, 2 skipped, 1 undefined)0m1.574s
You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these snippets:
/*** @Given /^ich suche nach ”([^”]*)”$/*/
public function ichSucheNach($arg1){
throw new PendingException();}
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Edit FeatureContext.phpaddmethod
/*** @Given /^ich suche nach ”([^”]*)”$/*/public function ichSucheNach($arg){
return array(new When(”I fill in \”s\” with \”$arg\””),new When(”I press \”searchsubmit\””),
);}
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Behat Output
[mschuett@dagny] ~/wpcamp/code% ./vendor/bin/behatFunktionalität: Selbstpräsentation
Um etwas über das WPCamp zu erfahrenAls BesucherMöchte ich Infos auf der Website finden
Szenario: Sponsoren suchen # features/wpcamp.feature:8Angenommen ich bin auf ”/” # Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext::visit()Und ich suche nach ”sponsoren” # FeatureContext::ichSucheNach()Dann ich sollte ”Premium-Sponsor Chocri” sehen # Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext::assertPageContainsText()Und ich sollte ”Platin-Sponsor Adobe” sehen # Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext::assertPageContainsText()
1 scenario (1 passed)4 steps (4 passed)0m2.59s
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Unit Testing. .. . . . .. . .
Web Drivers. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .
Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
The Big Picture (PHP)
..Mink.
Behat
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PHPUnit
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Selenium
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Sahi
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Goutte
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Zombie.js
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Opera
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Firefox
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Cucumberoriginal Ruby version, nicer syntax
# Example Webrat step definitions
When /I search for ”(.*)”/ do |query|@browser.text_field(:name, ’s’).set(query)@browser.button(:name, ’searchsubmit’).click
end
Then /I should see/ do |text|@browser.text.should =~ /#{text}/m
end
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
The Big Picture (Ruby)
..Cucumber.
Selenium
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Watir
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Webrat
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Celerity
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Opera
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Firefox
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Codeception unit testa new full-stack testing PHP framework
$I = new CodeGuy($scenario);$I->wantTo(’perform actions and see results’);
$I->testMethod(’DateTime.getTimestamp’);$date = new DateTime(”2012-10-13T14:45:00+02:00”);$I->executeTestedMethodOn($date);
$I->seeResultIs(’int’);$I->seeResultEquals(1350132300);
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Codeception acceptance test
$I = new WebGuy($scenario);$I->wantTo(’find infos on the website’);
$I->see(’Das WordPress Event’, ’html head title’);
$I->fillField(’s’, ’sponsoren’);$I->click(’searchsubmit’);
$I->see(’Premium-Sponsor Chocri’, ’#content’);$I->see(’Platin-Sponsor Adobe’, ’#content’);
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Codeception Output[mschuett@dagny] ~/wpcamp/code% php codecept.phar run --stepsCodeception PHP Testing Framework v1.1.4Powered by PHPUnit 3.6.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.
Suite unit startedTrying to perform actions and see results (exampleCept.php)Scenario:* I test method ”DateTime.getTimestamp”* I execute tested method on ”DateTime”* I see result is ”int”* I see result equals ”1350132300”
OK
Suite functional started
Suite acceptance startedTrying to find infos on the website (wpcampCept.php)Scenario:* I am on page ”/”* I see ”Das WordPress Event”,”html head title”* I fill field ”s”,”sponsoren”* I click ”searchsubmit”* I see ”Premium-Sponsor Chocri”,”#content”* I see ”Platin-Sponsor Adobe”,”#content”
OK
Time: 4 seconds, Memory: 9.50Mb
OK (2 tests, 5 assertions)
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Problems
• most Web tests require known DB state• behaviour testing is slow
• only run locally• use in-memory DB
• draw the line• features in documentation (what)→ add behaviour test• mere implementation (how)→ only unit tests
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Behaviour Testing. .Conclusion
Summary
Value individuals and interactions over processes and tools
– The Agile Manifesto
Links:• PHPUnit• Selenium• Behat & Mink• Cucumber• Codeception
• Sebastian Bergmann (PHPUnit)• Dan North’s blog (BDD)• Liz Keogh’s blog (BDD)• Geek and Poke• Not Invented Here
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