Software Licensing In The Cloud (CloudWorld 2009)
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Transcript of Software Licensing In The Cloud (CloudWorld 2009)
AUTOMATING APPLICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Software Licensing in the Cloud
Stuart CharltonChief Software Architect, Elastra
Objectives
• Put simply, given Cloud Computing, is there still room for a software product industry?
• Where are the problems with today’s licensing regime?
• What opportunities arise with cloud computing to improve the licensing situation?
• How could we resolve technical barriers to software licensing in the cloud?
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TIMELINE
COSTLY
AGILE
ClientServer
J2EE ServiceOriented
Virtual Cloud
J2EE» Silos of
Function» Redundancy» Sprawl
Service Oriented» Reuse Processes» Composable Units» Decouple
Components
Virtualization» Pool Infrastructure» Optimize Resources» Decouple the
Physical
Cloud Computing» Virtualized Software
Layer» Automated Provisioning» Elastic Infrastructure» Virtual Data Centers» Pay Per Usage» Governance Models
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Waves of IT Evolution
New Powers of Governance
Groups & Chargebacks
Web
Lo
gic
Co
mp
ute
Un
its
So
ftw
are
Un
its
Groups & License Use Apps & Quotas Utilizations &SLAs
Which Apps Used Which Resources?
Metering and Chargeback
Graphic View of Data Center
Design & Use
Trends of Consumption
DetermineQuotas for Apps
or Groups
Allocate Resources by Price &
Capabilities
Prioritize Resource Costs to Business
Priorities
Restrict Excessive Consumption
Accounting Dashboards Specify PolicyEncourage
Efficient Use
Ora
cle
DB
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The Cloud Provider Continuum
Closer to theDeveloper/User
Closer to theSysAdmin/Ops
Platform-as-a-Service Infrastructure-as-a-Service
“Supplier Ecosystem”“Retail Ecosystem”
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“On Demand” Strains Traditional Licensing
• Growing numbers of infrastructure & services» Give people “on demand” freedom, they’ll use it!
• A wide variety of licensing models» Customized licenses are common with enterprises
• Rigid license enforcement policies» E.g. tied to a single IP address / machine
• Services of all shapes and sizes» From low-level infrastructure to full software systems
• Consolidation of enterprise software vendors» “Wait and see” approach with cloud computing
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Package & Payment Models
Spectrum:• As a Service
» Low footprint» Revocable
• As a Product» Higher footprint» Perpetual
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Pricing Models
• Traditional models still dominate» E.g. Oracle’s pricing on Amazon EC2
• A trending shift to perceived-value pricing
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Information Asymmetry
• Enterprise software is largely a “market for lemons”
• Seller knows more than thebuyer
• Increased popularity of:» Proof-of-Concepts» Detailed RFPs» Open Source» On demand access
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Enterprise Licensing & Maintenance
• 21% Annual Maintenance Fees• The “Wrap and Roll”
» Vendor wants to make its quarterly performance
» Company wants to reduce itsspend
» “Let’s discount maintenance for 2 years”
» … and do it over again
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The Enterprise Acquisition Process
• RFP-led or Strategic Sourcing• Lots of Front Loaded Risk-Mitigation• Purchase for peak demand up-front
» Large capital outlays
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Popular and Growing Alternatives
• “Adoption-Led Acquisition”» Try and buy
Pay after a period» Open source
Pay for support and/or complements like indemnity
• “Agile Acquisition”» Co-develop the requirements and architecture» Growing with large-scale acquisition (e.g. government)
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Acquiring Software in the Cloud
• Supports a wider variety of adoption-led scenarios» E.g. On-demand doesn’t need to be open source
• Reduced capital and lead times for agile acquisition
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Tech Challenges to a On-Demand Licensing
• License description» There are a wide variety of forms & sizes» Customization is common and expected with enterprises
• License enforcement & auditing» How one be sure license are enforced?» …or at least audited?» Especially with fewer human barriers to access
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A Sketch of a Solution
• Hyperlinked Cloud Modeling» Describing Software, Architecture, and Infrastructure» … Along with Entitlements!
• Cloud Entitlement Modeling» Participating Roles» Digital Identity and Authorization» A Cloud Entitlement Reference Architecture» An Entitlements Language
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Hyperlinked Cloud Markup Languages
DEFINE
EXTEND
MARKUP
ECML
EDML
EMML
ELML
CONCEPTIMPLEMENTATION
Modular, layered, open-world, “connective tissue” for automated applications
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Cloud Modeling Bridges Collaboration Gaps
Private & Public Cloud Resources
APPLICATION ARCHITECTS
SYSTEM ADMINS
IT MANAGEMENT
DEV/QA TEAMS
ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTS
IT OPERATIONS
Test System Staging System Production System
ENTERPRISE CLOUD
Deploy & Configure Systems
Auditing, Metering, and Planning
Change & Configuration Management
Code, Resources, & Builds
Standard Designs
Policy-Based Architectural Designs
Automated Planning, Provision & Configuration
End-to-EndCollaborativeIT Service Model
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Cloud Entitlements – Participating Roles
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Digital Identity and AuthorizationEssential Building Blocks for Interoperable Entitlements
(Kerberos) (PKI)
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Digital Identity and AuthorizationPossible Approaches or Standards
• SAML v2.0 » Web Services and Web Browsers
• WS-Federation and WS-Trust» Primarily for Microsoft Windows and Azure
• OAuth» RESTful delegated authentication, growing at IETF
• FOAF+SSL» Emerging Semantic Web approach to identity
• Mutual SSL Authentication» Basic scenario, long history, relies on PKI trust
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A Cloud Entitlements Reference Architecture
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Entitlements Modeling
• A uniform Rights & Duties foundation is possible» E.g. Open Digital Rights
Language
• Beware Patents» (includes standards
like XACML!)
• Cloud could use targeted, minimal, extensions for payment & accounting
ODRL v2 Core Model
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A Minimal Licensing Entitlements Language
• Example Rights:» Provision» Scale» Quota
• Example Duties:» Usage Audit» Subscription fee
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Summary
• Traditional Software Licensing is Under Strain» On Demand Models change prevailing assumptions
of what is static
• A full shift to “As a Service” models is not likely
• But the enterprise software industry must adapt» Change business practices
and/or» Adopt enhanced technology to resolve license complexity
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