Sofia Training School 6 Project: Solutions for Critical ...€¦ · - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, TS...

Sofia Training School "Solutions for Critical Raw Materials in extreme conditions: from fundamental science to industrial innovations" 6-8 February 2018 Project: Solutions for Critical Raw Materials Under Extreme Conditions CRM-EXTREME-CA15102

COST is supported by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020

TS outcomes were prepared by prof. Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, TS Leader of COST project CA15102 CRM-Extreme

Sofia Training School "Solutions for Critical Raw Materials in extreme conditions: from fundamental science to industrial innovations" – 6-8 February 2018, CRM-EXTREME-CA15102

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P R O G R A M

1st day - February 6 2018

Morning session

8.30 – 9.00 - Registration

9.00 – 9.30 - Opening remarks, Welcomes,

- Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, TS Leader of CA15102 COST project - Presentation of

Sofia TS and introduction on the CRMs issue: reduction, substitution and recycling

- Mrs. Zlatina Karova, National Horizon2020 Coordinator, Ministry of Education and

Science

- Prof. Georgi Mihov – Rector of Technical University of Sofia

- Assoc. Prof. Olya Stoilova, Scientific Secretary of “Nanosciences, Materials and

New Technologies" Research field in Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

- Prof. Rositsa Nikolova, President of BCS and Young Scientists Commission in

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

- Prof. Tatyana Tabakova, Deputy Director of Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian

Academy of Sciences

9.35 – 10.35 - Saurav Goel – “Understanding material behavior for nanoscale precision

manufacturing”

10.35 – 11.05 Coffee break

11.05 – 12.05 - Ernst Gamsjäger – “Theory guided and experimentally validated Materials

Design”

12.05 – 13.05 Soft lunch

Afternoon session

13.05 -14.05 - Mihaela Girtan - “Ellipsometric modelling as a solution to reduce the

experimental tests and the waste of materials in the optimization of multilayers thin films

fabrication process”

14.10 – 15.10 - Ion Marius Sivebæk - "Nanotribology as a key point in replacement of

CRMs"

15.10-15.45 Coffee break

15.45-17.00 - Ion Marius Sivebæk - case report(s)


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2nd day - February 7 2018

Morning session

9.00 – 10.00 - Pavel Novak - "How to design a CRM-free tool material?"


10.30 – 11.30 - Pavel Novak - "Future of high-temperature alloys without CRM"

11.30 – 12.30 - Vyacheslav Lapkovsky- “Sustainable Recycling of Critical Raw Materials”

12.30 – 13.30 Soft lunch

Afternoon session

13.30 -14.30 - Dirk Lehmhus – “Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams: A Lightweight Material

Concept with Potential for Saving Critical Ressources”

14.30 - 15.30 Andrej Shishkin – „By the means of Physical Vapor Deposition Metal Coated

ceramic microspheres: A New Approach for Realizing Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams”

15.30 -16.00 Coffee break

16.00 – 17.00 Discussion – chairman: Vyacheslav Lapkovsky, Andrej Shishkin

3nd day - February 8 2018

Morning session

9.00 – 10.00 Yakoumis Iakovos - "Towards Decoupling Europe from Platinum Group Metals

Supply Risk for the Automotive Sector"


10.30 – 11.30 A.Sezai Sarac - „Gold/Poly Anthranilic Acid (Au/PANA) Core/Shell

Nanostructures“

11.30 – 12.30 Antonio Jose Sala Candela – “Metal Fiber Brushes for Slip Ring and an

Innovative Application”

12.30 – 13.30 Soft lunch

Afternoon session

13.30 -14.30 Silviya Boycheva – “Understanding the role of CRMs in the development of

strategic energy technologies”

14.30 -15.30 - Panel discussion trainees and trainers

15.30 -16.00 Coffee break

16.00 – 17.00 Concluding remarks


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Dr. Saurav Goel FHEA CEng MIET MIMechE Lecturer, Precision Engineering Institute Cranfield University, United Kingdom, MK430AL [email protected]

Understanding material behaviour for nanoscale precision manufacturing

Abstract:

Miniaturization has emerged in a strong way in the 21st Century. Example products include micro-moulds used in biomedical arena, ultra-precision quality finished mirrors in space and defense arena, flexible electronic displays in modern electronic gadgets, solar cells used in renewable energy resources, microholes used for fibre optics, micronozzles for high temperature jets in automotive and aerospace, laser joining and welding of dissimilar materials in various engineering applications. Use of these products in our day-to-day life is becoming ubiquitous as it enables to drive multifarious benefits, such as savings in materials, space and power consumption, improved system’s overall efficiency and ease of transportation. At the epicenter of miniaturization, lies the role of manufacturing and materials which hinders further developments primarily because of limited understanding on how material behaves at sub-micron scale. With the descend of scale, surface properties start to be dominating compared to the bulk properties of materials and complex interplay of these together contributes to significant manufacturing challenges at the nanoscale. Today’s industries can sustain themselves based on their ability of being able to process materials efficiently at low cost. However significant challenges exist with the inception of newer and smart materials in healthcare, aerospace, energy and electronics e.g. carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP), carbon based 2D materials, titanium alloys, nanopolymer composite coatings and polymeric materials, organic feedstock materials in bioenergy area and semiconductor materials like silicon and its derivative. Tools such as nanoindentation and nanoscratching, nanoimpact testing and diamond anvil cell exist to probe the nanoscale properties yet, a complete understanding of the newly developing materials or even to synthesize new class of hybrid and composite materials requires more scientific efforts. One formidable challenge with processing of these smart and novel materials is that the mode of material removal at fine precision level changes from continuous to discrete. An accurate understanding of this phenomenon requires an insight into the energetic, structural, dynamic and rheological aspects of the system. Hence understanding the relevant atomic level phenomena is the key to obtain full knowledge of the atomistic mechanism of ultra-precision machining and this can be accomplished efficiently through using atomic simulations which will be the theme of the discussions/talk.

mailto:[email protected]


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Assoc. Prof. Ernst Gamsjäger Institute of Mechanics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria [email protected]

Theory guided and experimentally validated Materials Design

Abstract:

The microstructures of materials evolve during processing and determine the properties of these

materials. All materials are subject to phase transformations and other microstructural changes

during processing, which is a strong motivation to investigate the kinetics of phase transformations,

grain growth and grain coarsening both experimentally and by modelling. Models based on the

relevant physical principles are a precondition to improve the understanding of microstructure-

property relationships. Based on in-situ experiments the evolving microstructures can be subjected

to a controlled thermo-mechanical treatment [1-3]. The experimental results will be interpreted by

means of thermodynamically based modelling in order to gain new insights about the underlying

physics when designing new materials, see e.g. [4]. Recent advances in thermo-mechanically

controlled processing enables cost-effective and energy efficient production of steels with excellent

properties [5]. The role of certain critical components like niobium in microalloyed steels, cobalt in

high speed steels or chromium in tool steels will be investigated in future research as a first step for

possible reduction or replacement of these critical raw materials.

References:

[1] H. Chen, E. Gamsjäger, S. Schider, H. Khanbareh, S. van der Zwaag: Acta mater. 61 (2013)

2414-2424.

[2] E. Gamsjäger, M. Wiessner, S. Schider, H. Chen, S. van der Zwaag: Philos. Mag. 95 (2015)

2899-2917.

[3] M. Wiessner, E. Gamsjäger, S. van der Zwaag, P. Angerer: Mater. Sci. Eng. A 682 (2017) 117–

125.

[4] E. Gamsjäger, H. Chen, S. van der Zwaag: Comp. Mat. Sci. 83 (2014) 92 - 100.

[5] M. Militzer: “Thermomechanical processed steels” in Comprehensive materials processing,

Vol. 1, 2014, Elsevier.

Lecture overview

1. Thermodynamic modelling of microstructural changes like phase transformations, grain

growth and coarsening.

2. Verification by in-situ experiments.

3. A working procedure for future projects to reduce critical raw materials.



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Assoc. Prof. Mihaela Girtan Head of the group Thin films for photovoltaic applications at Photonics Laboratory,

University of Angers,

Angers, France

[email protected]

Ellipsometric modelling as a solution to reduce the experimental tests and the

waste of materials in the optimization of multilayers thin films fabrication process

Abstract:

Ellipsometry is a non-destructive, non-invasive non-contact, very precise, reproducible and very

sensitive technique for study the ultra-thin films. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) provides a widely

applicable method for determining accurate characterization of optical and electrical transport

properties of thin films multilayers structures, in particularly when the multilayer of device

structure, is of critical importance to their effective implementation.

The purpose of this talk is to provide a comprehensive study of the spectroscopic ellipsometric

measurements and modelling by taking as examples the study of single oxide films and

oxide/metal/oxide (Oxide = ITO, AZO, TiO2 and Bi2O3, Metal = Au) multi layers thin-film using a two-

modulator generalized ellipsometer by continuing the study much further than usual given in

literature and by also comparing the calculated the transmission coefficient from ellipsometry with

the experimental values obtained from direct spectrophotometry measurements. This procedure

allows to establish in a more accurate way the best dispersion model for each sample. The

ellipsometric modelling, can hence give the possibility in the future to predict, by ellipsometric

simulations, the proper device architecture in function of the preferred optical and electrical

properties.



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Assoc. Prof. Ion Marius Sivebæk

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Section of Manufacturing Engineering,

Technical University of Denmark

Lyngby, Denmark

[email protected]

Nanotribology as a key point in replacement of CRMs

Abstract:

Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion. This implies that it

is an interface phenomenon and a material property. Tribology is usually seen as a side activity in a

given application. An example is the substitution of CRM's. In my lectures I will put tribology in the

headline to ensure that the trainees get a clear picture of how complicated it is to make a

tribological analysis.

The lectures will comprise views on friction and wear and how to deal with these (and how not to).

There are two cases that will require analyses from the trainees.

Please have your phone, tablet or PC ready and connected to the internet when we reach the cases.



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Assoc. Prof. Pavel Novak, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering

of University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCT Prague)

vice-dean of Faculty of Chemical Technology of UCT Prague

Prague, Czech Republic

[email protected]

How to design a CRM-free tool material?

Abstract:

The most commonly applied tool materials are tool steel and cemented carbides. Both of these

groups of materials contain the elements which are currently listed as critical raw materials. The

lecture explains the role of the constituents of these materials on their processing and properties.

The history of these materials is presented, showing that the substitution of critical elements was

done already in 1970 – 1990’s in connection with the political situation, as well as the new trends in

substitution.

Future of high-temperature alloys without CRM

Abstract:

Current high-temperature alloys (steel, nickel and cobalt alloys) need critical raw materials (CRM)

for their production. During the decades, many alternative materials have been developed, but

some of them failed due to technical problems and some still need CRMs. The consequences of the

development, as well as the current and future trends in substituting high-temperature materials

are revealed in the lecture. Modern metallic alloys, ODS materials and intermetallics are presented.



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Mr. Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis (Dr.Sc.ing. (PhD) Assistant prof. at Institute of Aeronautics of Riga Technical University, Researcher at Laboratory of Powder Materials of Riga Technical University Riga, Latvia [email protected]

Sustainable Recycling of Critical Raw Materials

Abstract:

Sustainability for critical raw materials in a framework of COST Action CA15102 CRM-EXTREME will be covered. During the lecture up-to-date and emerging technological approaches and methods will be overviewed for CRM-EXTREME critical raw materials, such as Cobalt, Tungsten, Niobium, Rare Earth elements and some others. Several examples of good manufacturing practice in the field of raw materials recycling and reuse will be presented. SOURCE MATERIALS



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Dr.-Ing. Dirk Lehmhus Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Bremen, Germany [email protected]

Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams: A Lightweight Material Concept with Potential for

Saving Critical Ressources

Dirk Lehmhus, Jörg Weise, Joachim Baumeister

Abstract:

Metal-Matrix Syntactic Foams or MMSFs follow a unique approach for realizing a lightweight

cellular structure: Hollow particles embedded in a metallic matrix are employed to create a defined

level of porosity and with it a very attractive combination of properties.

Exemplary image of the microstructure of a 316L/cenosphere syntactic foam.

In the past, several different matrices and fillers as well as a considerable number of processes have

been studied in order to synthesize such materials, ranging from melt infiltration to powder

metallurgical approaches. The present lecture will describe the main process variants as well as the

materials which originate from them both in terms of their composition, their (micro-) structural

features and their properties, the latter with a focus on mechanical characteristics.

The overview shows that even at the current stage of development, e. g. density-related strength

levels can be achieved which surpass the respective characteristics of the matrix materials at full

density. Using syntactic foams produced from Fe-based matrices and cenosphere- or glass

microsphere-type fillers as starting point, development trends as well as potential application



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scenarios for this type of material will be highlighted and discussed. In doing so, a link to the issue

of critical raw material usage is established: The rationale is that a material concept which

facilitates improvements in weight-specific performance levels while using the identical matrix

materials plus low-cost and abundant fillers directly paves the way towards resource efficiency via

component weight reduction.

Bibliography (selected publications):

1. Shishkin, A., Drozdova, M., Kozlov, V., Hussainova, I., Lehmhus, D. Vibration-assisted sputter

coating of cenospheres; A new approach for realizing Cu-based Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams,

Metals 7 (2017), article number 16

2. Luong, D. D., Lehmhus, D., Gupta, N., Weise, J., Bayoumi, M. Structure and compressive

properties of Invar-cenosphere syntactic foams, Materials 9 (2016), article number 115

3. Luong, D. D., Shunmugasamy, V. C., Gupta, N., Lehmhus, D., Weise, J., Baumeister, J.

Quasi-static and high strain rates compressive response of iron and Invar matrix syntactic foams,

Materials and Design 66 (2015), p. 516-531

4. Peroni, L., Scapin, M., Fichera, C., Lehmhus, D., Weise, J., Baumeister, J., Avalle, M.,

Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of AISI 316L stainless steel syntactic foams at different

strain rates, Composites Part B: Engineering 66 (2014), p. 430-442

5. Weise, J., Salk, N., Jehring, U., Baumeister, J., Lehmhus, D., Bayoumi, M. A., Influence of

powder size on production parameters and properties of syntactic invar foams produced by means

of metal powder injection moulding, Advanced Engineering Materials 15 (2013), p. 118-122

6. Peroni, L., Scapin, M., Avalle, M., Weise, J., Lehmhus, D., Dynamic mechanical behavior of

syntactic iron foams with glass microspheres, Materials Science and Engineering A 552 (2012), p.

364-375


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M.Sc.Eng Andrej Shishkin Riga Technical University Riga, Latvia [email protected]

By the means of Physical Vapor Deposition Metal Coated ceramic microspheres: A

New Approach for Realizing Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams

Abstract:

Composite materials containing hollow microparticles (known as microbubbles, hollow microspheres, or micro balloons) as spaceholders in a polymer, metal or ceramic matrix are designated "syntactic foams" (SF). The present lecture discloses a new method of preparation of a metal matrix material which combines features of a closed-cell syntactic foam with additional open porosity. The main stages of this process are microsphere preparation, coating and sintering, resulting in a lighweight part with considerable levels of specific strength. As examples, copper, stainless steel and titanium coating of microspheres as well as sintering techniques employed and the properties of the final material are presented. In order to further enhance the mechanical properties of this complex material, tungsten/boron composite rods are introduced, mimicking reinforcement approaches knowm from polymer matrix syntactic foams. The density-related strength of these materials is contrasted to similar, previously published findings for several types of established metal foams. Besides discussing these first experimental results, the presentation outlines the potential of coated microspheres as optimized filler particles in conventional, entirely closed-cell metal matrix syntactic foams and suggests future research paths for the various material concepts covered.



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Iakovos V. Yakoumis, Founder and CEO

Monolithos Catalysts & Recycling Ltd.,

Athens, Greece

[email protected]

Towards Decoupling Europe from Platinum Group Metals Supply Risk for the

Automotive Sector

Abstract:

The global emission control catalysts market is expected to reach €15 Billion by 2021 growing at a compound

annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.37% during the forecast period, being driven primarily by growth in

automotive vehicle sales and tightening regulatory trends. Almost 42% of the European demand for these

precious metals is from the automotive sector with a recovery of just 15%. The recycling and the substitution

of platinum group metals (PGMs; especially palladium, platinum and rhodium) from spent autocatalysts is of

great interest today because of their high prices as well as of their increasing demand in technology.

The PLATIRUS (PLATInum group metals Recovery Using Secondary raw materials) project is an international

collaboration for the development of a cost-efficient and miniaturized recovery process for PGMs funded by

the EU in the H2020 framework. Key targets of the PLATIRUS project build on new, green and

environmentally friendly developments in iono- and solvometallurgical leaching, separation and recovery,

resulting in a novel route to PGM recycling with higher yields, lower energy consumption and improved

environmental impact.

The PROMETHEUS (Platinum group metals saving by Monolithos efficient and disruptive catalyst innovation)

project is an EU H2020 SME-Instrument Phase II Project aiming in Substituting Platinum Group Metals with

Copper Based Nano-Catalytic Washcoat for emission control automotive applications.

Both projects are aiming in decoupling Europe from PGMs supply risk. PGMs have been characterized as

Critical Raw Materials for European Economy since more than 72% of their production is based in third

countries (Russia, South Africa, South America). PLATIRUS and PROMETHEUS technologies will help to save

more than 9 tones of PGMs per year (~25% of European current demand) reducing Europe’s dependency on

PGMs of up to 60% (20 tones per year – the current demand/supply deficit).



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Prof. A. Sezai Sarac

Istanbul Technical University,

Polymer Science and Technology &

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,

Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

[email protected]

Gold/Poly Anthranilic Acid (Au/PANA) Core/Shell Nanostructures

Abstract:

Keywords: Precious and Critical Raw Materials, Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) , Nanofiber, Impedance

spectroscopy , Metal –Polymer Complex Nanostructure

Precious and Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) are widely used in different kinds of products. Their

applications include electric ,electronic and industrial applications .CRMs contained in components

with high-performance requirements.For this reason ,they are critical for the functioning of the

product,and the challenge is that these materials are widely used in small amounts in metal-

complex structures.

This study reports a facile and simple method to prepare (Gold/Poly Anthranilic acid) (Au/PANA)

core/shell nanostructures with uniform size and morphology in an aqueous solution through

oxidation of the monomer (3-aminobenzoic acid) and reduction of the Au(III) ions simultaneously

,and to fabricate their nanofibers .Gold nanoparticles were highly dispersed and stabilized by the

oxidation of 3-aminobenzoic acid in order to form a uniform metal–polymer core/shell

nanocomposite. Fabricated nanocomposites have been characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy,

attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) and X-ray diffraction.

Morphology of nanocomposites was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning

electron microscopy (SEM). Electroactivity of Au/PANA core/shells were investigated by

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and equivalent circuit modeling was performed1,2.

In situ spectroscopic characterization of polymerization reaction indicated the reaction between

gold ions and 3-aminobenzoic acid and formation of Au/PANA core/shell nanoparticles during

reaction period. Spectroscopic results evidenced the incorporation of Au nanoparticles into PANA.

XRD analyses indicated the high degree of crystallinity of Au. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

images showed homogeneous distribution of Au/PANA core/Shell nanocomposites with the size of

20 nm. EIS data suggested that as the initial concentrations of Au and PANA increased, the

core/Shell nanocomposites started to act like as an ideal capacitor.

The electrochemical behavior and functional groups of Au/PANA nanocomposites (AuNPs )

encourage to fabricate their nanofibers considering their high surface area to volume ratio which

can enhance the loading capacity for protein immobilization. PANA with the active carboxyl groups



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(−COOH) on its main structure is a suitable choice not only for modification of the Au nanoparticles

but also for protein immobilization3,4 .

Nanofibers of (Au/PANA) core/shell nanostructures were obtained by electrospinning following to

blending with polyvinylacetate(PVAc) .Albumin (Alb) and streptavidin (STDV) were covalently

immobilized onto (Au/PANA/PVAc) nanofibers by EDC/NHS activation by using (−COOH) groups of

PANA modified gold particles and amine groups on the proteins. Albumin and streptavidin

immobilized nanofibers mats were characterized spectroscopically by ATR–FTIR and UV–Vis

spectrophotometer and morphologically with SEM/Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX).

The interaction between albumin and streptavidin with carboxylic acid groups was investigated by

means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis(Fig. 1).

Carboxyl groups (−COOH) on the surface of Au/PANA/PVAc nanofibers were activated by EDC and

NHS for covalent immobilization of albumin and streptavidin. PVAc nanofibers before and after

protein immobilization were compared with Au/PANA/PVAc nanofibers. In the elemental analyses

(EDX), the amounts of the (N) and (O) changed due to the immobilization of albumin and

streptavidin which confirmed the successful protein attachment onto electrospun nanofiber mats.

ATR–FTIR analysis also exhibited amide peaks in protein attached nanofibers. EIS analysis and

equivalent circuit modeling were performed to observe the immobilized proteins.The nanofibers

became resistive due to protein immobilization and the higher charge transfer resistance was

observed after higher amount of protein was immobilized. This study showed that (−COOH) group

containing, semiconductive Au/PANA/PVAc nanofibers is a suitable support for covalent

immobilization of amino group (−NH) containing biomolecules and EIS analysis and can be

successfully applied for the characterization of biologically modified AuNPs surfaces.

Fig.1 Bode phase plots obtained after streptavidin immobilization onto Au/PANA/PVAc (1/3)

0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

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References

1) Golshaei R., Guler Z., Ünsal C.,, Sarac AS ,In situ spectroscopic and electrochemical impedance

study of gold/poly (anthranilic acid) core/shell nanoparticles, ,Eur.Polym. Journal 66, 502-512

(2015)

2)Golshaei R., Guler Z., Sarac A.S,(Au/PANA/PVAc) nanofibers as a novel composite matrix for

Albumin and streptavidin immobilization , Materials Sci. & Eng.C, Mater Biol Appl. 60, 260–275(

2016)

3)Golshaei, R., Gokce, Z. G., Ghoreishi, S. M.,Sarac A.S.,Au/PANA/PVAc and Au/P(ANA-co-

CNTA)/PVAc electrospun nanofibers as tyrosinase immobilization supports, Int. J. Polym.Mater and

Polym.Biomater 66 ( 13 )658-668 ( 2017)

4)Golshaei R.,Karazehir T.,Ghoreishi S.M.,Ates M.,Sarac A.S.,”Glucose oxidase immobilization onto

Au/poly[anthranilic acid-co-3-carboxy-N-(2-thenylidene)aniline]/PVAc electrospun nanofibers”,

Polymer Bull. 74( 5) 1493–1517(2017)


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Antonio-José Sala Candela Industrial Engineer Polytechnic University of Madrid

Madrid, Spain

[email protected]

Metal Fiber Brushes for Slip Ring and an Innovative Application

Abstract:

Although graphite and metal-graphite brushes have for nearly 100 years dominated the field of

electrical brushes, for many applications there now exists a superior form of sliding electrical

conduction; high performance fiber brushes wherein typically the fibers are made of metal for

which reason they are called metal fiber brushes. Prime candidates for this new technology include

sliding electrical systems which require high current densities, high sliding speeds, low electrical

noise, high efficiency (low brush losses), compact size, or long brush lifetimes.

In particular, low voltage electric motors and generators can be made smaller, more powerful and

longer lasting owing to the increased current capacity, higher efficiency and longer wear life. This

has a direct bearing on electric vehicular and ship drive systems as well as low voltage electrical

power generators. Other applications which require high currents, such as high-force linear

actuators, electromagnetic brakes, and armatures, are similarly well suited.

As an application we will show a “slip ring” to transmit electric current from the car frame to the

interior of a tire to refrigerate or heat it and thus optimize its performance.



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Assoc. Prof. Silviya Boycheva Department of Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Techical University of Sofia,

Sofia, Bulgaria

[email protected]

Understanding the role of CRMs in the development of strategic energy

technologies

Lecture overview:

Overview of the constructional materials of great importance for safety and long-term

operation of Light water reactor Nuclear Power Plants (NPP);

Understanding the role of some CRMs for the application relevant properties of the

constructional materials in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) in NPPs;

Outlying the specifics of the corrosion problems with the constructional materials in PWR

NPPs;

Challenges in front of the constructional materials for Generation IV nuclear reactors ;

Carbon capture technologies decisions for fossil fuel Thermal Power Plants in the context of

CRMs saving.

Sofia Training School 6 Project: Solutions for Critical ...€¦ · - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, TS...

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Transcript of Sofia Training School 6 Project: Solutions for Critical ...€¦ · - Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva, TS...