SOFCOM - Europa · a potential exergy efficiency of 90%+. Demonstration activities target...
Transcript of SOFCOM - Europa · a potential exergy efficiency of 90%+. Demonstration activities target...
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SOFCOM SOFC CCHP with poly-fuel: operation and management
Massimo Santarelli
Programme Review Day 2012 Brussels, 28 & 29 November 2012
SOFCOM (278798)
Massimo Santarelli Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
General Overview
• SOFC CCHP with poly-fuel: operation and management
• 3 yrs
• Total Budget: 6,219,613 € - FCH contribution: 2,937,753 €
• Partnership: 10 Partners
• Companies: Topsoe Fuel Cells A/S (DK), Società Metropolitana Acque Torino spa (IT), Matgas 2000 A.I.E. (SP)
• Research Centers: Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus VTT (FL), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IT), Instytut Energetyki (PL)
• Universities: Politecnico di Torino (IT), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), Technische Universitaet Muenchen (DE), Università di Torino (IT)
Project & Partnership description
Project achievements
SLUDGE DIGESTION
ANODEBiogas (CH4,CO2, N2 traces) OXY-
COMBUSTION
WATER REMOVAL
CleanwaterALGAE
GROWING
CO2 (high purity)
O2 (nearly stoichiometric)
Anode off-gas(H2O, CO2 ,H2, CO, N2 traces)
H2O, CO2
(N2, O2 traces)
Algae (C)
Secondary sludge(C-H-N-O substrate)
Pow
er
Hea
t
Was
tew
ater
Ligh
t
Cle
an w
ate
r
Surp
lus
of
Alg
ae
ELECTROLYTE
CATHODE
Fresh air
Vitiated airSOFC
Goal DEMO example:
plant in Torino (IT)
CARBON CYCLE IN THE SOFCOM PROCESS
Project achievements
Goals LAB:
LAB tests developed on every section of the whole system at laboratory-scale: fuel section; fuel cleaning section; fuel processing section; SOFC CCHP section, for the production of electrical and thermal (cooling and heating) power; carbon capturing module (in Demonstration 1).
This level of analysis is preparatory to the Demonstration Axis.
GOALS of Lab-scale Experimental Analysis Axis Month
Lab-scale results on influence of pollutants on SOFC anodes and fuel
processing reactions, and gas cleaning (both WWTU biogas and
gasification gas): Guidelines for implementation of proofs-of-concepts.
M12
Lab-scale results on influence of pollutants on SOFC anodes and fuel
processing reactions, and gas cleaning (both WWTU biogas and
gasification gas): Scientific advances in poisoning mechanisms
M18
Lab-scale: carbon sequestration technologies: Guidelines for
implementation of proofs-of-concept 1
M21
Project achievements
Goal System Analysis:
DEMO Design; Scenario Analysis
SCHEMATIC MODELS (ASPEN+) FOR SOFC-BASED PLANTS
Biogas processing unit SOFC anode section
SOFC exhaust
gases combustion
Project achievements
Advanc. DEMO example:
plant in Torino (IT)
REV
0
1
2
REVISION DESCRIPTION DATE BY CHK APP
TITLE
Nutrients removal
unit.pptx
SCALE - NTS SHEET 1 OF 1
© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
Allentown, Pennsylvania
and/or
Air Products, PLC
Hersham, England
As of dates in REVISIONS list
All rights reserved
ABC01/01/01First draft of the unit ABC ABC
SOFCOM: Nutrients
removal unit using
CO2 and
microorganism
.
.
.. . .
.. . .
CO
NF
IDE
NT
IAL
AN
D
PR
OP
RIE
TA
RY
DA
TA
:T
his
dra
win
g i
s the p
ropert
y of
Air P
roducts
and C
hem
icals
, In
c.
and/o
r subsid
iari
es,
and m
ust
be a
ccoun
ted f
or
and r
etu
rned t
o t
he c
om
pan
y u
pon r
equ
est.
In
form
ation o
n t
his
dra
win
g i
s c
onfidential
and p
ropri
eta
ry i
nfo
rmation
of
Air P
roducts
and m
ust
not
be u
sed,
copie
d,
repro
duced,
or
dis
clo
sed t
o o
thers
in w
hole
or
in p
art
, w
ithout
pro
per
auth
ori
zation
. T
his
dra
win
g m
ay
not
be r
epro
duce
d o
r used f
or
purp
oses o
ther
than t
hat
for
whic
h i
t w
as s
upplie
d.
P-304
PCV-102 V-105
PSV-104
TO VENT
PI
103
PI
101
C-300
V-326
Drain
FC-108
MFC
XV-112
S
A B
CDV-320
PSH
306
CV-110
P-200WasteWater
Tap Water
2 bars
Treated Water
A B
CDV-324
Algae PurgeV-302
FI-
308
V-200
CV-200
CO2 from
Dryer
CO2 from
SOFC
PT
322
ANA
TP
ANA
TN
TI
316
LightI
314
T-120
V-122
CV-360 V-380
FT
310
FC-350
MFC
V-318
V-312
Biogas procressing unit Anode exhaust oxy-combustor unit
CO2/H2O separation unit Photo-bio-reactor unit
Project achievements
Advanc. LAB example:
biogas contaminant tests
Contaminant Model
Compound
Low
Value
High Value
Hydrocarbons C2H4 0 100 ppm
Halocarbons C2Cl4 0 1 ppm
Siloxanes D5 0 1 ppm
Other contaminants:
• HCl
• L4
• acetylene
Project achievements
Criteria and performance/research
Indicators (to be achieved):
Claim 1.
Fuel issues considering detailed poisoning mechanisms, advancing in
cleaning and processing technologies (just started)
Claim 2.
Define and operate new proof-of-concept fuel cell systems fully integrated
with biomass processing units and carbon sequestration and handling technologies
(good advancement)
Claim 3.
Maintenance, safety, repair and de-commissioning of fuel cell systems on a
demonstration scale (not yet started)
Alignment to MAIP/AIP
Correlation of the project with the corresponding Application Area
Overall Objective How SOFCOM addresses the Overall
Objective
The programme aims to achieve the principal technical and
economic requirements that will be needed if fuel cells are to
compete with existing energy conversion technologies. These
include high electrical efficiencies of 45%+ for power systems
and of 80%+ for CHP systems, with lower emissions and use
of non-fossil fuels. Focused efforts will be required to address
lifetime requirements of 40,000 hours for fuel cell systems,
and to meet commercial cost targets, which will vary
according to the type of application.
SOFCOM foresees the final demonstration of complete biofuel-
fed SOFC systems in CCHP configuration, which will achieve
electrical efficiencies 50%+, overall efficiencies of 80%+, and
eventually a complete use of the H and C atoms in the primary
fuel, as the excess fuel will be stored in form of algae: therefore,
a potential exergy efficiency of 90%+.
Demonstration activities target proof-of-concept, technology
validation or field demonstrations, depending upon
technological maturity. Proof-of-concept activities will take
place within in-house test facilities at a representative scale,
validation activities either in-house or in the field in a
representative environment, whilst field demonstrations will
be required to be undertaken in a real operating environment
with end-users.
SOFCOM foresees two final demonstration of complete biofuel-
fed SOFC systems:
DEMO 1 Torino (IT): field demonstration of WWTU biogas-fed
SOFC with CO2 recovery and reuse; real operating
environment.
DEMO 2 Helsinki (FI): technology validation within in-house test
facility of bio-syngas-fed SOFC; in-house validation.
Field demonstration activities are split into small (residential
and commercial applications) and large (distributed
generation or other industrial or commercial applications)
scale.
Any validation proposal must show that proof-of-concept has
been successfully undertaken, and any field demonstration
proposal should show that both proof-of-concept and
validation activities have been successfully completed.
The DEMO 1 in Torino is a small demonstration activity but
performed in a real industrial application scale.
The DEMO 2 in Helsinki is a small demonstration activity but
with emphasis on future scale-up (biomass gasification fuel).
Alignment to MAIP/AIP Project activities & results/achievements versus MAIP/AIP document targets
MAIP target How SOFCOM addresses the MAIL target
Development of proof of concept
prototypes that combine fuel cell units
into complete systems
The present project foresees the development of two proof-of-concept demonstration plants,
which integrates SOFCs into complete systems: WWTU-SOFC in CCHP (Torino); bio-syngas-
SOFC (Helsinki)
Maintenance and repair issues to
reduce downtimes from known failure
mechanisms
The repair and maintenance activities are the core of the Work Packages dedicated to
Demonstration 1 and Demonstration 2; also, the formulation of repair strategies, the monitoring
analysis on the long run, and the development of pre-normative results leading to recommended
practices for those plants will be part of the final results of the project.
Identification of technical and
economic requirements in order to be
competitive in the marketplace
This part is analysed in the last period, following the real experience performed in the
Demonstration Activity, with a scale-up analysis of the integrated SOFC systems studied.
Validation activities, performed in a
real system environment or with real
equipment in a simulated system
environment
The proof-of-concept validation of the tested systems on the demonstration sites will be one of the
main results of the project; this will be followed by a close examination of the lessons learned,
which will eventually enable us to identify the reliability of the SOFC integrated systems,
weaknesses, and eventually to establish the market maturity.
Fulfilment of the diverse application
needs
The demonstration completely fulfils all the application needs listed in the Topic: combine fuel cell
units into complete systems, integration and testing with fuel delivery and processing subsystems;
interface with devices featuring delivery of customer requirements (power, heat, cooling and CO2
capture).
Validation of the whole system built,
supply chain, costs targets, including
life-cycle considerations and
integration into power plants and
networks
This validation will be achieved through the scale-up analysis of the integrated SOFC systems,
following the real experience performed in the Demonstration Activity; life-cycle and economic
assessments will be also performed within the WPs dedicated to the concept design of the energy
systems and their techno-economic analysis
Establishment of quality control
procedures and techniques to ensure
quality of systems
Fully-automated test procedures and advanced control systems will be employed on tested units
to produce a reliable and reproducible monitoring of the performance, and safe control of the
overall systems and its components.
Addressing relevant manufacturing
solutions linked to the validation of fuel
cell systems
The most relevant manufacturing solutions are defined in the concept design of the systems
(WP4 and WP5), will be applied in the demonstrations (WP6 and WP7) and will be analysed and
validated in the final analysis of the lessons learned (WP8).
Alignment to MAIP/AIP
Priorities and topics possibly under/over-estimated in the AIPs
POWER-TO-GAS PROCESSES (strictly related to FCH JU topics)
Landfill gas
Renewable
power peak
(wind, PV,…) PEM/Alkali/SOEC
electrolysis
PEM/Alkali/SOEC
electrolysis H2
Hydrogen
Sabatier
reaction Biomethane
Renewable
Energy Source Process Product
H2O
Biogas from
OW (FORSU) Tailored low cost
purification
Biomethane CO2
Tailored low cost
purification
Biomethane
CO2
Power
condi-
tioning
Cross-cutting issues
Cross-Cutting Issues
Cross-Cutting Issues How SOFCOM addresses the Cross-Cutting Issues
Training and Education Erasmus Mundus II PhD (SELECT+) and MSc (SELECT) in Environomical Pathways
for Sustainable Energy Systems
SELECT (www.exploreselect.eu) considers the conversion chain, from primary
energy source to final energy service delivered to mankind. The Program is a joint
consortium formed by KTH (Royal Institute of Technology, SW), POLITO (Politecnico
di Torino, IT), Aalto University (Eespo, FL), TU/e (Eindhoven University of
Technology, NL), UPC (Barcelona Tech, SP), IST (Lisbon, PT) and AGH (Warsaw,
PL). Many Companies are partners for different activities (Internships, Final Thesis,
etc.). The specialization on Fuel Cells is offered by POLITO, with the coordination of
Prof. Santarelli. Thus, the SOFCOM project will be strictly related to the activities of
the PhD and MSc.
Safety, Regulations, Codes and Standards
One of the principal outcome of SOFCOM is to impact the standardisation activities in
the areas related to the operation, management and maintenance of SOFC CCHP
systems fed by biogenous fuels. The collaboration with RC&S Institutes is done at the
level of the international RC&S institutes: Prof. Santarelli is member of the ISO/TC
197 “Hydrogen Technologies”, IEC/TC 105 Fuel Cells, of the RC&SWG of IPHE.
Dissemination & public awareness
The Dissemination is performed by a web site (www.sofcom.eu, active since M1),a
Newsletter (First Issue August 2012), several participation to conferences
Information on publications Journal Papers: 12
Participation to Conferences (10, of which 3 invited speaker)
Patents: 3 patents deposited
Technology Transfer / Collaborations
Enhancing cooperation and future perspectives
Project SOFCOM interaction
ENEFIELD “European-wide field trials for
residential fuel cell micro-CHP” (FCH JU 2011)
Data on SOFC performances and reliability, installation
requirements
Collaboration in the RC&S topics
BIOALMA “Biofuels from Algae” (National 2011) Algae and photo-bio-reactors (DEMO 1 Torino)
PRIN 2009 “Experimental and energy-strategy
analysis of the use of syngas from coal and
biomass to feed SOFC systems integrated with
CO2 separation processes” (National 2011)
Syngas-fed SOFC: cleaning, procesing, degradation issues
Technologies and processes for CO2 separation from
anode exhausts
OZ-BOX “Design of Balance of Plant of a
integrated SOFC stack” (National 2011)
All issues connected to exigencies of real installation of a
SOFC system in a indutrial environment.
RES-COGEN “Economic analysis of FC-based
CHP systems” (National 2011)
Data concerning the design and the operation costs of a
real SOFC CHP installation
Project Future Perspectives
Enhancing cooperation and future perspectives
Strict integration and enhancement of future power-to-gas (P2G) processes at EU level
WWTU gasSOFCOM DEMO 1
Renewablepower peak(wind, PV,…)
PEM/Alkali/SOECelectrolysis
PEM/Alkali/SOECelectrolysis
H2
Hydrogen
Sabatierreaction
Biomethane
RenewableEnergy Source
Process Product
H2O
Bio-syngasSOFCOM DEMO 2
SOFC + CO2 recoveryfrom anode exhaust
CCHPCO2
SOFC + CO2 recoveryfrom anode exhaust
CCHP
CO2
Powercondi-tioning
SOFC
OM
P2
G
SOFC-basedplant