Sociology part 9 and 10
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Transcript of Sociology part 9 and 10
Sociology UNIT 9
Social disorganization and major social problems
(factors of social disorganisation)
Social disorganization1. Social disorganization is the process opposed to
social organization.2. Social organization -“ some fundamental concepts”
Characteristic of Social disorganization
1. Conflicts of mores and of institution2. Transfer of functions fromone group to another3. Individuation4. Change in the Role and Status of the Individuals
Causes of Social disorganization
1. Division of Labour
2. Violation of Social Rules
3. Industrialization
4. Cultural Lag
5. Natural Catastrophes
6. War
7. Maladaptation of Inherited Nature to Culture
Major Social Problems
1. Poverty
2. Unemployment
3. Beggary
4. Crime
5. War
6. Other social issues
Sociology UNIT 10
case study
(sociological study of neighbourhood in an urban area)
Auguste Compte
1. 1798-18572. France3. At the age of 16th he joined Ecole Polytechnique
Celetrial Physics, Terrestrial Physics (Mechanical or Chemical)
Astronomical, physical, chemical, Physiological
But Social physics to Sciology
Methodology
Observation, Experiment, Comparison, Historical method
Auguste Compte
Two kind of major partsStatic and Dynamic
Static Sociology: Study of sociology consists in the investigation of the laws of action and reaction of the different parts of social systems.
Dynamic Sociology: Study of the continuous movement of social phenomena through time.
Auguste Compte
The law of three Stages
1. Theological or Fictious Stage
Priests and Military
2. The Meta Physical or Abstract stage
Churchman and lawyers
3. The positive or Scientific stage
Industrial administration and scentists
Max Weber
1.Born at 1864-19202.Germany 3.He studied Law, then he shifted to study of
social sciences.4.His PhD thesis was on the “History of
Commercial Society in the Middle Ages”5.In 1896, he became the professor of economics.6.Social Action7.Types of Authority
Max Weber
Social Action1.Zweck rational Action
Relation to Goal (Engineering, Army)2.Wert rational Action
Also rational Action but in-relation to values
3.Affective ActionAction is emotional
4.Traditional ActionAction is directed by beliefs and customs which become habituated.
Max Weber
Types of AuthorityAccording to Weber Authority relations refer to those
relations of men whereby some men feel that they have alegitimate right to expect willing obedience fromother peopleto their command.1.Rational-Legal Authority
Based on laws, rules and regulations2.Traditional Authority
Based on domination of past customs and traditions3.Charismatic Authority
Based on extra-ordinary devotion to sacred quality or exemplary character of a person
Karl Marx
1.Born at 1818-18832.He studied Law, then he shifted to study of
philosophy.3.At the age of 23 he received doctorate degree.4.Dialectical materialism5.Economic infrastructure and socio-economic
superstructure.6.Theory of class and class conflict.
Dialectical materialism1. All the phenomena of nature are part of an
integrated whole;2. Nature is in a continuous stage of movement
and change;3. The developmental process is a product of
quantitative advances which culminate inabrupt qualitative changes;
4. Contradictions are inherent in all realmofnature – particularly human society.
Karl Marx
Karl Marx
Economic infrastructure and
socio-economic superstructure.
Theory of class and class conflict1. Conflict over the distribution of economic rewards
between the classes;2. Easy communication between the individuals in the same
class positions so that ideas and action programmes arereadily disseminated;
3. Growth of class consciousness in the sense that themembers of the class have a feeling of solidity andunderstanding of their historical role.
4. Profound dissatisfaction of the lower class over its inabilityto control the economic structure of which it feels itself tobe the exploited victims;
5. Establishment of a political organization resulting from theeconomic structure the historical situation and maturationof the class consciousness.
The Main aspects of Marx’s Theory of Class Conflict
1. The development of the proletariat2. The impotence of property3. The identification of economic and political power and
authority4. Polarization of classes5. The theory of surplus value6. Pauperization7. Alienation8. Class solidarity and antagonism9. Revolution10. The dictatorship of the proletariat11. Inauguration of the communist society