AHIS 501: Problems in the History and Theory of Collecting and Display

Cultures of Curiosity in the Early Modern Period

This seminar will explore in detail the myriad facets of the 'culture of curiosity' in Early Modern Europe.

Adopting an interdisciplinary approach that embraces art history, literary criticism, anthropology,

intellectual and social history, we will explore how the 'impulse to know' affected the consumption,

display and comprehension of objects ca. 1550 to ca. 1760. Curiosity and neighboring concepts such as

wonder, rarity and the marvelous were fundamental not only to collecting, but also intellectual life from

the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. As such, this course will examine the world of goods within the

richly varied contexts of Early Modern philosophy, scholarship, antiquarianism, travel, science and

aesthetics. We will address topics such as the emergence of the 'cabinet of curiosities' or Kunst- und

Wunderkammer; the impact of international trade, encounters with the New World, and the vogue for

exotica; mechanical marvels and the status of magic; paper museums and pictures of collections; the

identities and motives of differing types of collector (princes, scholars, merchants, artists, etc.); and the

theory and practice of collecting and display. Throughout, we will pay close attention to the ways in

which ideas, objects and social contexts interacted, and we will draw on the Special Collections of the

Getty Research Institute and Museum to augment our readings.

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Dr Alexander MarrAssociate Professor of Art History

amarr@usc.edu

Office Hours: Thursday, 10-12, or by appointment

Getty Research Institute (and other locations – see syllabus) Tuesday, 2-4:50pm

Recommended Purchases:

Paula Findlen, Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994).

Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 (New York: Zone Books, 1998).

R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006).

GRI Parking and Library Information

The code for free parking at the GRI is: 3506413

The class paging information for Special Collections material is:

Patron ID: sp440  Last name: class

Please order Special Collections material via the GRI on-line catalogue: http://www.getty.edu/research/

Assignments:

Oral

1. Participation (10%)

All students are expected to read carefully the articles set each week and to play an active role in all class discussions.

2. Special Collections Discussion Leadership (20%)

Each week, one student will act as discussion leader for our Special Collections session. The student is expected to study the primary sources selected for the week in question, provide a brief (10-15 minutes) introduction to them, and lead our discussion. Special credit will be given to those students who, in addition to discussing the sources listed, select additional primary sources from the GRI.

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NB You will be responsible for paging the selected Special Collections material for the group session – please don’t forget! You must order material for the class AT LEAST 2 days in advance.

Space in the Special Collections reading room is limited. Students must book a seat for the individual study they will undertake prior to class well in advance.

3. Origins of Museums Assignment (15%) [see separate sheet]

In Week 8, each student will deliver a short, 10-15 minute presentation on one of the collections written about in Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor (eds.), The Origins of Museums: The Cabinet of Curiosities in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Europe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001 [first ed., 1985]). Students should use primary sources from the GRI to illustrate their presentation. Topics will be assigned in the first week of class.

Written

1. Origins of Museums Assignment (15%) [see separate sheet]

You must submit a formal, 2,500-word paper on your Origins of Museums topic by October 26th. Your paper must be footnoted and include a bibliography. It should not simply be a transcript of your presentation. Treat your written submission in the same way you would a research paper.

2. Research Paper (40%)

The major, written component of the course is the research paper. The topic may be on any aspect of the culture of curiosity in the Early Modern period. You must have chosen your topic, in consultation with me, by Week 7 (October 5th). You will submit an abstract and annotated bibliography by Week 13 (November 16th). The final paper, which should be approx. 25-30 pages long, and which should include footnotes and a bibliography, must be submitted by December 6th.

Timetable

Week 1 (August 24): Getty Research Institute (GRI)

Introduction to Class

Introduction to class themes, assignments, and Getty Research Institute

Week 2 (August 30): GRI

The Age of Curiosity

Krzystof Pomian, Collectors and Curiosities: Paris and Venice, 1500-1800, trans. Elizabeth Wiles-Portier (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), Chapter 2: 'The Age of Curiosity', pp. 45-64.

Joy Kenseth (ed.), The Age of the Marvelous (Hanover, NH: Hood Museum of Art, 1991), 'Introduction', pp. 25-59.

Neil Kenny, Curiosity in Early Modern Europe: Word Histories (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998), pp. 21-43.

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William Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 58-66 ('Secrets, Magic, and the Polemic against Curiosity').

Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 (New York: Zone Books, 1998), pp. 120-126 ('Curiosity and the Preternatural), 303-316 ('Ravening Curiosity' and 'Curiosity and Wonder Allied').

Alexander Marr, 'Introduction', in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 1-20.

Introduction to Special Collections material with Peter Bonfitto, GRI Special Collections Librarian

Week 3 (September 7): GRI

Artists, Artisans, and Prince-Practitioners

Pamela H. Smith, The Body of the Artisan: Art and Experience in the Scientific Revolution (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2004), Chapter 2: 'Artisan Epistemology', pp. 59-93.

Pamela H. Smith, 'In a Sixteenth-Century Goldsmith's Workshop', in Lissa Roberts, Simon Schaffer and Peter Dear (eds.), The Mindful Hand: Inquiry and Invention from the Late Renaissance to Early Industrialisation (Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2007), pp. 33-58.

Suzanne B. Butters, The Triumph of Vulcan: Sculptors' Tools, Porphyry, and the Prince in Ducal Florence (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1996), Chapter 14: 'Princely Tempering: Dukes Cosimo and Francesco de' Medici', pp. 241-268.

Bruce T. Moran, ‘German Prince-Practitioners: Aspects in the Development of Courtly Science, Technology, and Procedures in the Renaissance’, Technology and Culture, vol. 22, no. 2 (1981), pp. 253-274.

Klaus Maurice, Sovereigns as Turners: Materials on a Machine Art by Princes (Zurich: Ineichen, 1985) – no specific pages to read, but please look through this book (incl. illustrations) as preparation for Special Collections session. This book is at the class reserve in GRI.

Special Collections Material:

Charles Plumier, L’Art de tourner, ou, De faire en perfection toutes sortes d’ouvrages au tour (Lyon, 1701). Call number: TT201. P68 1701

Jacques Besson, Theatrum instrumentorum et machinarum (Orleans, 1569). Call number: TJ144. B55 l569

Paolo Maria Terzago, Musaeum Septalianum: Manfredi Septalae patritii Mediolanensis industrioso labore constructum (Tortona, 1664). Call number: 88-B23987

Paolo Maria Terzago, Museo, ò Galeria, adunata dal sapere e dallo studio del sig. canonico Manfredo Settala (Tortona, 1666). Call number: 85-B25073

Gaspar Grollier de Servière, Recueil d’ouvrages curieux de mathematique et de mecanique: ou Description du cabinet de monsieur Grollier de Serviere (Lyon, 1719). Call number: T44. G87

Week 4 (September 17): GRI

Alchemy

William R. Newman, Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2004), Chapter 3: ‘The Visual Arts and Alchemy’, pp. 115-163.

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Bruce T. Moran, Distilling Knowledge: Alchemy, Chemistry, and the Scientific Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), Chapter 2: ‘“That Pleasing Novelty”: Alchemy in Artisan and Daily Life’, pp. 37-66.

Tara Nummedal, Alchemy and Authority in the Holy Roman Empire (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), Chapter 2: ‘The Alchemist’s Personae’, pp. 40-72.

Painting: Cornelis Bega, The Alchemist (1633), Getty Museum.

If you have time, read: Peter Forshaw, ‘Curious Knowledge and Wonder-Working Wisdom in the Occult Works of Heinrich Khunrath’, in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 107-129.

Special Collections: Session with Jeremy Glatstein, USC, and David Brafman, Curator of Manuscripts, GRI

NB Please attend if you can the USC-Huntington Early Modern Studies Institute workshop ‘Alchemy and Authority’. Huntington Library, Friday 17th September, 9:30-3:30.

Week 5 (September 21): Huntington Library (note different venue)

Naturalists and Natural Magicians

Rosalie L. Colie, ‘Cornelis Drebbel and Salomon de Caus: Two Jacobean Models for Salomon’s House’, Huntington Library Quarterly, vol. 18, no. 3 (1955), pp. 245-260.

William Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), Chapter 6: 'Natural Magic and the Secrets of Nature'.

Sachiko Kusukawa, ‘Leonhart Fuchs on the Importance of Pictures’, Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 58, no. 3 (1997), pp. 403-427.

Deborah E. Harkness, The Jewel House: Elizabethan London and the Scientific Revolution (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005), Chapter 1: ‘Living on Lime Street’, pp. 15-56 and part of Chapter 6: ‘Jewel House, Salamon’s House’, pp. 216-241.

Special Collections Material (Huntington Library):

Matthias de L’Obel, Plantarum seu stirpium icones (Antwerp, 1581). Call number: 482985

Hugh Plat, The Jewell House of Art and Nature (London, 1594). Call number: 21751

John Gerard, The Herball (London, 1597). Call number: 61079

Salomon de Caus, Les raisons des forces mouvantes (Frankfurt, 1615).

John Bate, The Mysteryes of Nature and Art (London, 1634). Call number: 612991

Giambattista della Porta, Natural Magick (London, 1658). Call number: 751506

Prof. Deborah E. Harkness, USC, will join us for this session.

Week 6 (September 28): GRI

Curious Paintings and Sculptures

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Christine Göttler, 'Affectionate Gifts: Rubens's Small Curiosities on Metal Supports', in Katlijne van der Stighelen (ed.), Munuscula Amicorum: Contributions on Rubens and his Colleagues in Honour of Hans Vlieghe (Turnhout: Brepols, 2006), pp. 47-66

Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, The Mastery of Nature: Aspects of Art, Science, and Humanism in the Renaissance (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), Chapter 3: ‘The Nature of Imitation: Hoefnagel on Dürer’, pp. 79-99.

Evonne Levy, 'Ottaviano Jannella: Micro-Sculptor in the Age of the Microscope', The Burlington Magazine, vol. 144, no. 1192 (2002), pp. 420-428

Claudia Swan, Art, Science, and Witchcraft in Early Modern Holland: Jacques de Gheyn II (1565-1629) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), Chapter 2: 'Making Nature: The Lugt Album', pp. 66-94.

Special Session in Getty Museum

Joris Hoefnagel, Mira calligraphiae monumenta (1561-2 and 1591-6)

Hans Bol, Landscape with the Story of Venus and Adonis (1589)

Hans Hoffman, Flowers and Beetles (1582)

Hans Hoffman, Hare in the Forest (1585)

Jan Brueghel the Younger and Hendrik van Balen, Landscape with Ceres (1630s)

Jan Brueghel the Younger and Frans Francken the Younger, Landscape with Allegories of the Four Elements (1635)

Gerrit Dou, An Astronomer (late 1650s)

Jan van Kessel, Butterflies, Insects, and Currants (1650-55)

Week 7 (October 5): GRI

Museums, Cabinets of Curiosities, and Kunst- und Wunderkammern

Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, The Mastery of Nature: Aspects of Art, Science, and Humanism in the Renaissance (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993), Chapter 7: 'From Mastery of the World to Mastery of Nature: The Kunstkammer, Politics, and Science', pp. 174-194

Paula Findlen, Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), Chapter 1: 'A World of Wonders in One Closet Shut', pp. 17-47.

Dora Thornton, The Scholar in his Study: Ownership and Experience in Renaissance Italy (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995), pp. 69-75

Barbara Maria Stafford and Frances Terpak, Devices of Wonder: From the World in a Box to Images on a Screen (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001), pp. 158-164.

Mark. A Meadow, 'Merchants and Marvels: Hans Jacob Fugger and the Origins of the Wunderkammer', in Pamela H. Smith and Paula Findlen (eds.), Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe (New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 182-200.

Neil Kenny, 'The Metaphorical Collecting of Curiosities in Early Modern France and Germany', in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 43-62.

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Object: Germany (Augsburg), Display Cabinet (ca. 1630):

http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=1404

Special Collections Material:

Samuel Quicchelberg, Inscriptiones, vel, Titvli theatri amplissimi (Munich, 1565). Call number: AM4 .Q5 1565

Ole Worm, Museum Wormianum (Leiden, 1655). Call number: QH70.D4 W67 1655

Heinrich Johann Bytemeister, Henrici Johannis Bytemeister Bibliothecae appendix, sive, Catalogus apparatus curiosorum artificialium et naturalium (Helmstedt, 1735). Call number: 2837-310

Week 8 (October 12): GRI

Origins of Museums Assignment

Week 9 (October 19): GRI

Paper Museums

David Freedberg, The Eye of the Lynx: Galileo, His Friends, and the Beginnings of Modern Natural History (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 15-64.

Claudia Swan, The Clutius Botanical Watercolors (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998), pp. 7-15 (plus look at images).

Peter Parshall, 'Art and the Theatre of Knowledge: The Origins of Print Collecting in Northern Europe', in Print Collecting in Sixteenth and Eighteenth Century Europe, special issue of Harvard University Art Museums Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 3 (1994), pp. 7-36.

Mark P. Macdonald, '"Extremely Curious and Important!": Reconstructing the Print Collection of Ferdinand Columbus', in Christopher Baker, Caroline Elam, and Genevieve Warwick (eds.), Collecting Prints and Drawings in Europe, c. 1500-1750 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 37-54.

Renée Kistemaker, Natalya Kopaneva, Debora Meijers and Georgy Vilinbakhov (eds.), The Paper Museum of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, c.1725–1760 (Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2005), Introduction.

Special Collections Material:

Giovanni Pietro Olina, Uccelliera, ouero, Discorso della natura, e proprieta di diuersi uccelli (Rome, 1684 [first ed., 1623]). Call number: 87-B2905

Giovanni Batista Ferrari, De florum cultura libri IV (Rome, 1633). Call number: SB407 .F47 1633

Giovanni Batista Ferrari, Hesperides, siue, De malorum aureorum cultura et vsu libri quatuor (Rome, 1646). Call number: SB369 .F67 1646

Week 10 (October 26): GRI

Travel, Exotica and Ethnographica

Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor (eds.), The Origins of Museums: The Cabinet of Curiosities in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Europe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001 [first ed., 1985]):

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J.C.H. King, ‘North American Ethnography and the Collection of Sir Hans Sloane’, pp. 319-325.Ezio Bassani and Malcolm McLeod, ‘African Material in Early Collections’, pp. 339-344. Julian Raby, ‘Exotica from Islam’, pp. 345-353.John Ayers, ‘The Early China Trade’, pp. 355-363.Oliver Impey, ‘Japan: Trade and Collecting in Seventeenth-Century Europe’, pp. 365-374.Robert Skelton, ‘Indian Art and Artefacts in Early European Collecting’, pp. 375-382.

Anthony Alan Shelton, ‘Cabinets of Transgression: Renaissance Collections and the Incorporation of the New World’, in John Elsner and Roger Cardinal (eds.), The Cultures of Collecting (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), pp. 177-203.

Wes Williams, ‘Curiosity, Danger, and the Poetics of Witness in the Renaissance Traveller’s Tale’, in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 21-41.

Adriana Turpin, ‘The New World Collections of Duke Cosimo I de’Medici and their Role in the Creation of a Kunst- und Wunderkammer in the Palazzo Vecchio’, in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 63-85.

Elke Bujok, 'Ethnographica in Early Modern Kunstkammern and their Perception', Journal of the History of Collections, vol. 21, no. 1 (2009), pp. 33-47.

Special Collections Material

Sebastian Münster, Cosmographey: das ist, Beschreibung aller Länder (Basel, 1598). Call number: G113 .M75 1598.

Abraham Ortelius, Theatrum orbis terrarum (Antwerp, 1573). Call number: G1006 .T4 1573.

NB Additional Special Collections material to be listed.

NB Please attend if you can the USC-Huntington Early Modern Studies Institute Workshop:Global Visions: Material Exchanges in the Early Modern World

Location: Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino. Time: 10am-4pm.

Week 11 (November 2): GRI

Picturing Collections

Michael John Gorman and Alexander Marr, ‘“Others see it yet otherwise”: Disegno and Pictura in a Flemish Gallery Interior’, The Burlington Magazine, vol. 149 (2007), pp. 85-91.

Ariane van Suchtelen, 'Room for Art in Seventeenth-Century Antwerp: An Introduction', in Ariane van Suchtelen (ed.), Room for Art in Seventeenth-Century Antwerp (Antwerp: Rubenshuis, 2009), pp. 16-55.

Alexander Marr (ed.), Picturing Collections in Early Modern Europe, special issue of Intellectual History Review, vol. 20, no. 1 (2010):

Alexander Marr, 'Introduction' and 'The Flemish "Pictures of Collections" Genre: An Overview'.

Sven Dupré, 'Trading Glass, Picturing Collections and Consuming Objects of Knowledge in Early eventeenth-Century Antwerp'.

Annette de Vries, 'The Hand of the Artist: Reflections on the Notion of Techne in some Antwerp Gallery Paintings by Frans II Francken and his Circle'.

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Frances Gage, '"Some Stirring or Changing of Place': Vision, Judgement and Mobility in Pictures of Galleries'.

Special Collections Material:

David Teniers the Younger, Theatrum pictorium (Antwerp, 1660). Call number: 86-B21709

David Teniers the Younger, Theatrum pictorium (Antwerp, 1673). Call number: 86-B26401

David Teniers the Younger, Theatrum pictorium (Antwerp, 1684). Call number: ND614.T37 1684

Prof. Sven Dupré, University of Ghent, will join us for this session

Week 12 (November 9): GRI

Virtuosi

Walter E. Houghton, Jr., 'The English Virtuoso in the Seventeenth Century', Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 3 (1942), pp. 51-73 (part I) and 190-219 (part II).

Craig Ashley Hanson, The English Virtuoso: Art, Medicine, and Antiquarianism in the Age of Empiricism (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2009), ‘Introduction’ (pp. 1-20) and Chapter 2: ‘From the “Applying of Colours” to “the Politer Parts of Learning”. Art and the Virtuosi after the Restoration’ (pp. 58-92).

Claire Preston, 'The Jocund Cabinet and the Melancholy Museum in Seventeenth-Century English Literature', in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 87-130.

William Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), Chapter 9: 'The Virtuosi and the Secrets of Nature' (pp. 301-318 0.

Special Collections Material:

William Salmon, Polygraphice (London, 1672). Call number: N7420 .S2 1672.

Roland Fréart, A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the Modern, trans. John Evelyn (London, 1664). Call number: NA2810 .F84 1664.

John Evelyn, Sculptura (London, 1755). Call number: 84-B25944.

Week 13 (November 16): GRI

Devices of Wonder

Barbara Maria Stafford and Frances Terpak, Devices of Wonder: From the World in a Box to Images on a Screen (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001), pp. 222-281, 297-306,

Alexander Marr, ‘Gentille curiosité: Wonder-working and the Culture of Automata in the late Renaissance’, in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 149-170.

Stuart Clarke, Vanities of the Eye: Vision in Early Modern European Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), Chapter 3: 'Prestiges: Illusions in Magic and Art', pp. 78-122.

Special Session with Frances Terpak, Curator, GRI, and the Nekes Collection of Optical Devices

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http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=340454

Week 14 : (November 23): GRI

Naturalia and the Preternatural

Lorraine Daston and Katherine Park, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 (New York: Zone Books, 1998), Chapter 5: 'Monsters: A Case Study' (pp. 173-214 0

Barbara Maria Stafford and Frances Terpak, Devices of Wonder: From the World in a Box to Images on a Screen (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001), pp. 165-171.

Paula Findlen, 'Inventing Nature: Commerce, Art, and Science in the Early Modern Cabinet of Curiosities', in Pamela H. Smith and Paula Findlen (eds.), Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe (New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 297-323.

Claudia Swan, ‘Collecting Naturalia in the Shadow of Early Modern Dutch Trade’, in Londa Schiebinger and Claudia Swan (eds.), Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce and Politics in the Early Modern World (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), pp. 223-236.

Ann Goldgar, Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), Chapter 1: 'Something Strange' and Chapter 2: 'Art and Flowers'.

Special Collections Material:

Georg Rumpf, D’Amboinsche rariteitkamer (Amsterdam, 1705). Call number: 2828-663

Emanuel Sweerts, Florilegium Emanuelis Sweerti Septimonti Batavi (Frankfurt am Main, 1612). Call number: 84-B8206

Konrad Lykosthenes, Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon (Basel, 1557). Call number: AG241 .L9 1557

Conrad Gessner, Historiae animalium (Zurich, 1551-1587). QL41 .G39 1551

Week 15 (November 30): GRI

Materia Medica and Body Curiosity

Paula Findlen, Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting, and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994), Chapter 6: ‘Museums of Medicine’ (pp. 241-287).

Antonio Barrera, 'Local Herbs, Global Medicines: Commerce, Knowledge, and Commodities in Spanish America', in Pamela H. Smith and Paula Findlen (eds.), Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science, and Art in Early Modern Europe (New York: Routledge, 2002), pp. 163-181.

Claudia Swan, 'Making Sense of Medical Collections in Early Modern Holland: The Uses of Wonder', in Pamela H. Smith and Benjamin Schmidt (eds.), Making Knowledge in Early Modern Europe: Practices, Objects, and Texts, 1400-1800 (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2007), pp. 199-213.

Daniela Bleichmar, ‘Books, Bodies, and Fields: Sixteenth-Century Transatlantic Encounters with New World Materia Medica’, in Londa Scheiberger and Claudia Swan (eds.), Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), pp. 83-99.

Deborah Harkness, ‘“Nosce te ipsum”: Curiosity, the Humoural Body, and the Culture of Therapeutics in Late 16th- and Early 17th-Century England’, in R. J. W. Evans and Alexander Marr (eds.), Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), pp. 171-192.

Special Collections Material:

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Andreas Vesalius, Vivae imagines partivm corporis hvmani aereis formis expressae (Antwerp, 1566). Call number: M21 .V472 1566

Giambattista della Porta, De humana physiognomia (Naples, 1602). Call number: 2672-096.

Frederik Ruysch, Opera omnia anatomico-medico-chirurgica (Amsterdam, 1721-1733). Call number: QM21 .R89 1721

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