Socio-economic benefits of ICT diffusion and its ...€¦ · Cost-effective alternative to...
Transcript of Socio-economic benefits of ICT diffusion and its ...€¦ · Cost-effective alternative to...
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Presentation at WTO Symposium on 15th
Anniversary of the ITA Geneva, 14 May 2012
Torbjörn Fredriksson
Chief, ICT Analysis Section UNCTAD
Socio-economic benefits of ICT diffusion and its significance for
trade and development
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The Evolving ICT Landscape (1) Mobiles preferred ICT tool among small businesses
Source: ITU
Mobile subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by country group, 2000-2010
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The Evolving ICT Landscape (2) New forms of mobile use
Text messaging (SMS)
Mobile money
Expanding especially in Africa
Only 5 systems in the EU*
Mobile Internet
Smartphone sales surging
Africa: 84m mobiles already Internet-enabled
China: 12% of Internet users go on-line via the mobile
India: >250m mobile data users
Mobile broadband
Sources: UNCTAD, GSMA, ITU, national data, Gartner, J.M. Ledgard.
Mobile money deployments, 2001-2011
(number of deployments)
* Austria, Belgium, Germany (Mpass), Portugal, UK
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The Evolving ICT Landscape (3) Broadband divides
Sources: UNCTAD, Ookla, ITU.
Average download speeds, selected economies, 2010 (Mbps)
Penetration gap • < 1m fixed broadband subscriptions in LDCs • Person in developed country almost 300 times more likely to have access to fixed broadband than a person in an LDC
Different speed Price differences
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The Evolving ICT Landscape (4) Broadband applications
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Cost-effective
Expanding fast
Restricted in some countries
Social media
Cost-effective alternative to traditional websites
Tool for consumer interaction
Mobile versions require less bandwidth
Global subscriptions of VoIP, Q4 2005-Q2 2010 (millions)
Sources: UNCTAD, ITU, Point Topic.
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Four Facets of the Interface between ICT and Private Sector Development
Source: UNCTAD.
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ICT Production a Key Part of the Private Sector
A vibrant ICT sector contributes to PSD Creates productive jobs, generates export revenue, spurs innovation
Supports ICT use throughout the economy and society
Growing importance in many developing countries 24% of Kenya’s GDP growth in the past decade
Cameroon: ICT sector grew between 15% and 46% per year (2000-08); 60,000 formal and 200,000 informal jobs
India: ICT sector’s share of GDP up from 3.4% (2001) to 5.9% (2008)
New opportunities arising for low-income countries Mobile sector – informal and formal enterprises – >10 million jobs, most of which in airtime distribution
Outsourcing (and crowd-sourcing) of micro-work
Source: UNCTAD, World Bank, Orbicom.
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Mobile Sector Employment, Selected Economies
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Crowd-sourcing of Micro-work a new form of more inclusive outsourcing
Source: UNCTAD, World Bank and ODesk.
Case Amazon Mechanical Turk
• In 2008, 76% of micro-
workers in US, 8% India • In 2010, 47% in US, 34%
in India, remaining 19% in 66 (!) other countries
Hours worked by week via the ODesk platform
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Freelancers in Bangladesh
10,000 freelancers active online
Most service clients in US or Europe
Provide a range of services over the web Software development
Graphic design
Social media marketing, etc
New Central Bank Directive (2011): Revenue should be treated as export-related commercial income rather than as remittances
Source: UNCTAD, BASIS and ITC.
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Mobile phones and dairy farmers in Bhutan
98 per cent of population (690,000) live in rural areas
Mobiles 2005-2010: from 5 to 55 subscriptions/100 people
Now supporting dairy farmers Access to market and price information
Avoid intermediaries – deal directly with customers
Increased direct sales, less waiting time
Improved communications
Mobiles are affordable
Government launched mobile info system – 4 languages
New employment has been created
Support to livelihood of poor farmers
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Composition of ICT Sector Varies Telecommunications dominate in most developing countries
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China
26.7%
Developed
countries
32.6%
Other
developing
Asia
36.6%
LAC
3.8%
Africa
0.2%
Other
economies
0.1%
Exports of ICT Goods Mainly from Asia
2010 data
Source: UNCTAD based on Comtrade.
China in 2010 became world’s largest exporter and
importer of ICT goods
Exports of laptops and other portable processing devices
grew from $25 billion to $125 billion
between 2000 and 2010
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Opportunities and Implications
New ICT landscape opens for more inclusive development
Key areas within ICT sector: Mobile sector
Software – growing local demand, new export channels
Outsourcing/crowdsourcing – ICT-enabled services
It takes more than infrastructure
Need for comprehensive strategies – address the four facets – to reap full development benefit from ICTs
Move from supply to demand-driven interventions
Leverage partnerships with private sector and civil society
Better data needed – especially in services
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Thank You!
The Information Economy Report 2011 can be downloaded free of charge at
www.unctad.org/ier2011.