Socio Economic Analyses, Spatial Condtions and Comparisons · 2011-01-20 · Kaunas County...

Socio Economic Analyses,

Spatial Condtions and Comparisons

ÖSTSAM – Regional Development Council of Östergötland, SERegional Council of Central Finland, FIRegional Council of Pohjois–Savo, FIKaunas County Governor’s Administration, LTRegional Authority of Kujawsko–Pomorskie Voivodship, PL

Defrispartners

WORK PACKAGE 1

Defris – DEVELOPMENT OF FIRST DIVISION REGIONSA project part-fi nanced by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund)

within the BSR INTERREG III B Programme

2 2

List of contents

Introduction 3

Method 4

Population 5Population structure 5Population development 7

Education 7

Regional economy 8GDP 8Income per employed 9Private research and development 12

Work and labour market 13Proportion of active population 13Unemployment 14 Business and access to international markets 15Distribution of employed between sectors 15Establishment by sector 17Newly started enterprices 18Bankrupcies 19Access to international markets 20

Infrastructure 20

Environment 21

Culture and sports 21

2 2

SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING AND WORKING METHODS

3

Work Package 1- Socio Economic Analysis, Spatial Conditions and Comparisons

Introduction

The Defris Project concerns the development of what we call First Division Regions, i.e. medium-sized regions with their own development power.

The current development process strengthens metropolitan areas at the cost of medium-sized regions. But it is possible for medium-sized regions within the geographic infl uence of metropolitan areas to benefi t from this close vicinity while developing their own identity. Medium-sized regions outside the geographic infl uence of metropolitan areas can develop networks together with other regions to strengthen their joint competitiveness in order to keep up with the competition in metropolitan areas.

The part of the joint project presented here, Work Package 1 (WP1), concerns compiling and presenting information, primarily statistics, on the regions covered by the project. These regions are from: Sweden Östergötland; Finland: Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo; Lithuania: Kaunas Region; Poland: the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship. This document is the fi nal report from the joint part of WP1.

The following subjects were dealt with:

-population

-education

-regional economy

-work and labour market

-business and access to international markets

-communication

-environment

-culture and sport

The information compiled provides a picture of the regions that shows the strength of individual regions in competition against an adjacent main region. To make this picture clearer, a comparison is also made between the regions participating in the project and the situation at national level in each country. A comparison is also made with a main region in each country that the project region will relate to (or compete against).

4 4


5

Method

Each of the regions included in the project have compiled the statistics and other information presented in this fi nal report.

The regions participating in the project all have different possibilities of presenting statistics over the subjects in question here. There are differences between the countries with regard access to statistics, and also differences in legislation that sometimes affect the way statistics are presented. But these problems only affect some of the subjects dealt with here and only affect the value of the material to a limited extent.

Comparisons are made between the conditions in each region taking part in the Defris project and the conditions at national level in each country along with the main region in question.

These comparisons make it possible to study the similarities between the countries in statistical patterns n the relationships between First Division regions and main regions.

The main regions that the First Division regions are compared with are for:

The Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship: Pomorskie voivodshipKaunas region: Vilnius regionCentral Finland and Pohjois-Savo: Helsinki regionÖstergötland: Stockholm region

The study has four main problem areas that make a direct comparison between the regions participating in the project pointless.

- One problem is that the conditions for compiling statistics differ between the regions participating in the project so certain chapters of the report lack statistics for some regions.

- Another problem is that statistics only explain complex conditions to a certain extent. Some chapters of the report only use one of many possible variables to explain a relationship.

- A third problem is that the defi nitions within the different regions can vary depending on how the various countries compile and defi ne statistics.

- The regions standing point is on very different level in many of these issues (population, income etc) so direct comparisions are therfore pointless. Regions are however in a rather similar situation in their national contexts.

For some of the subject areas covered by the report, statistics are not of primary interest. We have instead chosen to work with texts that describe the situation.

For each region there is an appendix in which the region is more thoroughly described, but without comparisons to the other regions.

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Population

Population structureIn the Nordic regions the proportion of people between the ages of 20 and 40 lies somewhat below the national level and below the main region level.

In the Nordic regions the generations born in the forties are large. This means that in the next few years’ - large groups of people will retire from the labour market, which could result in a lack of labour.

The age structure in the Kaunas region and in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship follows the age structure of the national level and the main regional level very closely.

Age structure of population in Östergötland 2003

Age structure of population in Pohjois-Savo, 2003

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Age structure of population in Central Finland 2003

Age structure of population in Kaunas region 2003

Age structure of population in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship 2003

Please note that the age groups in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie diagram differ from the other First Division 6Please note that the age groups in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie diagram differ from the other First Division 6regions.6regions.6

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Population developmentSince 1980 Central Finland, Kujawzko-Pomorskie Voivodship and Östergötland have all had a population increase of between fi ve and ten per cent, while the population of Pohjois-Savo has fallen slightly. All four regions with the exception of Kujawsko-Pomorskie have had a lower population development than the national average, and Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland have had a much lower population development than the main region.

Between 2000 and 2003 there has been a population increase in Central Finland and Östergötland, while there has been a decrease in the Kaunas region and Pohjois-Savo. Kujawsko-Pomorskie had about the same population in 2000 as in 2003. Compared to the main region all the regions with the exception of Kujawsko-Pomorskie had a lower growth rate, or a larger decrease, in population in 2000-2003. Kujawsko-Pomorskie, the Kaunas region and Central Finland have had a larger increase in population, or a smaller decrease than the national average, while the population development of Östergötland and Pohjois-Savo has not reached the national average.

EducationThere are major universities in Central Finland, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, the Kaunas Region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland. All fi ve Defris-regions have a lower educational level compared with respective main region. Östergötland, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo lie more below the comparable level in terms of people with higher education than the Kaunas region.

The Kaunas Region is the only region that lies above the national level in terms of population (age 20-64) with tertiary education.

Proportion of population 20-64 years with tertiary education compared to national and main region levels 2003

(national level and main region level=100)

5

Population development

Since 1980 Central Finland, Kujawzko-Pomorskie Voivodship and Östergötland all have hadan increase in population of between five and ten percent, while Pohjois-Savo has had a slightdecrease of population. All the four regions except Kujawsko-Pomorskie have had a lowerpopulation development than the national average, and Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo andÖstergötland have had a much lower population development than the main region.

Between 2000 and 2003 there has been a population increase in Central Finland andÖstergötland, while there has been a decrease in Vilnius region and Pohjois-Savo. Kujawsko-Pomorskie has about the same population 2000 as 2003. Compared to the main region all theregions except Kujawsko-Pomorskie have had a lower growth rate, or a larger decrease, inpopulation between 2000-2003. Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Vilnius region and Central Finlandhave had a larger increase in population, or a smaller decrease than the national average,while the population development of Östergötland and Pohjois-Savo not have reached thenational average.

Education

There are major universities in Central Finland, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Kaunas Region and inÖstergötland. All five Defris-regions have a lower educational level compared with respectivemain region. Östergötland, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo lie morebelow the comparable level in terms of people with higher education than Kaunas region.Kaunas Region is the only region that lies above the national level in terms of population (age20-64) with tertiary education.

Proportion of population 20-64 years with tertiary education compared to national and mainregion levels 2003 (National level and main region level=100)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Östergötland Kaunas Central Finland Pohjois-Savo Kujawsko-Pomorskie

Compared to national level

Compared to Main region level

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Regional economy

GDPThe GDP development rate has been lower in Central Finland, the Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland compared to the main region level during a six-year period. In the Kaunas region and Östergötland the increase has been about as high as the national average but in the two Finnish regions the increase has been somewhat lower than the national average.

Change of GDP (unfi xed prices) per inhabitant 1996- 2000

In all fi ve regions GDP per capita is lower than both the national average and the GDP per capita in the main region. In Östergötland and in the Kaunas region GDP per capita is just about two thirds of that in the main region. In Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship the level is between 80% and 90% of that of the main region. In the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship GDP per capita is similar compared to both the main region level and the national level. This is probably due to the fact that this region is not compared to the capital region but rather to another important region within the country. The four other Defris-regions show a great difference between the comparisons with the main region level and the national level. This is due to the strong economic impact of the capital regions within the countries.

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GDP per persons percentage of national level and main region level, 2002

Income per employedIn all the regions (not including the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship since there is no data available for income per employed for that region) the income per employed is lower compared to both the national level and the main region level. This could indicate two things: that the investment level is lower in the regions than in the country and in the main region or that the working proportion of the population is higher at national level and in the main region.

In Central Finland, the Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland, the income per employed is somewhat lower than the national average. In all these regions the income per employed is between 90% and 100% of the national average. Income per employed in Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo is about 90% of that in the main region. The income per employed in the Kaunas region and Östergötland stands at 80% or somewhat lower than the main region levels.

7


Income per employedIn Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland, the income per employedis somewhat lower than the national average. In all these regions the income per employed isbetween 90% and 100% of the national average. Income per employed in Central Finland andPohjois-Savo is about 90% of that in the main region. Kaunas region and Östergötland havean income per employed which is 80% or somewhat lower than the main region levels.

Income per employed compared to national level and main region level, 2002

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Östergötland region Kaunas region Central Finland Pohjois-Savo region Kujawsko-PomorskieVoivodship

Levl of GDP per person compared to national level

Level of GDP/person compared to main region*

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Östergötland region Kaunas region Central Finland Pohjois-Savo Kujawsko-PomorskieVojvodship


Compared to main region level

10 10


11


The increase of income per employed in the Nordic regions has been lower than the increase of corresponding national average between 1996 and 2002. In Östergötland the increase has also been considerably lower than that of the main region increase.

In the Kaunas region the increase in income per employed has been a bit lower than that of the main region but it has been considerably higher than the national average.

Comparing income per employed in just fi gures gives a quit simple answer to a complex picture. We are aware that income per employed in generally are higher due to the higher cost of living in the main regions compared to the Defris Regions.

7


Income per employedIn Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland, the income per employedis somewhat lower than the national average. In all these regions the income per employed isbetween 90% and 100% of the national average. Income per employed in Central Finland andPohjois-Savo is about 90% of that in the main region. Kaunas region and Östergötland havean income per employed which is 80% or somewhat lower than the main region levels.


0%

10%

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30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Östergötland region Kaunas region Central Finland Pohjois-Savo region Kujawsko-PomorskieVoivodship

Levl of GDP per person compared to national level

Level of GDP/person compared to main region*

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20%

40%

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Compared to main region level

10 10


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Increase of income per employed 1996-2002

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13

Private research and developmentIn Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship research and development is lower than the national average in terms of private R & D per capita. In Pohjois-Savo and the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship it is lower than 50% of the national level. In Östergötland on the other hand private R & D investments are higher than the national average. This is due to the fact that Östergötland has companies with at high R & D input in their production, for example aerospace companies.

Percentage of nation’s private R&D and population in region, 2003

9

Private research and developmentIn Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship research anddevelopment is lower than the national average in terms of private R & D per capita. InPohjois-Savo and Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship it is lower than 50% of the national level.In Östergötland on the other hand private R & D investments are higher than the nationalaverage. This is due to that in Östergötland there are some companies that have high R & Dinput in their production, for example aerospace companies.

Percentage of nation�s private R&D and population in region, 2003

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Östergötland region Kaunas region Central Finland Pohjois-Savo Kujawsko-PomorskieVoivodship

Percentage of national R & D

Percentage of national populati

12 12


13

Work and labour market

Proportion of active population In all the fi ve regions the percentage of working population (as a percentage of age group 20-64 years of age) is lower than that of the main region. The levels vary a great deal between the regions; in Kujawsko-Pomorskie the proportion of active population is almost as high as that in the main region but in Pohjois-Savo it is only 85%. All the regions also have levels of working population that are below the national average, with the exception of the Kaunas region which has a slightly higher rate of working population than Lithuania as a whole.

Proportion working population in region compared to national level and main region level, 2002

10

Work and labour market

Proportion of active populationIn all the five regions the percentage of working population (as a percentage of age group 20-64 years of age) is lower than that of the main region. The levels vary a lot between theregions; in Kujawsko-Pomorskie the proportion of active population is almost as high as thatin the main region but in Pohjois-Savo it is only 85% of that in the main region. All theregions also have levels of working population that are below the national average, exceptKaunas region which has a slightly higher rate of working population than Lithuania as awhole.

Proportion working population in region compared to national level and main region level,2002

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

Östergötland Kaunas region Central Finland Pohjois-Savo Kujawsko-Pomorskie

Working proportion compared to national level

Working proportion compared to main region level

14 14


15

UnemploymentIn three of the regions – Central Finland, the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship and Pohjois-Savo – the unemployment rate is higher than the national average. In those three regions the unemployment rate is between 10% and 25% higher. In Östergötland the unemployment rate is as high as the national average and in the Kaunas region it is just 80% of that of the national average.

Central Finland, the Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland have an unemployment rate that exceeds that of the main region. Östergötland has an extremely high unemployment rate compared to the main region, which is due to the very low unemployment rate in the Stockholm region. Also Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo have very high unemployment rates compared to the main region. The Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship has an unemployment rate that is slightly lower than that of the Pomorskie region.

Unemployment rate in region in relation to national level and main region level 2003

11

UnemploymentIn three of the regions � Central Finland, Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship and Pohjois-Savo� the unemployment rate is higher than the national average. In those three regions theunemployment rate is between 10% and 25% higher. In Östergötland the unemployment rateis as high as the national average and in Kaunas region it is just 80% of that of the nationalaverage.

Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland have an unemployment ratethat exceeds that of the main region. Östergötland has an extremely high unemployment ratecompared to the main region, which is due to the very low unemployment rate in theStockholm region. Also Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo have very high unemploymentrates compared to the main region. Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship has an unemploymentrate that is slightly lower than that of the Pomorskie region.

Unemployment rate in region in relation to national level and main region level 2003

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

200%

Östergötland Kaunas region Central Finland Pohjois-Savo Kujawsko-Pomorskie

Unemployment rate compared to national level

Unemployment rate compared to main region level

14 14


15

Business and access to international markets

Distribution of employed between sectorsIn the four regions Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland three sectors stand out as the most important regarding the number of employees: mining, quarrying and manufacturing, sales, repairs and communications and health and social work. The latter is not that important in the Kaunas region. The least important branches in the regions are: electricity, gas, water and waste, construction and public administration.

Distribution of employed between sectors 2003

When comparing these branches in the regions with the national level you fi nd one branch that is more important than the national average in all the regions – health and social work. Sales, repairs and communication along with fi nance, real estate and business activities are less important in all the regions compared to the national average, with the exception of the latter in the Kaunas region.

In Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland agriculture and forestry are much more important than the national average.

12

Business and access to international markets

Distribution of employed between sectorsIn the four regions Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland threesectors stand out as the most important regarding to number of employees: Mining, quarryingand manufacturing, Sales, repairs and communications and Health and social work. The latterone is not that important in Kaunas region. The least important branches in the regions are:Electricity, gas, water and waste, Construction and Public administration.

Distribution of employed between sectors 2003

When comparing these branches in the regions to the national level you find one branch thatis more important than the national average in all the regions � Health and social work. Sales,repairs and communication as well as Finance, real estate and business activities are lessimportant in all the regions compared to the national average, except the latter one in Kaunasregion.

In Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland agriculture and forestry are much moreimportant than the national average.

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Distribution of employed between sectors 2003, compared to distribution of nation (national average=100)

Compared to the national average, in all the four regions sales, repairs and communications as well as fi nance, real estate and business activities are less or signifi cantly less important than in the main region. Agriculture and forestry are more important in the regions than in the main region. In Pohjois-Savo it is 14 times as important and in Central Finland and Östergötland it is nine and six times as important respectively. Education and research and health and social work are also important branches in all the four regions compared to the main region.

Distribution of employed between sectors 2003, compared to distribution of main region (main region=100)

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Distribution of employed between sectors 2003, compared to distribution of nation (nationalaverage=100)

Compared to the national average, in all the four regions sales, repairs and communications aswell as Finance, real estate and business activities are less or significantly less important thanin the main region. Agriculture and forestry are more important in the regions than in the mainregion. In Pohjois-Savo it is 14 times as important and in Central Finland and Östergötland itis nine and six times as important respectively. Education and research and Health and socialwork are also important branches in all the four regions compared to the main region.

Distribution of employed between sectors 2003, compared to distribution of main region(main region=100)

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Distribution of employed between sectors 2003, compared to distribution of nation (nationalaverage=100)

Compared to the national average, in all the four regions sales, repairs and communications aswell as Finance, real estate and business activities are less or significantly less important thanin the main region. Agriculture and forestry are more important in the regions than in the mainregion. In Pohjois-Savo it is 14 times as important and in Central Finland and Östergötland itis nine and six times as important respectively. Education and research and Health and socialwork are also important branches in all the four regions compared to the main region.

Distribution of employed between sectors 2003, compared to distribution of main region(main region=100)

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atio

n,de

fenc

e et

c. (

NA

CE

75,

99)

Not

spe

cifie

d(N

AC

E 0

0)

Östergötland

Kaunas

Central Finland

Pohjois-Savo

Kujawsko-Pomorskie

0

50

100

150

200

Agr

icul

ture

, for

estr

y,fis

hing

(N

AC

E 0

1-05

)

Min

ing,

qua

rryi

ng a

ndm

anuf

actu

ring

(NA

CE

10-3

7)

Ele

ctric

ity, g

as, w

ater

and

was

te (

NA

CE

40-

41,

90)

Con

stru

ctio

n (N

AC

E 4

5)

Sal

es, r

epai

rs a

ndco

mm

unic

atio

n (N

AC

E50

-52,

60-

64)

Fin

ance

, rea

l est

ate

and

busi

ness

act

iviti

es

(NA

CE

65-

72, 7

4)

Edu

catio

n an

d re

sear

ch

(NA

CE

73,

80)

Hea

lth a

nd s

ocia

l wor

k

(NA

CE

85)

Soc

ial a

nd p

erso

nal

serv

ice

activ

ities

(N

AC

E55

, 91-

95)

Pub

lic a

smin

istr

atio

n,de

fenc

e et

c. (

NA

CE

75,

99)

Not

spe

cifie

d(N

AC

E 0

0)

Östergötland

Kaunas

Central Finland

Pohjois-Savo

Kujawsko-Pomorskie

16 16


17

Establishments by sectorIn the four regions of Central Finland, the Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland many companies are found in sales, repairs and communication and in fi nance, real estate and business activities. These two branches are dominated by small fi rms in all the four regions, although it seems that the fi rms in sales, repairs and communications are larger in Östergötland than in the other regions. The same is noted for the Kaunas region in fi nance, real estate and business activities. In Östergötland also a large proportion of the workplaces are found in agriculture and forestry, and in the Kaunas region a large proportion of the companies are manufacturing companies.

Distribution of workplaces between sectors 2003

14

Establishments by sectorIn the four regions Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland manycompanies are found in sales, repairs and communication and in finance, real estate andbusiness activities. These two branches are dominated by small firms in all the four regions,although it seems that the firms in sales, repairs and communications are larger inÖstergötland than in the other regions. The same is noted for Kaunas region in Finance, realestate and business activities. In Östergötland also a large part of the workplaces are found inagriculture and forestry, and in Kaunas region a large part of the companies are manufacturingcompanies.

Distribution of workplaces between sectors 2003

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Agriculture

, fo

restr

y,

fishin

g (

NA

CE

01-0

5)

Min

ing, quarr

yin

g a

nd

manufa

ctu

ring (

NA

CE

10-

37)

Ele

ctr

icity, gas, w

ate

r and

waste

(N

AC

E 4

0-4

1, 90)

Constr

uction (

NA

CE

45)

Sale

s, re

pairs a

nd

com

munic

ation (

NA

CE

50-5

2, 60-6

4)

Fin

ance, re

al esta

te a

nd

busin

ess a

ctivitie

s (

NA

CE

65-7

2, 74)

Education a

nd r

esearc

h

(NA

CE

73, 80)

Health a

nd s

ocia

l w

ork

(NA

CE

85)

Socia

l and p

ers

onal

serv

ice a

ctivitie

s (

NA

CE

55, 91-9

5)

Public a

sm

inis

tration,

defe

nce e

tc. (N

AC

E 7

5,

99)

Not specifie

d(N

AC

E 0

0)

Östergötland

Kaunas

Central Finland

Pohjois-Savo

Kujawsko-Pomorskie

18 18


19

15

Newly started enterprisesIn Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland between five and six new enterprises arestarted per 1000 inhabitants each year. In Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland theentrepreneurship, measured as new companies per 1000 inhabitants, is lower than that of thenational average by 15% to 20%.

In the two Finnish regions entrepreneurship is lower than the main region level by 30% to40%. Östergötland stands out by having just half as many newly started companies as themain region.

Newly started enterprises per 1000 inhabitants 2003

Newly started enterprises per 1000 inhabitants compared with national level and main regionlevel 2003 (index, National level and main region level=100)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Östergötland Kaunas Central Finland Pohjos-Savo Kujawsko Pomorskie

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Östergötland Kaunas Central Finland Pohjos-Savo KujawskoPomorskie

Newly started companies per 1000 inhabitants,compared with main region

Newly started companies per 1000 inhabitants,compared with national average

Newly started enterprisesIn Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland between fi ve and six new enterprises are started per 1000 inhabitants each year. In Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland, entrepreneurship, measured as new companies per 1000 inhabitants, is 15-20 per cent lower than that of the national average.

In the two Finnish regions entrepreneurship is lower than the main region level by 30-40 per cent. Östergötland stands out by having just half as many newly started companies as the main region.


Newly started enterprises per 1000 inhabitants compared with national level and main region level 2003 (index, national level and main region level=100)

15

Newly started enterprisesIn Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland between five and six new enterprises arestarted per 1000 inhabitants each year. In Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland theentrepreneurship, measured as new companies per 1000 inhabitants, is lower than that of thenational average by 15% to 20%.

In the two Finnish regions entrepreneurship is lower than the main region level by 30% to40%. Östergötland stands out by having just half as many newly started companies as themain region.


Newly started enterprises per 1000 inhabitants compared with national level and main regionlevel 2003 (index, National level and main region level=100)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Östergötland Kaunas Central Finland Pohjos-Savo KujawskoPomorskie

Newly started companies per 1000 inhabitants,compared with main region

Newly started companies per 1000 inhabitants,compared with national average

18 18


19

Bankruptcies In the four regions Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland the rates of bankruptcies per 1000 companies are quite similar to those of the national level. They range within 20 per cent less bankruptcies to 10 per cent more bankruptcies than the national average.

Compared to the main region level the regions are more diverse. The Kaunas region has some 50 per cent more bankruptcies than the main region. In Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo there are some 10-20 per cent less bankruptcies per 1000 companies than in the main region. In Östergötland on the other hand there are only half as many bankruptcies as in the Stockholm region.

Bankruptcies per 1000 enterprises 2003

Bankruptcies per 1000 companies, compared to national level and main region level 2003 (index, national level and main region level=100)

16

Bankruptcies

In the four regions Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland the ratesof bankruptcies per 1000 companies are quite similar to those of the national level. Theyrange within 20% less bankruptcies to 10% more bankruptcies than the national average.

Compared to the main region level the regions are more diverse. Kaunas region has some50% more bankruptcies than the main region. In Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo there aresome 10% to 20% less bankruptcies per 1000 companies than in the main region. InÖstergötland on the other hand there are only half as many bankruptcies as in the Stockholmregion.


Bankruptcies per 1000 companies, compared to national level and main region level 2003(index, national level and main region level=100)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160


Bankrupcies per 1000 companies, compared to mainregion level

Bankrupcies per 1000 companies, compared to nationallevel

16

Bankruptcies

In the four regions Central Finland, Kaunas region, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland the ratesof bankruptcies per 1000 companies are quite similar to those of the national level. Theyrange within 20% less bankruptcies to 10% more bankruptcies than the national average.

Compared to the main region level the regions are more diverse. Kaunas region has some50% more bankruptcies than the main region. In Central Finland and Pohjois-Savo there aresome 10% to 20% less bankruptcies per 1000 companies than in the main region. InÖstergötland on the other hand there are only half as many bankruptcies as in the Stockholmregion.


Bankruptcies per 1000 companies, compared to national level and main region level 2003(index, national level and main region level=100)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160


Bankrupcies per 1000 companies, compared to mainregion level

Bankrupcies per 1000 companies, compared to nationallevel

20 20


21

Access to international marketsThe three regions Central Finland, Pohjois-Savo and Östergötland all see their access to international markets mainly through international companies with production sites in the region. All the regions have considerable international contacts in just a few different branches, which also differ between the regions although all the three regions are considered as internationally competitive in the paper industry.

All the three regions are rather small which could be a disadvantage in international marketing, and they also, as located in the outskirts of Europe, see the importance of access to international airports.

Central Finland points to innovative local research as being important for the internationalisation of the region. Pohjois-Savo recognises the close vicinity to Russia as a potential and Östergötland has a good position in context of ability of import of material and components for further refi ning in the region.

The Kaunas Region is attractive for foreign investment due to the regions geographical location, qualifi ed labour pool and infrastructure. 17 per cent of the companies in the region export their products compared with the national average of 13 per cent. The biggest exportbranches are textiles, chemicals and tele communication. During the last year foreign investments in the region has rapidly increased. Most foreign investments comes from western Europe, the USA and Estonia.

InfrastructureRoad traffi cBoth the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship and Östergötland are experiencing problems with traffi c congestions in population centres due to main roads passing through towns and cities rather than being by- passed. Östergötland and Pohjois-Savo have a similar problem with opening bridges that stop the traffi c.

AirportsCentral Finland, Pohjois-Savo, the Kaunas Region, the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship and Östergötland all have regional airports with traffi c mainly to the main national airport. Östergötland and Pohjois-Savo have two airports each. Problems that are recorded in the regions are lack of international fl ights in Central Finland and the threat of closure of the Varkaus airport in Pohjois-Savo. In Östergötland there are two competing airports while airfares are declining. Kaunas airport stands for almost all cargo to and from Lithuania. The airport is the largest air cargo transportation center in the Baltic States.

PortsOnly three regions have seaports. Pohjois-Savo has three ports, which have access to the sea through the Saimaa canal. The Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship also has an inland port, but of lesser importance. In Östergötland there is a deep-sea port. In the Kaunas region waterways from the rivers of Kaunas to Klaipeda seaport are a convenient possibility for both passenger and cargo transport

TelecomIn Östergötland, Pohjois-Savo and Central Finland building of trunk lines for broadband communication is ongoing. In the two Finnish regions within a year or two almost all the population will have access to this kind of infrastructure.

RailroadAll the fi ve regions of Central Finland, the Kaunas Region, Pohjois-Savo, Östergötland and the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship see a need of improved railroad traffi c and improved rail system. The Finnish regions and Östergötland are primarily focused on improvements in interregional traffi c and infrastructure, while Kujawsko-Pomorskie is focused on both – interregional and inner traffi c and infrastructure. Lithuania is working on adapting their railway system with the European railway system so the Kaunas Region focused on adjusting the track guage.

20 20


21

Logistic nodesThree of the regions; Östergötland, the Kaunas Region and Central Finland, contain nationally important logistical nodes: Norrköping, Jyväskylä and Kaunas respectively.

Environment

The Finnish regions are characterised by a lower population density than the other Defris-regions. The Kaunas region and the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship are in contrast to the Finnish regions characterised by a higher population density. Östergötland can in relation to population density assumed to be somewhere in between the two above groups. It can be assumed that population density can be a factor that affects the pressure on the natural enviroment and on the environmental health of the region. Further on, it seems that the strategy in terms of access and use of different nature areasvaries between the regions. Another interesting point of view is that the regions seem to have different aspects of the natural environment as a tool of regional development in the future.

Culture and sportsIt is diffi cult to compare culture and the question is, is it useful to do so? Within WP1 the regions describe their cultural activities without any comparison with national level or the main regions. In many countries culture is concentrated in the capital cities. Despite this fact, the Defris-regions have a highly dynamic cultural life. The conditions for culture within the regions vary, which affects the appearance of the regions various cultural activities. Within the regions, a wide range of cultural institute and cultural events are presented.

Central Finland organises “The Finnish Rally”, which is the biggest crowd event among the Nordic countries. The region is also famous for being the home region of the great architect Alvar Aalto. Jyväskylä is also well known for being a congress city. In Pohjois-Savo culture from east and west meets and this has infl uenced culture in the region. The region has two professional theatres and every summer the pleasant event “Carry the wife” festival is arranged in the region. The Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship has an active cultural life that attracts, a higher rate of visitors than the national boasting the Pomeranian Concert Hall, the Opera Nova House (Bydgoszcz) and the Torun and Bydgoszcz theatres with their very famous international festivals. The Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship is also famous for being a speedway region and important athletics centre with well-known stadium and facilities in Bydgoszcz. The Kaunas region has a long cultural history and was at one time the capital city of Lithuania. The Kaunas region is full of history and has a rich cultural life that offers a wide range of cultural events. For example a world famous jazz festival is held in Kaunas every summer and in the region there is a devils museum exhibiting the world largest collection of devils. The Kaunas region is also famous for top class basketball. Östergötland is in comparison with the national level an active region in terms of culture. The region has a large theatre scene and a symphony orchestra with 80 fulltime musicians. The region has ice hockey, football and basketball clubs that are or have at one time ore another been successful in the national leagues.

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Defris – DEVELOPMENT OF FIRST DIVISION REGIONSA project part-fi nanced by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund)

within the BSR INTERREG III B Programme

Socio Economic Analyses, Spatial Condtions and Comparisons · 2011-01-20 · Kaunas County...

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