Socio-demographic factors associated with entry into motherhood by out-of-school, single, 15-24 year...
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Abstract: Socio-demographic factors associated with entry into motherhood by out-of-school, single, 15-24
year old girls in Mukuru Slums, Nairobi
Presenter: Julius Nguku 1
1 HOPE worldwide Kenya2University of Nairobi
Co-authors: Nganga, Robert1;
Wheeler, Malinda1; Katunge, Catherine1;
Gathogo, Janet1
Mule,Francis1
Ngugi, Elizabeth2
Presentation outline
• Introduction: HOPE worldwide Kenya, BIG• Methods• Results• Conclusion • Recommendation
• Registered under NGO Coordination Act in 1999
• Initial efforts focused on HIV prevention through sports programs in Mukuru Slums in Nairobi.
• Vision-’Empowered Healthy Communities’
• Mission-HWWK is a Faith-based Organization working with under-served communities to improve their quality of life through responsive and innovative health programming, service delivery and capacity building in Kenya and Eastern Africa.
Introduction: HOPE worldwide Kenya
• The project is funded by Global Challenges Canada (G.C.C) through its Stars in Global Health program.
• The bold ideas funded integrate science/technology, social and business innovation-referring this as Integrated Innovation.
• It focusses on its innovator-defined challenges through its Stars in Global Health program
• The B.I.G project is targeting 504 out-of-school girls aged 15-24 years living in Mukuru Slums.
Introduction: Bold Idea for Girls (BIG) Project
• Located in the south-end of Nairobi city• Mukuru is among the youngest
low income urban dwelling• Five identifiable villages and
communities within• It is a melting pot of religious and
ethnic groups• Estimated population of 504,000
people*• Thirty four percent of the
population in Mukuru falls within the 15-24 years age bracket*
*Partnerships for an HIV free Generation, 2008
Location of Mukuru Slums In Nairobi, Kenya
Sister Walks
·Gender +HIV Program ·Life-skills·Midterm Evaluation
Sister Walks
·Gender +HIV Program ·Life-skills·Midterm Evaluation
4 Mukuru Villages·Mobilization·Awareness of BIG·Enrolment ·Baseline Survey
4 Mukuru Villages·Mobilization·Awareness of BIG·Enrolment ·Baseline Survey
Vocational Skills training·Hair dressing and Beauty·Computer Application Skills ·Fashion and Design ·End-term evaluation
Vocational Skills training·Hair dressing and Beauty·Computer Application Skills ·Fashion and Design ·End-term evaluation
Graduation
·Job placement ·Reaching out to peers ·Program scale-up
BIG project Design
• One of the challenges found among adolescent girls in Nairobi’s informal settlements is the high rate of premarital motherhood (Beguy, Donatien; 2013).
• This paper looks at the socio-demographic factors associated with entry into motherhood by out-of-school, unmarried girls aged 15-24 years in Mukuru Slums, Nairobi.
• Data is drawn from the baseline survey for the one-year project.
Introduction: Abstract
Two-tailed t-test for 5%H0: Proportion of girls 15-20 years old who are pregnant in Mukuru is the same as the national (p=p0=0.145)Ha: Proportion of girls under 20 years old who are pregnant in Mukuru is not the same as the national (p≠0.145)
npp
ppt
)ˆ1(ˆ
ˆ 0*
t*= 0.240-0.145 = 5.277 SQRT (0.24(1-0.24/523)
Decision: Since 5.277 > 1.96 (t-statistic for 0.025) we reject the H0 and deduce that the proportion of girls under 20 years’ old girls who are pregnant in Mukuru is not the same as the national.
Comparing the proportion of 15-20 year old girls who have initiated motherhood nationally and in Mukuru
• In November 2013, 523 15-24 year old girls were enrolled
• To provide baseline information, socio-demographic data was collected from the girls and reported as proportions.
• A regression model was used to determine any socio-demographic differences between the single girls who have initiated motherhood and those who had not.
Method
Results
Total
523
Not entered into motherhood
291 (72.4%)
Single
402 (76%)
entered into motherhood
111 (27.6%)
Married
121 (24%)
Initiated Motherhood
Not initiated Total
Age group OR (95% CI) p-value
15-17 13 (11%) 103 reverent - 116
18-20 38 (20%) 1492.02
(1.03-3.98) p=0.04 187
21-22 27 (50%) 277.92
(3.61-7.39) p<0.0001 54
23-24 33 (73%) 1221.79
(9.06-2.38) p<0.0001 45
111 291 402
Age of the single girls
15-17
18-20
21-22
23-24
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
11%
20%
50%
73%
Percentage of the single girls who have initiated motherhood
by age-grp
Village of residence of the single girls
Initiated Motherhood
Not initiated Total
village OR p-value
Reuben 41 (35%) 774.26
(1.21-4.99) p=0.02 118
Lungalunga 38 (32%) 793.85
(1.09-3.58) p=0.04 117
Njenga 29 (20%) 1132.05
(0.50-7.20) p=0.2 142
Kayaba 3 (12%) 24 reverent - 25
111 291 402
Reuben
Lungalunga
Njenga
Kayaba
0% 5% 10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
35%
32%
20%
12%
Percentage of sing le g ir ls who had in iti ated motherhood by
v i l lage
Initiated Motherhood Not initiated Total
Lives with OR p-value
Alone 24 (75%) 88.10
(3.28-19.98) p<0.0001 32
Parents/guardians 57 (24%) 182 0.846 p=0.5 239Others
(bro, sis, aunts etc) 30(23%) 91 reverent - 131
111 291 402
Who the single girl lives with
Level of education of the single girls
Initiated Motherhood
Not initiated Total
Level of education OR (95% C.I) p-value
Not completed secondary education 88 (31%) 192
3.985 (1.539-.315) p=0.004 280
Completed secondary education 23 (19%) 99
reverent122
111 291 402
Entry to motherhood for out-of-school, single, 15-24 year old girls in Mukuru Slums seems to be associated with:• being older,• living in Reuben and Lunga lunga villages, • not having completed secondary school, • staying alone These factors should inform programs providing SRHR interventions to adolescent girls in Mukuru.
Conclusion and Recommendation
Acknowledgements• Co-authors• GCC