Socio Cultural policy brief

8/13/2019 Socio Cultural policy brief

1/16

Kumar AushijAnkit SharmaAmar MhaskeDhwani Shah

Pratyush Sarasa

Angshuman Mallick


2/16

Some of the social welfare policies which have

been implemented in India are:

MGNREGA

Mid-Day Meal Subsidies : Direct Cash Transfer

NRHM


3/16

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005(MGNREGA) was notified on September 7, 2005.

It is perhaps the largest and most ambitious social security

and public works programme in the world

The mandate of the Act is to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage

employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult membersvolunteer to do unskilled manual work.

The twin goal fulfillment of Rural development & Employment generation

While market-oriented reforms are necessary to generate faster growth and larger

public resources, they do not, on their own, guarantee participatory and equitable

growth. MGNREGA and similar social policies, far from detracting from economic

reforms, complement them in an essential way.

Today, after seven years of its implementation about one-fourth of all rural

households participate in the programme every year.


4/16

Till now Rs 1,10,000 crore has gone directly as wage payment to rural households

1200 crore person-days of employment has been generated.

On an average, 5 crore households are employed every year since 2008.

80% of households are paid directly through bank/post office accounts and 10

crore new bank/post office accounts have been opened.

The average wage per person-day has gone up by 81 per cent since the Schemesinception, with state-level variations. (Rs 122 in Bihar to Rs 191 in Haryana)

SC and ST have accounted for 51% of the total person-days generated and women

for 47%, well above the mandatory 33 per cent as required by the Act.

146 lakh works have been taken up since the beginning of the programme, of

which about 60 per cent have been completed.

12 crore Job Cards given, 9 crore muster rolls uploaded on the Management

Information System (MIS).Since 201011, all details of expenditure are available

on the MIS in the public domain.


5/16

While implementation remains uneven and patchy across States and districts,there is evidence to suggest that MGNREGA has contributed to

(a) increased rural wages everywhere across India

(b) reduced distress migration from traditionally migration-intensive areas;

(c) usage of barren areas for cultivation;

(d) empowerment of the weaker sections and giving them a new sense of identityand bargaining power.

(e) one third of the enrolled population is of women and this has helped in

women empowerment and better household managent.


6/16

The major challenges in implantation are:

Ensure demand-driven legal entitlements.

Reduce distress migration from rural areas.

Reduce delays in wage payments to workers

Provide the requisite number of days of work as per demand

Improve quality of assets created under MGNREGA and their relevance to thelivelihoods of the poor

Ensure full payment of wages stipulated under MGNREGA

Anchor participatory grass-roots planning

Sustain regular flow of funds

Strengthen grievance redress mechanisms


7/16

Seeks to address issues of food security, lack of nutrition and access to educationon a pan nation scale

It involves provision for free lunch on working days for children in Primary and

Upper Primary Classes in Government, Government Aided, Local Body, Education

Guarantee Scheme (EGS) and Alternate Innovative Education (AIE) Centres,

Madarsa and Maqtabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and National ChildLabour Project (NCLP) Schools run by Ministry of Labour

It may help in improving:

Nutritional status of childrenEncouraging poor children to attend school

Help them concentrate on classroom activities

Increasing the Enrolment, Retention and Attendance rates


8/16

According to the government, it is the worlds largest school feeding programme,reaching out to about 120,000,000 children in over 1,265,000 schools and

Education Guarantee Scheme (EGS

At present 75 percent of the scheme is funded by the central government whereas

25 percent of the funds are provided by the state government

The public expenditure on Mid Day Meal Programme as expressed in the

budgetary allocation for the scheme has gone up from Rs. 73,240,000,000 in 2007-

08 to Rs. 132,150,000,000 in the year 2013-14) centres across the country

Govt. Plan Allocation Rise

11thFive Year Plan INR 380,490,000,000 -

12

th

Five Year Plan INR 901,550,000,000 +134 %


9/16

Implementation Models:

1.Centralized: mostly through a public-private partnership, an external organization

cooks and delivers the meal to schools.

2.Decentralized: with the help of : self help groups (SHG), Village Education

Committees and Mother/Parent Teacher Associations

Problems/Challenges Faced:

-Irregularity in serving meals

-Irregularity in supply of food grains to schools

-Caste based discrimination in serving of food

-Poor quality of food

-Poor coverage under School Health Programme-Poor infrastructure (kitchen sheds in particular)

-Poor hygiene


10/16

Direct Benefits Transfer or DCT is a poverty reduction measure in whichgovernment subsidies and other benefits are given directly to the poor in cash

rather than in the form of subsidies.

Actual money spent by the government during 2010-11 under various subsidies

totalled to Rs. 211,474 crore (approximately $38 billion), the scheme can result

in a net saving of Rs. 33,000 crore ($6 billion) by way of plugging leakages.

India rolled out its DCT scheme in Jan 2013

Impact on Government

A World Bank study recently reported there is a direct link between cash

transfers and voting behaviour. It was found beneficiaries express a stronger

preference for the ruling party that implements and expands cash transfers.

The new system is expected to reduce subsidy bill cost to government throughbetter targeting

In the Union Budget 2012-13, target is to keep 2012-13 subsidies under 2

percent of GDP and under 1.75 percent of GDP in the next 3 years


11/16

A key pillar of the DCT to prevent diversion and duplication is thegovernmentsUnique Identity (UID) or Aadhaar program under which individuals

are being given a unique identity number. The UID Authority of India is scheduled

to give UID numbers to 600 million people in India while the rest will be covered

by the National Population Registry.

The UID will be linked to the persons bank account, and cash amounting to the

total subsidy will be transferred to the account.

There was a glitch in the launch of DCT. Instead of the original plan of launching

the DCT in 51 districts across the country, it has been launched only in 20 till now.

The DCT is expected to be fully rolled out by mid-2014. According to media

reports, it is estimated that once that happens, cash transfers of around Rs.

300,000 crore (around $55 billion) will happen annually.


12/16

PROS

Help expand banking system in rural area

Save huge amount of money lost due to leakages and middle-men corruption

The scheme will also enhance efficiency of welfare schemes.

CONS

Subsidies burden will have to be borne by tax payers

Millions of Below Poverty Line families dont have an Aadhar card yet

Technology misuses could lead to money being transferred to incorrect accounts

Currently DCT only covers pension and scholarships. Big-ticket items like food, fuel

and fertilizer subsidies have been left for later

The presumption here is that the distribution margins of private players is lessthan that of the public sector, which might not always be the case. Public sector

cost of implementing DCT might be greater than amount lost in leakages.

We have learnt in Microeconomics that giving subsidies does not increase welfare

of society as a whole.


13/16

OBJECTIVE:- To provide all healthcare services under one umbrella program in therural & urban areas

Launched on 13th April 2005 to provide accessible, affordable and quality health

care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups

Some of its initiatives are :-

Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient Welfare Committee),

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY),

National Ambulance Services,

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakarm (JSSK)


14/16

To bridge socioeconomic and health status between urban and rural population ofIndia and even between the states.

There are inter-state, inter-district , inter-gender and rural-urban differences in life

expectancy at birth.

World Health Report (1999) gave main cause of death in India as non

communicable (48%) & communicable diseases (42 %)

Launch of National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a Sub-mission of an over-

arching National Health Mission (NHM), with NRHM being the other Sub-missionof NHM has begin through a decision of Union Cabinet dated 1stMay 2013


15/16

Regional variation

Convergence of different programme like ICDS,MGNREGS & NRHM

Parallel health systems at the National, State & district level

Old ethos and new inputs as discipline of its staff continue to be major challenge

Need to measure its impact against hard data on health outcomes

NRHM-CONCLUSIONNeed for constant monitoring of its impact for course corrections should be built

into the system for optimal results and for achieving the goal of Health for all.


16/16

THANK YU

Socio Cultural policy brief

Documents

Transcript of Socio Cultural policy brief