Society, Social Structure and Interaction
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Transcript of Society, Social Structure and Interaction
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Pages to review:132-138 (up to roles)143-157 (up to Future Changes...)
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Social Interaction & Social StructureSocial Interaction - process by which people
act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups
Social Structure - stable pattern of social relationships that exist within a particular group or society.
What is the relationship between social structure and social interaction?
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Social StructureFramework of the parts of society.
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StatusStatus – socially defined position in a group
or society – characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties.
Status is at every level Statuses are “ascribed” (involuntarily or by
birth) or “achieved” (voluntary by choice, effort)
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Status is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties.
A status set is made up of all the statuses a person occupies at a given time
A master status is the most important status a person occupies
Status symbols are material signs that inform others of a person’s specific status.
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Social InstitutionsA social institution is any sort of human
group that supports social practices or behaviours that a society has agreed to promote and obey.
Ex: family, legal system, religion, education, economy, government, media
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What is the difference between a group and an institution?
A group is made up of specific, identifiable people.
(Our school is Lockview High)An institution is a standardized way of doing
something.(The school is responsible to educate
students)
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Functions of Social InstitutionsReplacing membersTeaching new membersProducing, distributing and consuming goodsPreserving orderProviding and maintaining a sense of purpose
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Gemeinschaft is a traditional society where bonds are based on bonds of kinship, friendship and intergenerational stability.Gesellschaft is a large, urban society where bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little commitment to the group or consensus on values.Which one are we?
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How does structure affect our daily lives?
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Microsocial perspectives: Social Interaction“micro” = small , “macro = largeWhile macrosociology would look at the big
picture (ex: how have social institutions created current conditions?),
microsociology would have a more individual focus (ex: how do individuals interact in society?)
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Looking at society from the microsocial perspective involves the following:
Social Interaction and MeaningThe Social Construction of RealityEthnomethodologyDramaturgical AnalysisNon-verbal Communications
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Social Interaction and MeaningWe plan to act according to others’
words/actions.We know that they have expectations of us,
and we of themSome of these are shared and consistent
across situations.Ex: civil inattention: (passers on a street). Rituals will be interpreted differently
depending on ethnicity, gender, class
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The Social Construction of RealityIf we interpret actions personally, can we
have a shared reality? Social construction of reality - Symbolic
interactionists say our perception is shaped largely by our subjective meaning of experiences.
So we act according to how we think the situation is.
Self-fulfilling prophecy - false belief or prediction that produces behaviour that makes the originally false belief come true.
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EthnomethodologyEthnomethology is the study of the
commonsense knowledge that people use to understand situations
Interaction is based on assumptions of shared expectations (ex: talking back and forth)
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Dramaturgical AnalysisDramaturgical Analysis - study of interaction
comparing life to a theatreImpression management – the effort to
present ourselves in the best light, own images.
This includes:Face-Saving behaviour Studied nonobservanceFront stage (on), Back stage (off/self).
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The Sociology of EmotionsAre emotions biological or social?Both feeling rules – we acquire a set of rules for
how, where, why an emotion should be expressed
emotional labour – we work to achieve the correct level of emotion
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Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication - transfer of
information between persons without the use of speech
May be intentional or unintentional.Functions of nonverbal communication:supplements, enhances, undermines verbal
communicationDemeanor – how we behave or conduct
ourselves
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Deference - symbolic actions of permissivenessFacial expressions, eye contact and touching can
be examples of deference behaviorPersonal space is the immediate distance
surrounding a person that the person claims as private
Varies between cultures Intimate (0.5 m)Personal (0.5-1.2m)Social (1.2-3.6m)Public (over 3.6m)
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All forms of non-verbal communication are influenced by gender, ethnicity, social class and the personal contexts in which they occur.