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Physical education and sport through the centuries 2015, 2(1), 54-71 ISSN 2335-0598 www.fiep-serbia.net 54 | Original research article SOCIETY SERBIAN FALCON/SERBIAN SOKO/ SREMSKI KARLOVCI FROM 1904 TO 1945th. Velimir Sesum 1 and Bojan Medjedovic 1 1 Faculty of Sport and Tourism in Novi Sad, University Edukons UDK 796.03(497.113)’’1904‐1945 SUMMARY In the introductory part of the paper is a brief history Sokolism the Slavs, as well as what preceded and how to develop ideas Sokolism the Serbs. The influence of Serbian Youth Assembly held in Karlovci in 1903 on the development of Sokolism. Desires and intentions Serbian Youth and the inclusion of Karlovac physics Dr Laza Popovic in establishing the first Sokol Society in Karlovac, 1904. The influence and importance of the first Sokol Society to develop Sokolism the Serbs. The research topic is Sokolsko society "Serbian falcon" from Sremski Karlovci from 1904 to 1945, or its appearance, development and duration, the aim of this research would, therefore, was the finding, gathering and sorting of facts and data on the formation, development and lasting " Serbian falcon "in Sremski Karlovci from 1904 to 1945, that the facts in this regard, using appropriate scientific methods, and above all the historical method, because research by its historical character. The results of the work were presented in the form of final considerations and conclusions, all the results compiled by components of the applied theoretical models, and these are the beginnings, development and duration of this society from 1904 to 1945 . The discussion gives criticism explored and interpretation of historical facts in explaining the establishment, development and duration of the "Serbian falcon" in Karlowitz from 1904 to 1945. Keywords: falcon (SOKOL) community, Miroslav Tirs, Laza Kostic, Youth Assembly, etc. Laza Popovic Correspondence author Velimir Sesum [email protected]

Transcript of SOCIETY SERBIAN FALCON/SERBIAN SOKO/ …fiep-serbia.net/docs/vol-2-i-1/en/paper-3.pdfideological...

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Originalresearcharticle

SOCIETYSERBIANFALCON/SERBIANSOKO/SREMSKIKARLOVCIFROM1904TO1945th.

VelimirSesum1andBojanMedjedovic1

1FacultyofSportandTourisminNoviSad,UniversityEdukons

VelimirSesumandBojanMedjedovic

UDK796.03(497.113)’’1904‐1945

SUMMARY

IntheintroductorypartofthepaperisabriefhistorySokolismtheSlavs,aswellaswhat preceded andhow to develop ideas Sokolism the Serbs. The influence ofSerbianYouthAssemblyheldinKarlovci in1903onthedevelopmentofSokolism.DesiresandintentionsSerbianYouthandtheinclusionofKarlovacphysicsDrLazaPopovicinestablishingthefirstSokolSocietyinKarlovac,1904.TheinfluenceandimportanceofthefirstSokolSocietytodevelopSokolismtheSerbs.

The research topic is Sokolsko society "Serbian falcon" from Sremski Karlovcifrom1904 to 1945, or its appearance, development andduration, the aimof thisresearchwould, therefore,wasthefinding,gatheringandsortingof factsanddataon the formation, development and lasting " Serbian falcon "in Sremski Karlovcifrom 1904 to 1945, that the facts in this regard, using appropriate scientificmethods, and above all the historical method, because research by its historicalcharacter.

Theresultsof theworkwerepresentedintheformof finalconsiderationsandconclusions, all the results compiled by components of the applied theoreticalmodels, and these are the beginnings, development and duration of this societyfrom1904to1945.

Thediscussion gives criticismexploredand interpretationofhistorical facts inexplainingtheestablishment,developmentanddurationofthe"Serbian falcon" inKarlowitzfrom1904to1945.

Keywords:falcon(SOKOL)community,MiroslavTirs,LazaKostic,YouthAssembly,etc.LazaPopovic

[email protected]

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INTRODUCTIONS

An indisputable fact is that methodological differences of any legalityscientificworkinevitablyleadstosuperficialityandopenspotentialopportunitieserroneousreasoning.

Therefore, the study of historical problems such as the Sokol SocietySerbian falcon from Sremski Karlovci in Vojvodina, first as part of the Austro‐Hungarian Empire, then as part of Serbia, Kingdom of Serbs at the end of theKingdom of Yugoslavia in the period from 1904 to 1945 had to be based onresearchobjectivity,adequatetreatmentofhistoricalsourcesandlinkingcertainhistoricaleventsintoawhole.

PreliminaryresearchofhistoricalmaterialitisrecognizedthatthehistoryofSokolsocietyisnotanappropriateplaceinSerbianhistoriography,andappearcertain vagueness, ambiguity,misinterpretation andmisuseof the Sokol Societyand even the entire nationalmovement. Negative trends in presentation, partlyhiding Sokolism, as well as its negative treatment by certain institutions andagencies, toaconsiderableextentpromptedtheneed foraresearchprojectandthe Renaissance idea of the creation of physical culture of the time, and thuskeepingthemfromoblivionhugeculturalheritageofVojvodinasecondhalfofthe19thandfirsthalfofthe20thcentury.

That it is a movement of enormous national interest in the mentionedperiod can be seen in the fact that the entire activity in the physical culture.culture of exercise in Vojvodina's region, currently underway in Sokolskicompanies and under their supervision, which clearly indicates the breadth ofinfluence, which is obscured by this and the ideological, political, cultural andspiritual level.Also, there isnoreason ipoint to the fact thatoverthecenturiesthe physical culture in this region had its own specific development,which hasalways been conditioned by the development of a society. In this context, theSokolmovementandasapartofthehistoryofphysicalcultureofVojvodina,andtherefore thehistoryofphysicalcultureof Serbia,aswellas thebroadersocialenvironmen.

Sokolstvo as distinctly Slovenian, cultural, national ‐ liberal liberationmovementoccursintheCzechRepublicin1862underthecreativeleadershipofCzechMiroslavaTirša.InanefforttogatherallthepeopleFalconshaveperformedwith liberal slogans of the French Revolution, "liberty, fraternity, equality" andgatheredmembers regardless of religion, caste and ethnicity. Slovenian nationsunder the rule of the Austro‐Hungarian monarchy, were able to militarilyorganizedandtheleadersofSokolmovementputthemselvesinthetaskoflinkingSlovenianNations(Falcon ideaall theSlavictribes), inordertopreparethemtofightfortherealizationofterritorialandspiritualfreedom.

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ByNicholaZuticjaundiceSerbianSokolmovementinAustria‐Hungarywaspresented as a liberal national ‐ liberation movement, physical exercise,concealing their true goal, which is the liberation and unification of all Serbianlands into a single whole, and while following the idea sveslovenstva. TheideologicalleadersandcreatorsoftheSerbianFalconDrLazaPopovićandMilanTeodorović,whoin1904inKarlowitzfounded"SerbianSoko".

In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and then the Kingdom ofYugoslavia, Sokol movement was a man 's and universally human bodyorganization,which is due to circumstances then prevailing in its environment,tryingnottodisplayherliberal‐anideologicalbasis.ThishasbeenobservedinanumberofworkstothethenSokomanagersAnteBrozovića,FranjoBucarandDrLazaPopovic,andlaterresearchersNicholajaundiceandothers.

In Socialist Yugoslavia, history of physical culture of the Kingdom ofYugoslavia, studied in the formofexaminationresultsandsportingsuccess,butthe work exposes the organizational structure of institutions and societies forphysicalculture.However, in thisperiod,although itwas taboo,central locationandgreatimportanceforthefurtherdevelopmentofphysicalcultureoccupiestheSokolmovementaswellorganizedmovementforphysicalexercise.

In the period after World War II Sokol movement is often treated,interpreted as a fascist and anti‐people organization, but never as a politicalmovement or party. A number of authors have considered that it was anideologicalmovement in physical education. At various times, the typical socialsettings and different is perceived and treated this movement, so we havedifferentaspectsofthismovement,buttheofficialbanonemployment.Thefirstbanwas imposed in1914by theAustro‐Hungarianauthoritiesbecause, in theirview, theGreaterSerbianpropagandaanduseSokolism for thesecessionof theSerbian lands (Vojvodina and the unionwith Serbia) of themonarchy, then thesecondbanwas imposed in1945 in theFederalPeople'sRepublicofYugoslaviabecause the communist government treated the Sokolmovementas anti‐peopleorganization fascist characteristics. The real reason was that the authoritieswanted toSerbiannationwithin thenewstatepushed into thebackgroundandthus initiate degradation Serbian national being. However, the period from theinitiationofthemovementin1869,andespeciallysincetheestablishmentofthefirst Sokol Society of Karlowitz to the informal termination of his labor andSokolismgeneralin1945,islongenoughtoleaveastrikingimpactonthefurtherdevelopment of physical culture, to encourage a new thinking, perceiving, andinitiate the formationofnewcompaniesandeven thealliance at the endof thetwentiethcentury,andthebeginningofthetwenty‐firstcentury.

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THEMETHOD

Since this research has a historical character, will be applied historicalmethod,with the four basic, interrelated phases: gathering sources (heuristics),criticism,synthesisandexposure.

Initsfirstphase,heuristics,willbemadetocollectandsystematisehistoricalsourcesaboutthesurveydefinedaresearchproblem.

In the second phase of the study, criticism of sources, will beappliedtoexternalcriticismoftheoriginaldocuments,whichweremade available, as well as their internal criticism, ie, assess thecredibilityoftestimony.

In the third phase of research, synthesis, will be madeinterconnection facts and their generalizationwill be determinedbeginnings,developmenttimeanddurationoftheSokolSocietyofKarlowitz.

In the fourth stage, the expositionwill bemadewritten and oralpresentationofresearch,aswellasitsscientificevaluation.

Giventhenatureofresearch,theworkwillbeusedprimaryandsecondarysources,ie,theavailablearchivalmaterials,aswellasavailabledocumentationofindividualsportsassociationsandorganizationsandSokolsocietiesthatnurturedthe Falcon ideology. For this purpose, it is expected institutional support to theArchivesofVojvodina,SANUArchivesinKarlowitz,ArchiveofNoviSad,theSportsAssociationofVojvodina,theArchivesofYugoslavia,privatearchivalmaterials,aswellasarchivesofsmallertownsinVojvodina.

Inordertodeterminetheeconomic,social,politicalandculturalconditionsinwhichitwasproduced,developedandlastedSokolSocietyinKarlowitz,willbeconsultedandpapersrelatingtothehistoryofVojvodinainthestudyperiod.

Researchhypothesesare:

SokolsocietyinKarlowitzarisenasaresultofthedevelopmentofSokolmovementSlovenianpeople.ItwasaPan‐Slavicorientedandprecluded any national, religious and class distinctions, which isbasicallychousedSokolstvoSloveniannation;

SokolsocietyinKarlowitz,from1904to1945,followedthepathofdevelopmentoftheYugoslavSokolismliberalcharacter;

Sokol society in Karlowitz, from 1904 to 1945, with variableconsistency is (not) supported in material and moral terms byrelevantgovernmentandeducationalagencies,whichcontributed,

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first a weaker status, and later a better status in Sokolism thisregion;

Sokol society in Karlowitz left a lasting impact on the SokolmovementinVojvodinaandthedevelopmentofphysicalcultureingeneral, and specifically the emergence and development ofindividualsportsdisciplines;

RESULTS

Based on the results obtained in the framework of this researchwe canpresentthefollowingconclusions:

ResearchthehistoryofSokolsocietySremskiKarlovcifrom1904to1945,inthebroadestsenseofthebeginnings,emergence,developmentanddurationoftheSokolSocietyofKarlowitzof1904 to1945orhisappearance,development,duration, organization, system and methodology of physical exercise in thismovement.Itwasfoundthatthebasicorientationinthestudyseemedthesearchfor material remains of this society. Based on an extensive review of previousresearch and constructed a theoretical model of research, carried out thefollowingmain objectives of research:was established onset of the founding ofSokol society, on the territory of Vojvodina, ie. in Karlowitz in 1904, and thecircumstances inwhich it iscreatedanddevelopedand lastedforaperiodfrom1904to1945.

Basedonthesetofbasicobjectiveshaveevolvedandspecificobjectivesonthebasisofwhich itwasconcluded:Differences inhistorical, socio‐politicalandculturalaswell asmaterial conditions inwhich itwasproduced,developedandlastedSokolSocietyinKarlowitzinperiod,of1904to1945.

After studied and systematized data about the origins, development anddurationoftheSokolSocietyofKarlowitzfrom1904to1945,andafteracriticalreviewofthesourcesofresearch,westartedwiththepresentationofestablishedresults. Based on the targets and objectives of research, the results aresummarized in accordance with the established hypothesis, and noted thefollowing:ThatthecompanySokolmovementinKarlowitzincurredasaresultofthe development of Sokol movement Slovenian nation; that the Pan‐Slavicoriented and precluded any national, religious and class distinctions, which isbasically choused Sokolstvo Slovenian people, ie, that the hypothesis (H1) isaccepted;thattheSokolSocietyinKarlowitz,from1904to1945,partlyfollowedthepathofdevelopmentoftheYugoslavSokolismliberalcharacter.FirstfoundedSokolSociety,atthebeginninghadawayofdevelopinganationalidentity,andtothe appearance in 1904, until 1919. Since 1919, the society is losing nationalidentity and takes on the idea of Yugoslavia, that the hypothesis (H2) partially

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accepted;thattheFalconSociety,from1904to1919,notsustainedinthematerialandmoralsensebyresponsiblestateandeducationalagenciesAustro‐HungarianEmpire,which contributed, firstaweaker status, and laterabetter statusSokolsociety, ie, toHypothesis(H3)acceptance;thattheSokolcompanyfromSremskiKarlovachasleftalastingimpactonSokolmovementinVojvodinaie.leftalastinginfluenceon thedevelopmentofphysical culture ingeneral, andspecifically theemergenceanddevelopmentofindividualsportsdisciplines,respectively,thatthehypothesis (X4) acceptance; that Sokol society had a significant impact on thedevelopment of school physical education inVojvodina, especially in the periodbetween1918and1941,respectively,thatthehypothesis(X5)accepts.

After studied and systematized data about the origins, development anddurationoftheSokolSocietyofKarlowitzfrom1904to1945,andafteracriticalreviewofthesourcesofresearch,westartedwiththepresentationofestablishedresults. Based on the targets and objectives of research, the results aresummarized in accordance with the established hypothesis, and noted thefollowing:ThatthecompanySokolmovementinKarlowitzincurredasaresultofthe development of Sokol movement Slovenian nation; that the Pan‐Slavicoriented and precluded any national, religious and class distinctions, which isbasically choused Sokolstvo Slovenian people, ie, that the hypothesis (H1) isaccepted;thattheSokolSocietyinKarlowitz,from1904to1945,partlyfollowedthepathofdevelopmentoftheYugoslavSokolismliberalcharacter.FirstfoundedSokolSociety,atthebeginninghadawayofdevelopinganationalidentity,andtothe appearance in 1904, until 1919. Since 1919, the society is losing nationalidentityandtakesontheideaofYugoslavia,ie,thatthehypothesis(H2)partiallyaccepted;thattheFalconSociety,from1904to1919,notsustainedinthematerialandmoralsensebyresponsiblestateandeducationalagenciesAustro‐HungarianEmpire,which contributed, firstaweaker status, and laterabetter statusSokolsociety, ie, toHypothesis(H3)acceptance;thattheSokolcompanyfromSremskiKarlovachasleftalastingimpactonSokolmovementinVojvodinaie.leftalastinginfluenceon thedevelopmentofphysical culture ingeneral, andspecifically theemergenceanddevelopmentofindividualsportsdisciplines,respectively,thatthehypothesis (X4) acceptance; that Sokol society had a significant impact on thedevelopment of school physical education inVojvodina, especially in the periodbetween1918and1941,respectively,thatthehypothesis(X5)accepts.

Thepracticalsignificanceoftheworkorresearchingeneral,consistsinthefact that it represents a kind of roadmap for future researchers in the field ofhistory of physical culture. Conclusion The fact that Sokol Society in SremskiKarlovac, in one period of his development, he kept up with world Sokolmovement,andaccordingtotheadoptedideasandorganizationallevelwasaheadof all former republics and provinces in the Socialist Federal Republic ofYugoslavia, tells us that in the area Vojvodina, for more than a century,

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understood the importance of Sokol movement, primarily as a healthphenomenon, and then as a phenomenon of preservation of culture andcivilizationlevelofSlovenianpeople.

DISCUSSION

Since it came to rules Sokol organizationDr Laza Popovicwere carefullyconsidered.ThisideaisparticularlysupportedaCzechnamedJosephKraus,whoatthattimewasinKarlowitzandbetreatedatDrLazaPopovica.1Specifically,DrLaza Popovic met with Joseph Kraus and thentogether they put together the rules on the SokolSociety and send the same document to thegovernment for consideration. The Governmentreviewed the document and thenwas electedBoardofthecompanyandthuscreatedSokoinKarlovac.

"ConstituentAssemblywasheldinKarlovaconJanuary19, 1904, and established sports gymnasticswere renamed the "Serbian falcon".Thegovernmenthas two months Approved Rules Serbian SokolSocietyundernumber13598andhas sinceofficiallythereisnosociety.ForsocietyofficerelectedDrLazaPopovic, secretary Nikola Maksimovic and for theMayorMilanTeodorovic."

Image1:DrLazaPopovic2

I start work at Sokol Karlowitz was quite difficult. Karlovac are notsympathetic to thenewlyestablishedgymnasticsorganization"Soko", especiallychurch and school authorities. Among the intelligentsia was ruled by a kind ofresentmentatalltosome"turnesrskomsociety",andtotheworkof"Falcon"wasviewedwithdistrustandwithsomerezervisanošću.InKarlowitzwastheonlyonegym,anditwasagymnasium,butherSokolwasbanned.Althoughlefttohimself,"SerbianSoko"under thedirectionof DrLazaPopovic, continues to struggle

1 Savic, Zvezdan. "Sokol movement in Serbia from 1903 to 1945". (PhD thesis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Culture, 2004), 35.

2 Archives of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Sremski Karlovci, Sremski Karlovci, F.KM. 201 I / 1904-1905.

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with all the internal and external problems. In addition to Dr Popovic,maintenance Sokol organization struggling even his loyal supporters andassociates,formerSecretaryNikolaMaksimovicandfrontmanMilanTeodorovic.

Image2:AletterofinvitationofDrLazaPopovicforestablishingthefirstSerbianfalconof15January1904.3

3 Archives of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Sremski Karlovci, F.KM. 201/1904.

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and,popular personalities which later contributed significantly to the spreadofSokol ideas as well as establishing the Serbian Sokol societies throughoutVojvodinaandAustria‐Hungary.

To broad popular strata, primarily youth, pointed to the significance androleofthe"Sokol",thesepropagatorsgymnasticsexercisetheyhadtoprovetheirpersonal example, and sports scores. Of course that this way was the bestconfirmation and proof of the importance and role of systematic gymnasticexercises,andthatisonlypossibleestablishmentofSokolsociety.Accordingly,thepropagators of the gymnastics exercise were the main initiators of theestablishmentofgymnasticscompanies"Soko".TheinitiatorsandtheinitiatorsoftheestablishmentofSokolorganizationsinmanypartsofVojvodinaandAustria‐Hungaryandgrown fromKarlovac "Falcon",where theyhighlight their sportingresults were: Sima Gajic, Stevan Sanader, Tom Rajic, Stevan Suvakovic, MilanRadic,VelimirPopovicStevanKupusarevic, JohnDragojevic,Paul Suvakovicandmanyothers".6

Also,oneof themostadvancedstep in theworkof theKarlovac "Falcon"was that it connectswith Sokolism in the CzechRepublic, Croatia and Slovenia,whicharelargelyandtheyofferedwhole‐heartedcooperationandinvolvementinsomeof theiractivitiesasthey land,publicexercisesandconsecratedflags.Thisworkwascontinuedinthefieldofpublishingcertainarticlesinmagazines(Youthmessenger and Srbobran),written byDr Laza Popovic. In spite of thework thecompany is in the first year of operation helped to found Serbian falcon inVukovar.7 In the second year with the support of the falcon from KarlovacestablishedandthirdSokolsocietyinSremskaMitrovica.

Their work is particularly supported the Karlovac gymnasium professorTihomir Ostojic, who writes articles on Sokolism and propose them to amendVidovdanskaglory,ie.tobeenrichedinthenationalandknightlyspirit.Karlovacfalconaccept this idea andorganizeon15 June1905, onSt.VitusDay, the firstSerbianVidovdanrallyinRavanica(Fruskogorska),thepublicexercise,gameandheroicgames.Tothenin1906organizedtheSecondSerbianVidovdanrally.Thisrallywasmetwithawarmreceptionbythepeopleandcitizensofthismomentallthemorelikeshawk.

ThistraditioncontinuedrallyinRavanicaisstilluptoWorldWarIIexceptfor1908,whennotheld.EspeciallyinthisworkhascontributedtotheCzechAlois

6 Commemorative Karlovac falcon 1904-1929" project funded Sokolsko Society project funded in 1929, 1929, 9.

7 Sesum, Velimir, "Sokol movement of Vojvodina from 1869 to 1945". PhD thesis, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, 2014), 55.

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Wagner,whohelpedwiththeorganizationandimplementationof land.Thenhefelt very much work Sokol societies and of Dr Laza Popovic busily seekingguidance for the establishment of new Sokol societies. "All this shows that anexpansion of the establishment and operation Sokol societies centered inKarlovac. In three years of work Sokol was founded about 30 companies. ThisgraduallyoccursandtheneedforpastoralorganizationSokolsocieties.ThefirstSokol Parish was Fruskogorska. The initiative for the establishment of SerbianSokolparishFruskogorskacameofthemeetingheldon29October1905,andtherulesParisheswereapprovedon28March1907.Theseatof theParishwas inKarlowitz. She counted then15 companiesand1000members.KarlovacSokowastheheartoftheparishandtheparishcenterforwork".8

The three founders and now inseparable associates of the company,continuetoSokolskiworkandsomuchhelpwiththefalconperformancesattheZagreb rally,whichwas held in early September 1906. The performance at theZagreb rallywas a great experience for falcons fromKarlovac in every respect.AftertherallydevelopedagreatfriendshipbetweenbrothersandsoinKarlovaccomessecondasaCzechteacher.HisnamewasFrantisekDinibl.Heparticularlyinsisted that the focusSokolworkmustbeat thepractice site and thatwithoutSokolexercisesnorealSokolism.WithhishelpinKarlovacbornfirstforefrontofsociety. At that time, an increasing number of students of KarlovacHigh SchoolandSeminaryschoolsbecomeactivemembersoftheSokolSociety."Forthem,DrLazaPopovicisarolemodelintheworkbutalsoidealineverydaylife.Studentsoftheseschools in theCompanyoperationswere increasingly improved,but thereexcelsindividualsinandoutofsocietyandthusindirectlyandspreadFalconideasonallsides".9AfterthisoperationthecompanyduringthisperiodareincreasinglyrecognizestheneedforoneplaceoutsideofplaygroundwheretheywouldgatherSokoli.AndsotheestablishmentSokolReadingRoominKarlovacandlaterSokolarchives. In the same premises and given birth to the idea of freedom andunification of the Serbian people. This work was continued in the direction ofopening the Sokol home as a covered practice sites. Published by theannouncement of the voluntary collection of revenue for building a home. Thewholeactionwentquiteslowlyandwithdifficulty,totheirgreatfortuneFalconshavereceivedagiftfromthePatriarchGeorgeBrankoviconeofthemostbeautifulhouse in Karlovac. After these events important for the future work of thecompany in Karlovacwas the participation at the Fifth Sokol rally in Prague in1907.AtthisrallyforthefirsttimeKarlovachawksmetwithrealpowerandsize

8 Sokolski high-treason process, Sremski Karlovci, 1915, 15.

9 Rules Serbian Sokolske parish Fruska Gora", project funded Sokolsko Society project funded in 1907., 138.

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oftheSlovenianSokol.BeforeSokolrallyinSofiain1910,Sokolitheystayedforthreedays inBelgradewherehepreparedexercise event inwhichhetookpartand more than 50 trainees from Fruskogorska parish. Before Karlovac Falconswashasnewtwotasks:participationinSvesokolskomrallyinZagrebin1911andSokolmeetinginPraguein1912.

"SoonafterthePraguerallyemergedinSouthSerbiatumultuouseventsattheendoftheyear1912,theAustro‐Hungarianauthoritiessuspendedtheworkof SerbianSokol companies for the full year anduntil thebeginningof the year1914.Thatyearwillmark10yearssincethefoundingoftheKarlovacfalconandSerbianSokolandKarlovacfalcondeterminescelebrateitstenthanniversaryfor12 July 1914. It should be noted that even before this, the assassination of theAustro‐Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and on the day of the scheduledcelebrationsSokohadalreadybeendisbandedanditsleadersandmostmemberswerearrested."10Itshouldbenotedthatthreeyearsearlier,iein1911,thefromKarlovac toBelgrade switchesover Sokol list SerbianSokobut starts anew listSerbianSokolMessenger.EvenbeforetheFirstWorldWar,duringtheannexationcrisisandtheBalkanwars,theSerbianSokolwasaccusedandpersecutedbecauseof "Greater Serbian propaganda." Against these accusations to stand up anddefendthempersonallyatthattimeDrLazaPopovic,notingcontinueworkSokolto strengthen the moral and spiritual strength of the Serbian people. Work inSokolwassodifficultforsometimeandhasslowedbuthasnotbeensuspended.ShortlythereafterMilanTeodorovicwasarrestedtogetherwithDrLazaPopovicandaccusedof"hightreason". Inprisontheyservedtimeuntil1916,whentheywereprosecuted.LazaPopovicwassentencedto14monthsoftoughbosses,andMilan Teodorovic is released. At the very beginning of thewar Sokol society inKarlovac isdisbanded, its assets are seized, snappedand scattered.AfterWorldWarhawkshavebegunwiththerestorationofSerbianSokoMovementinafreecountry.Evenin1918abolishedtheorderforthedissolutionoftheSerbianSokolcompanies.InthesameyearonNovember17adecisionwasmadetorenewandcontinuetheworkoftheSerbianSokolcompanyinKarlovac.ThisprocessdidnotgosoeasybecauseDrLazaPopovicatthattimestilllivesinZagreb.However,hecontinued his work. "Soon after the Prague rally emerged in South Serbiatumultuouseventsattheendoftheyear1912,theAustro‐Hungarianauthoritiessuspended thework of Serbian Sokol companies for the full year and until thebeginningoftheyear1914.Thatyearwillmark10yearssincethefoundingoftheKarlovac falcon and Serbian Sokol andKarlovac falcon determines celebrate itstenthanniversary for12 July1914. It shouldbenoted thatevenbefore this, theassassinationoftheAustro‐HungarianArchdukeFranzFerdinand,andontheday

10 Brozovic, Ante. "Sokolstvo in Serbia," Sokol collection, 1930., 209 – 211.

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of the scheduled celebrations Soko had already been disbanded and its leadersandmostmemberswerearrested."11

It should be noted that three years earlier, ie in 1911 from Karlovac toBelgradeswitchesoverSokollistSerbianSokobutstartsanewlistSerbianSokolMessenger.

Even before the First World War, during the annexation crisis and theBalkanwars, theSerbianSokolwasaccusedandpersecutedbecauseof"GreaterSerbian propaganda." Against these accusations to stand up and defend thempersonallyatthattimeDrLazaPopovic,notingcontinueworkSokoltostrengthenthe moral and spiritual strength of the Serbian people. Work in Sokol was sodifficult for some time and has slowed but has not been suspended. Shortlythereafter Milan Teodorovic was arrested together with Dr Laza Popovic andaccusedof"hightreason".Inprisontheyservedtimeuntil1916,whentheywereprosecuted.LazaPopovicwassentencedto14monthsoftoughbosses,andMilanTeodorovicisreleased.AttheverybeginningofthewarSokolsocietyinKarlovacisdisbanded,itsassetsareseized,snappedandscattered.

AfterWorldWarhawkshavebegunwith therestorationofSerbianSokolMovementinafreecountry.Evenin1918abolishedtheorderforthedissolutionoftheSerbianSokolcompanies.InthesameyearonNovember17adecisionwasmadetorenewandcontinuetheworkoftheSerbianSokolcompanyinKarlovac.ThisprocessdidnotgosoeasybecauseDrLazaPopovicatthattimestilllivesinZagreb.

At the beginning of the post‐war activities and development, Dr LazaPopovicsuggestedthatallSokolcompaniesinthenewcountryunite.Tothisend,on26January1919,theSerbianFalconparishesFruskogorskaheadquarteredinKarlovac,headedbyDrLazaPopovicconvenedameetingoftheYugoslavSokoliinZagreb.Atthatmeeting,DrLazaPopovicputforwardconcreteproposalsfortheunification of all Sokol organization. The idea of uniting concluded on 28 June1919atSokolVidovdanAssemblyinNewSadu.12AfterVidovdanskokParliamentSokolmovementcameto lifeevenharderandsnažnije.13Thencameofficiallytothe unification of Slovenian, Croatian and Serbian Alliance, whose integral part

11 Protic-Gava, Branka, "The origins and development of the sport of gymnastics in the territory of Vojvodina until 1991". (PhD thesis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, 2005),145.

12 Protic-Gava, Branka, "The origins and development of the sport of gymnastics in the territory of Vojvodina until 1991". (PhD thesis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, 2005), 145.

13 Cvetkovic Dusan. "Sokoli and Sokol meeting 1862-1941.", Belgrade, 1999, 44.

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and Sokoli Vojvodina and enact a draft constitution that union. At the sameParliament Sokolski Alliance decides that the administration takes in Belgrade.Fromthatmomenton,allSerbianFalconsreceivingcommandsandorders fromBelgrade.

A post‐war paper Karlovačkog Falcon should be noted that as themovementremainedyouth.AfterthedepartureoftheEldersofDrLazaPopovićfromKarlovac, Karlovac suffered a stroke and going SokoMilanTeodorovića inNoviSadinearly1920.Theabsenceofthesetwo,andhowyoufelt.

Image4:Sokolexercisesindvoskojgarden,1925.14

The company, however, still successfully continues to work with theYugoslavcharacteristicuntil1941whenduetotheSecondWorldWarceasestoexist. Decisions of state authorities novoostvorene SFRY Sokolstvo prohibitingforever extinguished. Establish a new society under the now called PhysicalEducationOrganization"Partizan".

In this brief description Sokol working in Karlovac it is impossible toexpressall themoments intheworkofthiscompany.Thiscompanyworkedfor30yearsandthishistoryisnotonlyhisbutalsothehistoryoftheSerbianSoko.

14 Archives of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Sremski Karlovci, F.KM. 201/1904.

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MainhonorKarlovačkogSokolwas that theyweredoing forothersandnot justforthemselves,andsoserveasanexampletoothers.

Image5:KarlovacSoko,celebratingbirthdays1932.

FromlefttorightsittingMilanTeodorović,Dr.BogdanPaukovic,StevanZakula,Dr.LazaPopovic,StevanSimeonovicCokic,PanaiotMiodragovicprofessor.15

REFERENCESANDSOURCES

1. Archives of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts project fundedASANUKF.KM201I/1904‐1905

2. Archivesof theSerbianAcademyofSciencesandArts,SremskiKarlovci,ASANUKF.KM.201/1904.

3. Mrkic,Branko. "Thebeginningsof sport in the territoryofVojvodina,"MaticaSerbian,1996.

4. Brozovic,Ante."SokolstvoinSerbia,"Sokolcollection,1930

15 Ibid.

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5. Rules Serbian Sokolske parish Fruska Gora", project funded SokolskoSocietyprojectfundedin1907.

6. Protic‐Gava, Branka, "The origins and development of the sport ofgymnastics in the territory of Vojvodina until 1991". PhD thesis,UniversityofBelgrade,FacultyofSportandPhysicalEducation,2005.

7. Sokolskihigh‐treasonprocess,SremskiKarlovci,1915

8. Zvezdan, Savic, "Sokol movement in Serbia from 1903 to 1945". PhDthesis,UniversityofBelgrade,FacultyofPhysicalEducation,2004).

9. Commemorative Karlovac falcon 1904‐1929" project funded SokolskoSocietyprojectfundedin1929.

10. Cvetkovic Dusan. "Sokoli and Sokol meeting 1862‐1941.", Belgrade,1999.

11. Sesum, Velimir, "Sokol movement of Vojvodina from 1869 to 1945".Doctoral dissertation, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sport andPhysicalEducation,2014.

СЕРБСКОЕСОКОЛЬСКОЕОБЩЕСТВОВСРЕМСКИХКАРЛОВАЦАХ1904‐1945

РЕЗЮМЕ

Во введении к статье, есть краткая история Сокольства у славян и чтопредшествовалоикакраспространялисьидеиСокольстваусербов.ВлияниемолодежнойассамблеиСербиикотораясостоялосьвКарловцахв1903. годунаразвитиеСокольства.Желанияинамерениясербскоймолодежиивлияниедоктора Лазы Поповича на основание первого Сербского сокольскогообщества в Карловаце в 1904. году. Влияние и значение первого Сербскогосокольскогообщества,зараспространениеСокольстваусербов.

Предметомисследованияявляетсясокольскоеобщество"сербскийсокол"из Сремских Карловаца в период 1904‐1945., точнее сбор и организацияфактовиданныхкоторыесвидельствуютооснованиииразвитию"сербскогосокола" в СремскихКарловацах 1904‐1945., проверкафактов в связи с этим,используясоответствующиенаучныеметоды,особенноисторическийметод,потомучтоисследованиеисторическое.

Результаты работы были представлены в виде конечных выводовсоображений, все полученные результаты обединены в соответствии сиспользованнойтеорическоймоделю.

Вобсуждениикритическирассматриваетсяисследуемыйматериал.

Ключевыеслова:Сокольскоеобщество,СремскиКарловци,дрМирославТирш,ЛазаКостић,Молодежнаяассамблея,дрЛазаПоповић.

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СОКОЛСКОДРУШТВОСРПСКИСОКОСРЕМСКИКАРЛОВЦИОД1904.ДО1945.

САЖЕТАК

Ууводномделурада, износи се кратакисторијат соколствакодСловена,каоиштајепретходилоикакосеразвијалаидејасоколствакодСрба.УтицајСкупштине Омладине Српске одржане у Карловцима 1903. године на развојсоколства. Жеље и намере Омладине Српске и укључивање карловачкогфизика др Лазе Поповића у оснивању првог Соколског друштва уКарловцима,1904.године.УтицајизначајпрвогСоколскогдруштванаразвојсоколствакодСрба.

Предметистраживања је Соколско друштво „Српски соко” из СремскихКарловацаод1904.до1945.године,односноњеговапојава,развојитрајање,Циљ истраживања би, дакле, био проналажење, прикупљање и сређивањечињеница и података о оснивању, развоју и трајању „Српског сокола” уСремскимКрловцимаод1904.до1945.,односноутврђивањачињеницаувезиса тим, применом одговарајућих научних метода, а пре свих историјскогметода,јерјеистраживањепосвомкарактеруисторијско.

Урезултатимарадасупредстављениуформизавршнихразматрањаиликонстатација, сви добијени резултати обједињени према компонентамапримењеногтеоријскогмодела,атосупочеци,развојитрајањеовогдруштваод1904.до1945.

У дискусији се даје критика истраженог и интерпретација историјскихчињеница у објашњењу оснивања, развоја и трајања „Српског сокола” уСремскимКарловцимаод1904.до1945.

Кључнеречи:Соколскодруштво,СремскиКарловци,дрМирославТирш,ЛазаКостић,Омладинскаскупштина,дрЛазаПоповић.

SOCIÉTÉDESOKOLSERBESOKOSREMSKIKARLOVCI1904‐1945

RÉSUMÉ

Danslapartieintroductivedel'article,ily’aunbrefhistoriquedeSokolismdesSlaves, ainsique cequi aprécédéet commentdévelopperdes idéesSokolismdesSerbes.L'influencedel'AssembléedelaJeunesseserbetenueàKarlovcien1903surledéveloppementdeSokolism.LesdésirsetlesintentionsserbedelaJeunesseetdel'inclusion de Karlovac physique Dr Laza Popovic dans l'établissement de lapremièresociétéSokolàKarlovac,1904.L'influenceetl'importancedelapremièresociétéSokolàdévelopperSokolismlesSerbes.

Le sujet de recherche Sokol Société "faucon serbe" de SremskiKarlovci 1904‐1945,ousonaspect,ledéveloppementet ladurée, lebutdecetterechercheserait

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donc,la conclusion, la collecte et l’organisation des faits et des données sur laformation, le développement et durable "faucon serbe "de Sremski Krlovci 1904‐1945,oulesfaitsàcetégard,enutilisantdesméthodesscientifiquesappropriées,etsurtoutlaméthodehistorique,parcequelarecherchedesoncaractère,historique.

Les résultats des travauxont étéprésentés sous la formede considérationsetconclusions finales,tous les résultats compilés par les composants des modèlesthéoriques appliqués,et ce sont les débuts, le développement et la durée de cettesociétéde1904‐1945.

Dans la discussion il y’a la critique exploré et l'interprétation des faitshistoriquespourexpliquerlamiseenplace,ledéveloppementetladuréedu"fauconserbe"dansKarlovcide1904‐1945.

Lesmots‐clés:ProjetSociétéSokol,Dr.MiroslavTirs,LazaKostic,L’AssembléedelaJeunesse,dr.LazaPopovic.