Sociology 101Narr.greg14@gmail.comSociology is the study of human society and human relationshipsSociology study topics such as work, religion, and race all sociologists are connected by sociological imagination the term was coined by c wright mills. Mills believes that he is what society tells him to do and says all of his personal experience can be explained by larger forces in society. To understand the personal you need to move beyond the personal. We begin to believe things that society tells us for example you dont have a job because you are not working hard enough. We connect our personal experience to society at large and greater historical fact he also said "make the familiar strangea " or to question the habits or customs of habits that seem "natural" to us Social institutions are a network of structures in society that work to socialize the groups of people within them examples are the legal system, prisons, the educational system, the military and family.Social identity is the way individuals define themselves in relationship to groups they are a part of (or in relationship to groups they choose not to be a part of) sum total of stories that make grand narrativeConnections to other social structures the legal system is to enforce copyright law primary and secondary systems to sort out who can attend college administrative system is to select staff and faculty so it becomes very hard to fake getting a college diplomaAsking a rich sociological questionAn example of a bad sociological question is after 9/11 what is going on in the Muslim community that produces terrorists the consequences of this was hate crimes against the Muslim population and a cultural stigma that led to hate crimes.Five Theoretical FrameworksConflict theory- Is that conflict at all levels is the force that drives social change opposite the functionalists idea that societies are in general harmony with occasional breakdowns inequality exist at the expense of less powerful groups Marco-sociologyFunctionalism- Analyze society by understanding the roles of different social institutions and social phenomena at play extensions of a 19th century theory called organisms the notion that society is like a living organism with each part playing a role to keep society tougher ideas from Emile Durkheim macro-sociologyEmile Durkheim - founder of positivist sociology devolved the theory that division of labor help determine how social cohesion is maintained or not maintained in society often associated with functionalismFeminism theory emerged in the 1960's from the women movement there no idea but share the belief sociology and society in general subordinate womenPost modernism The Grand narrative of history are history nothing is objectively real everything is a social construction including "facts" everything can be deconstructedSociologist are concerned about a general trends in questionWhen asking a sociological quest use generalized questions and then a use these general terms in a theoretical frameworkHow to research and find answers to your sociological questions? Research question why do people smoke even though they know the consequences?Research method Quantitative approach turns phenomenon and events into numerical form The Qualitative method attempt to collect information in a non-numeric formDeductive approachStarts with a theory Develop a hypnosis Make an empirical observation Analysis dataHistorical method what is the history behind how something has happenedComparative approach is to compare different places Participant observation young the community and observe interactionsInterviews you can ask questions directly or in a roundabout waySurvey research is often considered quantitative research Content analysis Experimentation testing your theory in a controlled environment

Socialization is the process by which individuals internalize the values beliefs norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that societyCharles Horton Cooley theorized that self emerges from our ability to assume the point of view of others and to imagine how others see us coin the term looking glass selfGeorge Herbert Mead development a theory of how the social self develops over the course of childhood infants know only I but through social interaction they learn about me and the other they develop a concept of the generalized order which allows them to apply norms and behaviors Social deviance are transgression of norms and values Social cohesion refers to the way people form social bonds relate to each other and get along on a day to day basisEmile Durkheim theorized that social cohesion is established though mechanical solidarity based on the sameness of society parts or members or organic solidarity based on the interdependence of specialized part or membersHoward Becker individuals dont commit crimes rather social groups create deviance by setting the rules for what right and wrong and second by labelling wrongdoers as outsiders Labeling hierarchy only politicians and law makers can decide what is deviant Stratification refers to systemic inequality Before capitalism there was feudalism during the 15th century feudalism started to decline the enclosure system which forced people to move out it lasted from 1500-1700 a lot of peasants started to go to the cities by kicking peasants off the land the land itself became valuable Capitalism helps maintain a cohesiveness also in capitalism there is a free hand that Carl Marx and Fredrick Engels wrote the communist manifesto Karl Marx says in capitalism we are alienated from the product because we dont know what where making anymoreWe are also alienated from the production process we are also alienated from each other and finally we are alienated from ourselvesMax weber who wrote the protestant ethic and spirit of capitalismThe State is an abstract concept that is made up of many different types of things Types of legitimate authority Charismatic authority in authority using ones charisma in order to traditional authority is when things are done because they have always been that way Bureaucracy is a legal rational organization or code of administration that governs with reference to rules and emphasizes meritocracy A Process in the making many believe that there are only two sexes male and female and that all people fall into one categoryRace is a social construction Religion is a system of beliefs and practices around sacred beliefs that share a same story Religions of the world theismEhticalismAnimism the beliefs that sprits inhabit the natural world Sacred describes holy thingsProfane describes ordinary mundane thins of everyday lifeWhy do we separate the sacred from the profane? We do we need religionHow might religious ideas shape society?Can we ever detach from religion Karl Marx- theory historical materialism which identifies class as the primary cause of social change Karl Marx argued that religion was used to keep workers from question their oppressed position in everyday life by promising them riches in the afterlife Marx on religion religious suffering is at one and the same time Religion is the opium for the massesReligion is sometimes used to justify inequalitySome religious leaders are also openly critical of inequalityMax WebernEmile Durkhiem functionalism guyRecent trends secularism is a movement away from religion and more towards science Pluralism is the presence of number and distinct groups in one societySecularism or speculation less people goes to services but more people express their religious beliefs Religion has sparked many social movements that shaped society Race and religion

December 18th is the time of the final 1:40-3:40