SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

22
SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization

Transcript of SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

Page 1: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL

Personality Development

 

The Social Self

 

Agents of Socialization

Page 2: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

Read the following statements. Do Read the following statements. Do you think they are true or false?you think they are true or false?

It has been proven that people’s It has been proven that people’s personalities are not shaped by their personalities are not shaped by their environment.environment.

As long a child’s basic needs such as As long a child’s basic needs such as food and clothing are met, he or she food and clothing are met, he or she has no need for human contact to has no need for human contact to develop basic skills.develop basic skills.

People’s personalities are rarely shaped People’s personalities are rarely shaped by their families.by their families.

Page 3: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Personality- the sum total of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual

Our personality traits determine how we adjust to our environment and how we react to situations

People’s personalities continue to develop throughout their lifetimes.

Page 4: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

NATURE VS NURTURE

Heredity- the transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children

Instinct- an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern

Sociobiology- the systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior

Page 5: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

Nature Nurture

What is it?

In the "nature vs. nurture" debate, nature refers to an individual's innate qualities (nativism).

In the "nature vs. nurture" debate, nurture refers to personal experiences (i.e. empiricism or behaviorism).

Example Nature is your genes. The physical and personality traits determined by your genes stay the same irrespective of where you were born and raised.

Nurture refers to your childhood, or how you were brought up. Someone could be born with genes to give them a normal height, but be malnourished in childhood, resulting in stunted growth and a failure to develop as expected.

Factors Biological and family factors

Social and environmental factors

Page 6: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

HEREDITYEveryone has certain

characteristics that are present at birth.Ex: body build, hair type, eye

color, skin color

Aptitude- a capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a particular body of knowledgeEx: a natural talent for music or

art would be considered an aptitude

Even though identical twins share the same genetic makeup, environmental factors contribute a great deal to their

personalities and social behavior

Page 7: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

BIRTH ORDER

The order in which we are born into our families influences our personalities.

First-born children are more likely to be achievement oriented and responsible

Later-born children tend to be better in social relationships and be more affectionate and friendly

Page 8: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.
Page 9: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

PARENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

Personality development in children is also influenced by the characteristics of their parents.

Characteristics include: Parents Age Level of Education Religious Orientation Economic Status Cultural Heritage Occupational Background

Page 10: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTCulture has a

strong influence on personality development.

Each society has model personalities that are typical of members of that society.Ex: In the United

States competitiveness, assertiveness, and individualism are common

Page 11: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

ISOLATION IN CHILDHOOD

Remarkably, several recorded instances exist in which children have been raised without the influence of a cultural environment.

Feral Children- wild or untamed children

Anna and Isabelle pg 102

Genie pg 103

Page 12: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

THE SOCIAL SELF At birth, humans cannot talk, walk,

feed themselves, or protect themselves from harm.

Through interaction with their social and cultural environments, people are transformed into participating members of their society.

Socialization- the interactive process through which people learn basic skills, values, beliefs, and behavior patterns of a society.

Self- your conscious awareness of possessing a distinct identity that separates you and your environment from other members of society

Page 13: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.
Page 14: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

LOCKE: TABULA RASA

John Locke, a philosopher from the 1600s insisted that each newly born human being is a tabula rasa, or clean slate.

He claimed that each of us is born without a personality.

Today few people have such an extreme view.

Page 15: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

COOLEY: THE LOOKING GLASS SELF

Known for developing the idea of the primary group for his theory of explaining how individuals develop a sense of self

Looking Glass Self- the interactive process by which we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to others.

According to Cooley, our understanding of how others see us influences how we

view ourselves and forms part of our identity

Page 16: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

MEAD: ROLE-TAKING

According to Mead, seeing ourselves as others see us is only the beginning. Eventually we take on or pretend to take the roles of others.

Role Taking- allows us to anticipate what others expect of us

School-age children participate in organized games to help further the socialization process. During these games children play specific roles

and anticipate others’ actions

Page 17: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

Agents of Socialization- the specific individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to take place

In the United States, the primary agents of socialization include family, the peer group, the school, and the mass media.

Page 18: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

AOS: THE FAMILY

The family is the most important agent of socialization in almost every society.

Its primary importance is its role in socializing young children.

Children first interact with others and first learn the values, norms, and beliefs of society through their families.

An example may be a mother teaching her children about the importance of

telling the truth

Page 19: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

AOS: THE PEER GROUPPeer Group- a primary

group composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics

Peer groups are particularly influential during the pre-teenage and early teenage years.

Parents become alarmed if they believe that the norms and values of the peer group are more important to their children than the family

Page 20: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

AOS: THE SCHOOL

For most young people, school occupies large amounts of time and attention, thus school plays a major role in socializing individuals

Class activities are planned for teaching various subjects

Extracurricular activities are intended to prepare students for life in the larger society.

Between the ages of 5 and 18, students spend some 30 weeks a year in school. Teachers may become role models that influence students through

regular academics as well as extra curricular activities

Page 21: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

AOS: THE MASS MEDIA

Mass Media- instruments of communication that reach large audiences with no personal contact between those sending the information and those receiving itEx: books, films, internet,

magazines, newspapers, radio, and TV

98% of homes in the US have at least one TV

Children 6-17 average 28 hours of TV a week

Sociologists who study mass media have raised concerns about the

influence of violent programming on the behavior of children

Page 22: SOCIALIZING THE INDIVIDUAL Personality Development The Social Self Agents of Socialization.

AOS: RESOCIALIZATIONTotal Institution- setting in

which people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and are subject to tight controlEx: prisons, military boot camps,

monasteries, and psychiatric hospitals

Resocialization- involves a break with past experiences and the learning of new values and norms

Once the person’s sense of self has been weakened, it is easier for those in power to convince that person to conform to new patterns of behavior

Prison attempts to resocialize individuals by removing all semblance

of personal identity. Prisoners wear the same uniform and have to give up

many freedoms