EQ How do Hinduism and Buddhism compare and contrast? 7.1.spi.3 Compare and contrast the tenets of the five major world religions.

Activator Because students just covered standards about the world’s five major faiths in sixth grade, have students create a T-Chart on scrap paper of what they remember about Hinduism and Buddhism. Give 1 minute. After 1 minute, allow students to give one, get one for 1 min. Share as a class and make a master list.

Teaching Strategies

G/O- complete graphic organizer from previous lesson.

Read text p 626-628

View United Streaming video, Hinduism (28:00)

Have students add to their World Religion Graphic Organizer.AP#1 Question and Answer: Each student should use their notes to quiz their partner over the knowledge covered about Hinduism.

Read text p. 628-629, 641-642, 665

View United Streaming video, Making of a Monk (14:00)

Have students add to their World Religion Graphic OrganizerAP#2 Think/pair/share: How are Hinduism and Buddhism similar? How are they different?• Have the students work in small groups to read India: Land of Many Faiths, Jr. Scholastic Article, December 2004. (Orren has this)•Students will answer questions 1 – 10 at the end of the article (each must turn in their own paper.)AP#3 Think & record: Using various slides with characteristics of Buddhism and Hinduism, have the students hold up their right hand for Hinduism and hold up their left hand for Buddhism.

Summary Students will individually complete a Venn Diagram and hand out as their ticket out the door.

Homework Options

World Religions Poster and 8 Fold Path Personal Response

Social Studies Warm-Up

1. Get out your homework from Friday5 Pillars of Islam

2. Answer the following questions. - You may use your notes to do this!

Determine if you think it belongs with Christianity (C), Islam (I), or Judaism (J)

1. Their Holy Book is called the Qur’an.

2. Jesus is considered the Son of God.

3. This religion accepts both the Old and New Testaments as Holy Books.

4. Followers participate in a pilgrimage to Mecca.

5. This religion is the oldest of the three.

6. Abraham is regarded as the father of their people.

7. This religion believes in one Supreme Being.

8. This religion accepts the Old Testament as its only Holy Book.

9. Abraham and Moses are considered prophets.

10. Jerusalem is considered a holy city.

11. Followers of this religion call themselves Muslims.

12. The Ten Commandments are accepted as guidelines for ethical behavior.

13. Jesus is recognized as an important prophet.

14. This religion has a number of denominations or sects.

15. This religion believes in the divine creation of the universe.

16. This religion is the second oldest of the three.

17. Their Holy Book includes the story of the birth of Jesus at Bethlehem.

18. Their place of worship is a church.

19. Their place of worship is a mosque.

20. Their place of worship is a synagogue.

HomeworkShahada Salat Zakzt Sawm Haji

Tradition in Islam

Similar Tradition in Christianity

Similar Tradition in Judaism

How are Hinduism and Buddhism compare and

contrast?7.1.spi.3

Tell me what you know about Buddhism and

Hinduism

- You will have one minute to tell what you know about both Buddhism and Hinduism.

- You must have at least 3 facts for each.

Hinduism

Text: Upanishads, Vedas, BhagvadgitaPopulation and location: 800 million, IndiaWhen originated: 3000 BC, Indus Valley (Oldest)Beliefs: • Monotheistic (Truth is one) by Hindu standards, regarded by

most as polytheistic• Karma (actions and reactions)• Rebirth… life is a cycle• No founderPractices:• Meditation and concentration• Compassion towards living beings (many are vegetarian)• Bathing in the Ganges river to be made anew.Place of worship: TempleBranches: Vaishnavites, Shaivites, neo-Hindus and reform Hindus

Your turn…

- Come up with four questions about Hinduism (you must know the answer.)

- You will then trade papers with your neighbor and they will answer your questions.

- Trade back and grade their mini-quiz!!!

- How did you do?

Let’s Read

• Turn to page 628 in your SS Book

Let’s Watch

• Making of a Monk

• Add 10 new facts to your notes!!!

BuddhismText: Upanishads, Vedas, Bhagvadgita,

Tripitika Population and location: 800 million, IndiaWhen found: 500 BC, 2500 years agoBeliefs: • Atheistic or no belief in a supreme being

but do believe in souls (polytheistic.)• Karma (actions and reactions)• Rebirth… life is a cycle• Desire equals suffering. Removal of

desire equals removal of suffering.• Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (a

Hindu)Practices:• Some worship Buddha, some do not.• Compassion towards living beings (many

are vegetarian)• Meditation and concentration, chantingPlace of worship: TempleBranches: Mahayana, Theravada, Lamaism,

(Vajrayana/Tibetan/Tantric)

BeliefsFour Noble Truths:

1. All of life is marked by suffering.2. Suffering is caused by desire and attachment.3. Suffering can be eliminated.4. Suffering is eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path.

Noble Eightfold Path:1. Right beliefs2. Right aspirations3. Right speech4. Right conduct5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right meditational attainment.

• Think/pair/share: How are Hinduism and Buddhism similar? How are they different?

India: Land of Many Faiths

• Read with your table

• Each member of your table should answer questions 1-10 at the end of the article.

Let’s Review

• Tell me which religion the following statements belong to by raising your hand.

• Everyone must participate!!!!

• Right Hand = Hinduism

• Left Hand = Buddhism

• Some questions may have both as an answer

Biblical tithing is followed; followers also give of their

time to charity

Fasting during the month of Ramadan

monks

No ritual pilgrimage required although many religious sites

recognized

Some followers “give up” items or practices during Lent

Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime

Began when Siddhartha Gautama witnessed the state

of the world around him

Fasting is observed during Yom Kippur

Upanishads and Bhagavad-Gita

Prayer on an individual basis; no prescribed times

Belief that Christ is the Messiah

Based on eliminating suffering

Three sets of prayers recited each day;

sunrise, noon, and sundown

Wheel and lotus

Oldest of the faiths

Majority of followers are in India

Worship in temples

There is only one God; Muhammad is his prophet

Belief in reincarnation

Followers are urged to tithe 10% of their income

Majority of followers are in SE Asia

Belief that Muhammad was the final and greatest prophet

One spiritual ritual is to have bad karma washed away by

the Ganges River

belief in one God

Om

Prayers are performed 5 times daily

8 Fold Path and 4 Noble Truths

Uses Torah / Old Testament

5 Pillars of faith suggest a Hajj to Mecca once in a lifetime

Worship in a synagogue

Worship in cathedrals and churches

Birthplace in the Middle East

Belief in one God; Jesus Christ is the son of God;

the Trinity

A. ReincarnationB. Began in IndiaC. Major religion of India todayD. Has no founderE. Founded by Siddhartha GautaumaF. Caste System

G. 8-Fold Path

H. Brahman—the eternal spirit

I. Karma

J. 4 Noble Truths

K. Polytheistic

Hinduism Buddhism

Both

The following diagram compares and contrasts Hinduism and Buddhism. Read each item atthe bottom of the page and place the corresponding letter in the appropriate oval. If the itemis true for both religions, place the letter in the area where the ovals overlap.

1. Date founded: c. 520 BCE 2. Place founded: Northeastern India 3. Founder: Siddharta Gautama ("the Buddha"), an Indian prince 4. Adherents: 360 million {1} Size rank: Fourth largest world religion

{2}5. Main locations: China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia 6. Sacred texts: Tripitaka7. Spiritual leader: Monk (lama in Tibetan Buddhism) 8. Place of ritual: Temple, meditation hall.9. Some branches are atheistic; While other branches are polytheistic. 10. Ultimate reality: None. Nothing is permanent. 11. Human nature: There is no self or soul. Human existence is nothing

more than a combination of five impermanent components (khandas).

12. Purpose of life: Theravada - Become an arhat, escape the cycle of rebirth, and attain nirvana. Mahayana - Become a boddhisatva then help others attain enlightenment.

13. Afterlife: Rebirth or nirvana. Nirvana is seen simply as the cessation of suffering by some and as a heavenly paradise by others.

14. Four Noble Truths: 1. All of life is marked by suffering.2. Suffering is caused by desire and attachment.3. Suffering can be eliminated.4. Suffering is eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path.

15. Noble Eightfold Path: 1. Right beliefs2. Right aspirations3. Right speech4. Right conduct5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right meditational attainment

16. Because the lotus flower begins in the muck of mud, grows through the water towards light then blossoms at the surface it is the symbol for Buddhism. It is seen as a direct symbolic reference of life. Life is the muck. Following the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path is the journey towards the light and if you have lived that selfless life you will achieve true enlightenment.

1. Record on the timeline.2. Where did Buddhism originate?3. What is the foundation of Buddhism?4. What is Buddhism’s rank in the world by

population? What is that population?5. Where are the concentrated areas of

Buddhism practice?6. What is the holy text of the Buddhists?7. There are two names for leaders of

Buddhisms. What are they?8. What is the place of prayer and meditation

called?9. Explain the theism of Buddhism.10. What is the ultimate reality and why?11. Do Buddhist believe humans have souls? 12. What is the goal of a Buddhist’s life?13. What is nirvana?14. What is the reoccurring theme found in

the Four Noble Truths?15. In the Noble Eightfold Path the word

“Right” occurs over and over. What is the definition of the word “right” in this case?

What are the basics of Buddhism?B Answer Key

• Afterlife: Rebirth or nirvana. Nirvana is seen simply as the cessation of suffering by some and as a heavenly paradise by others.

• Four Noble Truths: 1. All of life is marked by suffering.2. Suffering is caused by desire and attachment.3. Suffering can be eliminated.4. Suffering is eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path.

• Noble Eightfold Path: 1. Right beliefs2. Right aspirations3. Right speech4. Right conduct5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right meditational attainment

• Because the lotus flower begins in the muck of mud, grows through the water towards light then blossoms at the surface it is the symbol for Buddhism. It is seen as a direct symbolic reference of life. Life is the muck. Following the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path is the journey towards the light and if you have lived that selfless life you will achieve true enlightenment.

What are the basics of Buddhism?B

• Date founded: c. 520 BCE • Place founded: Northeastern India • Founder: Siddharta Gautama ("the Buddha"),

an Indian prince • Adherents: 360 million {1} Size rank: Fourth

largest world religion {2}• Main locations: China, Japan, Korea, Southeast

Asia • Sacred texts: Tripitaka• Spiritual leader: Monk (lama in Tibetan

Buddhism) • Place of ritual: Temple, meditation hall.• Some branches are atheistic; While other

branches are polytheistic. • Ultimate reality: None. Nothing is permanent. • Human nature: There is no self or soul. Human

existence is nothing more than a combination of five impermanent components (khandas).

• Purpose of life: Theravada - Become an arhat, escape the cycle of rebirth, and attain nirvana. Mahayana - Become a boddhisatva then help others attain enlightenment.

• 3rd largest c. 1,000,000,000 followers• Oldest c. 5,000 BC• Location: Most of the Hindus live in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka with considerable presence in all

other parts of the world also.  About 85% of Hindus live in India.  That is why India is also called as “Hindustan.”

• Known as: People who follow Hinduism are called as “Hindus.” • Founder: Hinduism has no single founder.  It has been evolving over the thousands of years and will

continue to.• Origin: Hinduism originated in India.  Hinduism is largely based on the teachings from Vedas• Karma: Karma means your deeds.  Hindus believe that our fate depends upon our Karma i.e. as you

sow so shall you reap.  If you do bad Karma, you have to compensate for it in this as well as your next life.  Your next life depends upon your Karma.

• Reincarnation: A soul dwells in every living thing.  Body is mortal but the soul is immortal.  When we die, our soul enters a new body and the cycle continues until we get salvation. It will be easier to understand the basic concept of Hinduism if you know Law of Conservation of Energy. For those who have a science background or have some interest in science know the Law of Conservation of Energy very well.  It is like this:“Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.  Only one form of energy can be transformed into other.  The sum of all the energies in the universe remains the same.” According to Hinduism, human body is perishable but the soul is immortal and is subjected to the continuous cycle of birth and rebirth.  The soul changes bodies as a living person changes his/her clothes.  So, the thing which we call death is actually just a transformation of soul from one body to another as the energy changes from one form to the other.  This cycle continues births after births and the soul is subjected to sufferings endlessly.So, the ultimate goal of a Hindu’s life is to attend salvation (also called as Moksha or Nirvana) i.e. freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth.  One can attend salvation when the soul of a person fully becomes one with the supreme spirit called “Brahman” (or God) who is eternal, genderless, omnipotent, and omniscient.

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• Meaning of the word: The word “Hinduism” actually has no real meaning because Hinduism was not founded as a religion.  The name “Hindu” is given by the people outside of the India, especially Greeks and Arabs, to those living in the vicinity of “Sindhu” river.  So, the way of life those people were following is called “Hinduism.”

• What do they worship: Hindus believe in one God named as “Brahman” but view other Gods and Goddesses as manifestations of Him. Therefore, in practice, they worship more than one God.  Most Hindus worship God in the form of an idol.  Rivers, mountains, trees, animals, and natural things which are useful for a human being are revered in Hinduism.  Cow is the most revered animal for Hindus.

• Main Deities: Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu, and Lord Shiva are the creator, protector, and destroyer respectively.  These are the three main deities in Hinduism.  Besides them, Lord Ganesha, Lord Krishna, Lord Hanuman, Lord Rama, and Goddess Parvati are the most popular deities in Hinduism.

• Aims of life: Dharma (righteousness), Artha (wealth), Kama (desire), and Moksha (salvation) are the four objectives of a Hindu’s life. Salvation is the ultimate goal of a Hindu’s life.

• Contributions: – Yoga, vegetarianism, and meditation are the best gifts of Hinduism to the world. Palmistry,

acupuncture, martial art, and many other ancient wonders originated in India and are parts of Hinduism Religion.

– Hinduism is the source of inspiration for three other major religions of the world viz. Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism.

– Zero and decimal system were invented in India.  On the basis of which the modern science exists.

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Symbols: According to Vedas, Om is the sound which was present at the time of creation of universe and it is the only symbol, which represents the God (Brahman).

Sacred Books or Scriptures: Four Vedas, Upanishadas, and Bhagvadgita are a few of the main books relied upon for guidance.

Language: Most of the Hindu scriptures are written in Sanskrit.  Sanskrit is considered to be the mother of all the languages.  Sanskrit is considered to be the language of demi-Gods.

Eating Habits: Most of the Hindus do not eat beef and/or pork.  They also do not eat non-vegetarian food on auspicious days.  Hinduism strongly advocates vegetarianism.  Food is highly revered and wasting the food is considered as a very bad habit.

Important Hindu Festivals:1.  Diwali – The festival of lights2. Gudhipadawa – Hindu New Year3. Mahashivratri – The day on which the universe was created.Vedic restraints for Hindus are:1.  Ahimsa (not to harm others)2.  Satya (truthfullness)3.  Asteya (Nonstealing)4.  Brahmacharya (Avoiding promiscuity in thoughts, word, and deed)5.  Kshama (Forgiveness)6.  Dhriti (Steadfastness)7.  Daya (Compassion)8.  Arjaya (Honesty)Other random facts:• Parents, teachers, and food are considered next to God. • Wasting food is considered as a very bad habit in Hinduism.• Hindus do not wear footwear inside the temples or homes.• Because of the usefulness of rivers, they are highly revered in Hinduism.  People call them as mother.  Ganges is the

highest revered river for Hindus.• Hindus believe that we get the human body when our soul passes through 8,400,000 species (Yonis).

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