Social Studies Chapter 2 Lesson 1:

Regional Disagreements

Lesson 1: Regional Differences

The North• Industries and trade

growing rapidly• Immigrants coming for jobs• Economy depended on

manufacturing• Farms numerous, but small• Did not use slaves• Wanted to abolish

slavery

The South• Smaller population• Little immigration• Economy dependent on

cash crops of cotton and tobacco which was sold to the North and Europe

• Large plantations working slaves

• Wanted slavery to continue

Immigrants from Italy

Drawing of a Northern Chair Factory

Percentages of The North The South

Population 70 30

Slaves 0 100

Factories 85 15

Farms 65 35

Railroads 70 30

Bank Deposits 80 20

Resources of the North and South in 1860

Population in 1860

1860’s Railroad Engine

Disagreements Grow: Sectionalism

• In 1828 Congress passed a high tariff (tax) on imported goods.

• Helped the North due to their factories because the tariff raised the prices on European goods.

• Tariff of 1828 hurt the South because they imported more goods from Europe than the North did.

• Tariffs were raised again in 1832.

• They further hurt the South’s economy

Debate Over States’ Rights

• President Andrew Jackson and Vice-President John C. Calhoun had different views of the tariff. Calhoun was against it, and Jackson believed that the federal government had the right to collect the taxes from the tariff.

• Jackson and Calhoun both believed in states’ r rights, or the belief that the federal government should stay out of the states’

business.

Not Slave Labor Working in This Factory

Division over Slavery: Territories• In the West, there were

territories that wished to join the Union, but the great debate in America was the issue of slavery. There were about as many free states as slave states when these territories wanted to become

states.

In 1819, Missouri wanted to become a state. People from the South rushed into Missouri, so they could vote to have the territory admitted to the Union as a slave state.

In 1820, Congressman Henry Clay worked out the Missouri Compromise

Missouri Compromise

Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state, but to maintain the balance Maine would enter as a free state. Then they agreed that in the western territories, they drew a line on a map and slavery would be allowed south of that line and free states would be north of that line.

The Compromise of 1850

• The Missouri Compromise lasted for 30 years, but then settlers in California wanted to join as a free state. This would give the free states an advantage in Congress. Henry Clay worked to have another compromise. California joined as a free state with New Mexico and Utah allowed to make up their minds later. Also, the Fugitive Slave Law was part of the Compromise of 1850.

Bloody Kansas: 1854

The Kansas-Nebraska Act • Passed in 1854• People in Kansas and

Nebraska could vote if they were going to be free or slave states.

• Both sides sent their people rushing in and conflict started with many people killed.

Also Called Bloody Kansas• Kansas finally joined the

Union as a free state.• However, most people now

realized that there could not be a peaceful settlement of this long-standing dispute.

Bloody Kansas

What You Need to Know

• What regional differences caused conflicts between the North and South?

• Use the word TARIFF in a sentence about trade

• How did the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 affect people of the South?

• How was the Missouri Compromised changed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Not the End:

Only the Beginning of the Worst Period in American History