Unequal Opportunities for African AmericansSOCIAL STUDIESIV BIMESTRIAL

The word “colored” on the sign above referred to African Americans.

Jim Crow Laws

Harsh laws separated the races in the United States, especially in the South. Even the U.S. Supreme Court did not helpp to end this unfair treatment.

Segregation is the separation of people of different races. These laws were known as Jim Crow Laws.

White Americans and African Americans led almost completely separate lives.

These laws segregated schools, theaters, buses, trains and other public spaces.

Jim Crow Laws Hospitals used by white patients

could not treat African Americans.

Blacks and whites could not sit together in the same restaurants or use the same restrooms.

They could not drink at the same water fountains or visit the same parks.

Even cemeteries were segregated.

Jim Crow Laws

In Southern states, other laws were passed to keep African Americans from voting.

Some states required voters to pass a reading test to vote. Because the education of African Americans was often discouraged, many could not pass the test.

In other states, African Americans had to pay a voting tax or meet other requirements.

Jim Crow Laws

Segregation Limits Opportunities

Segregation limited the civil rights of African Americans.

Civil rights are the rights all citizens should have under the U.S. Constitution.

One Supreme Court judge disagreed, Jogn Marshall Harlan argued that the Supreme Court’s decision was wrong.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2Iwa9LeuFM

Migrating North

Migration North Great Migration: it was when 6

millions of African Americans moved from farming areas in the South to big cities in the North.

Most of them moved to New York, Detroit, Cleveland, and Chicago.

Chicago Defender: This was an important African American newspaper that encouraged the Great Migration.

Homework

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak1Uk8-3EE8

Investigate: African American Leaders Give three reasons, why African Americans left the South in the

Great Migration. Make a Venn Diagram, comparing and constrasting White people

and colored people.

The Fight for Women’s Rights

Women did not always have the right to vote in the United States, but many worked to get this right.

In the early 1900s the United States was changing, and women wanted to be part of that change.

New jobs and better educational opportunities made their lives richer. But women’s rights were limited, and they still could not vote.

Most women in the mid-to late 1800s were homemakers.

Changing Roles for Women

Before they married, many women in cities worked as maids or in factories, mills, and workshops.

Better educated women were teachers. Very poor women kept working after they

married. Often, they washed and mended clothes. By 1900, about 4 million women worked in

jobs other than farming. Few women worked in the same professions as men.

ActivityDraw in your notebook a sign or write a slogan about a right or freedom you value and want to protect.

Changing Roles for Women

Women worked in lare offices or as telephone operators.

They became nurses, professors, librarians, and social workers.

A few were lawyers, doctors, and writers.

Mid-Late 1800s 1900-1925 (2016)

Women’s Roles

The same

Women took care of their families and homes.

Working for More Rights In the 1800s, many jobs were closed

to women. Married women couldn’t own property. Women had nowhere to go if there

were problems at home. The temperance movement, was a

call for people to reduce or stop drinking alcohol.

Many women also worked to end slavery.

Seneca Falls Convention

In July 1848, two women’s rights leaders, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized a meeting in Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss women’s rights.

Almost 250 men and women attended. At the Seneca Falls Convention,

Stanton read a statement based on the Declaration of Independence, stating that men and women were equal.

Seneca Falls Convention

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKasgKQFe2w

Women’s Right to Vote

Later the convention voted on 12 statements about women’s rights.

The ninth one demanded that women have the right to vote.

The women’s suffrage movement was born.

Suffrage is the right to vote, and people who worked for women’s suffrage were called suffragists.

Timeline of Important Events in Suffragist History

1880Sussana Salter elected first woman mayor in U.S.

1860American Woman Suffrage Association

1840Seneca Falls Convention

Timeline of Important Events in Suffragist History

1900-1920Jeannette Rankin became the first

woman elected to the U.S.

Women had the same voting rights as men in

15 states.

The Nineteenth Amendment

Women joined the military during World War I.

Why do you think women wanted to join the military?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umctS43vVJI

The Nineteenth Amendment

In the early 1900s, women in a few other countries, such as Australia, were beginning to win the right to vote.

In 1878, Elizabeth Cady Staton wrote a suffragist amendment to the Constitution.

World War I in 1917

Women played an important role in the war.When men went to fight, women took over their jobs

at home.Nearly 11,300 women joined a special brach of the

U.S. Navy.They didn’t fight in battles, but they translated

documents, studied fingerprints, designed camouflage, and did other important tasks

World War I in 1917

Some served as nurses in hospitals in France.

About 300 women enlisted in the Marine Corps.

If women could serve their country during war, why couldn’t they vote?

People agreed with Carrie Chapman Catt that it was time “to finish the fight.”

The Nineteenth Amendment

In 1919, that’s exactly what happened. Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the

Constitution.

The law said:“The right of citizents to vote shall not be denied or abridged [Limited] by the United States or by any state on account of [the] sex [of a person.]”

The first states to do so were Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Other states followed. But by law, 36 states had to vote in favor of, the

amendment. Almost 75 years after the Seneca Falls Convention, now all American women

could vote.