SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH ... SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH : TOWARDS A GLOBAL APPROACH...
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SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH : TOWARDS A GLOBAL APPROACH HOSTED BY LERU & LEIDEN UNIVERSITY LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS, 20 & 21 NOVEMBER 2014
Transcript of SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH ... SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH : TOWARDS A GLOBAL APPROACH...
SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH : TOWARDS A GLOBAL APPROACH
HOSTED BY LERU & LEIDEN UNIVERSITY
LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS, 20 & 21 NOVEMBER 2014
SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH : TOWARDS A GLOBAL APPROACH LEIDEN UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS, 20-21 NOVEMBER 2014
Thursday 20 NOVEMBER 2014 Venue: Poortgebouw, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden
1.30 pm Registration & coffee
2.00 Welcome and opening remarks - Prof. Simone Buitendijk, Vice-Rector Magnificus, Leiden University - Prof. Kurt Deketelaere, Professor of Law, KU Leuven and Secretary-General of LERU - Prof. Wim van den Doel, Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University and Chairman of the LERU SSH-Community
2.30 Short presentation of the Networks and their SSH research Chair: Prof. Jennie Shaw, Executive Dean, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, The University of Adelaide (Australia)
4.00 Coffee/Tea break and photo session
4.30 Round table discussion on the funding of SSH research Chair: Prof. Atsushi Seike, President of Keio University (Japan) and of the RU11 network
6.00 End of meeting day 1
7.00 Reception Venue: Rijksmuseum voor Oudheden, Rapenburg 28, Leiden Welcome toast by Prof. Jane Falkingham, Dean of the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton (United Kingdom)
8.00 pm Dinner Venue: Restaurant Het Prentenkabinet, Kloksteeg 25, Leiden Dinner speaker: Prof. Hans-Jochen Schiewer, Rector, University of Freiburg (Germany)
SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES RESEARCH : TOWARDS A GLOBAL APPROACH LEIDEN UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS, 20-21 NOVEMBER 2014
FRIDAY 21 NOVEMBER 2014 Venue: Poortgebouw, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden
Academic Session “Social Sciences and Humanities Research from a Global Perspective”
1.00 pm Registration and coffee
1.30 Welcome and introduction by Prof. Alain Beretz, President of the University of Strasbourg and Chairman of LERU
1.45 SSH and the EU Research and Innovation policy, by Mr. Robert-Jan Smits, Director-General at the European Commission’s DG Research and Innovation
2.15 Reflections on SSH Research : past, present and future, by Prof. Helga Nowotny, former President of the European Research Council and Chair of the ERA Council Forum Austria
3.00 An international perspective on Social Sciences and Humanities, by Prof. Dirk Van Damme, Head of the Innovation and Measuring Progress Division (IMEP) at the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills
3.45 The Leiden statement on Characteristics of SSH research – signing ceremony in the presence of, and comments by: - Dr. Jet Bussemaker, Dutch minister for Education, Culture and Science - Mr. Axel Buyse, General Representative of the Government of Flanders in the Netherlands - Prof. Daniel Woolf, Principal of Queen’s University (Canada)
4.15 Closing remarks and farewell - Prof. Wim van den Doel, Chairman of the LERU SSH-Community - Prof. Kurt Deketelaere, Secretary-General LERU - Prof. Carel Stolker, Rector Magnificus, Leiden University
4.30 pm Reception
FRIDAY 21 NOVEMBER 2014 Venue: Poortgebouw, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden
9.00 am Round Table discussion on recent and future trends of SSH research Chair: Prof. Toshiya Ueki, Executive Vice President, Tohoku University (Japan)
10.15 Coffee/tea break
10.30 Presentation of the World Humanities Report by Prof. Arne Jarrick, Stockholm University and Dr. Dominic Scott, Emeritus Fellow of Clare College Cambridge.
Followed by Q&A and a discussion on future collaboration between the different networks to support SSH research globally Chair: Prof. Teresa Sullivan, President of the University of Virginia (USA)
12.00 pm Lunch
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Prof. Scott WaughProvost, University of California, Los AngelesUnited States
THE ASSOCIATION OF EAST ASIAN RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES (AEARU)
Prof. Liu ChunrongExecutive Vice Director, Fudan UniversityChina
Ms Sayaka KobayashiStaff member International Exchange Division, Tohoku UniversityJapan
Prof. James LeeChair Professor and Dean of Humanities and Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong
PARTICIPANTS LIST GLOBAL SSH MEETING LEIDEN
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES (AAU)
Prof. Michael BernsteinProvost, Tulane UniversityUnited States
Prof. Karen HansonProvost, University of MinnesotaUnited States
Prof. Theresa SullivanPresident, University of VirginiaUnited States
Dr. John VaughnSenior Fellow, AAUUnited States
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RU11, JAPAN
Prof. Toshiaki MakabeVice-President, Keio UniversityJapan
Prof. Atsushi SeikePresident, Keio UniversityJapan
Mr. Yoshinori SuzukiLiaison Officer, Keio University London OfficeJapan/United Kingdom [email protected]
Prof. Noriko TsuyaProfessor of Economics, Keio UniversityJapan
Prof. Lin ShangliVice President, Fudan UniversityChina
Prof. Toshiya UekiExecutive Vice President, Tohoku UniversityJapan
GROUP OF EIGHT (GO8), AUSTRALIA
Mr. Mike GallagherExecutive Director, Group of EightAustralia
Prof. Jennie ShawExecutive Dean of the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of AdelaideAustralia
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U15 CANADA
Ms Suzanne CorbeilExecutive Director, U15Canada
Prof. Martha CragoVice-President Research, Dalhousie UniversityCanada
Prof. Daniel WoolfPrincipal, Queen’s UniversityCanada
Prof. Shunya YoshimiVice-President Humanities, University of TokyoJapan
RUSSELL GROUP, UNITED KINGDOM
Dr. Tim BradshawHead of Policy – Research, Innovation and International, Russell GroupUnited Kingdom
Prof. Rick DelbridgeDean of Research, Innovation & Enterprise, Cardiff UniversityUnited Kingdom
Prof. Jane FalkinghamDean of the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of SouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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Prof. Wim van den DoelDean of the Faculty of Humanities, Leiden UniversityChairman of the LERU SSH-Community The Netherlands
Prof. Shearer WestHead of the Humanities Division, Oxford UniversityUnited Kingdom
LEAGUE OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES (LERU)
Prof. Anik de RibaupierreFormer Vice-Rector & former Dean of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Université de GenèveSwitzerland
Prof. Elisenda PaluzieDean of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitat de BarcelonaSpain
Prof. Marino ReginiFormer Vice-Rector, University of MilanItaly
Prof. Hans-Jochen SchiewerRector, University of FreiburgGermany
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LERU OFFICE
Prof. Kurt DeketelaereProfessor of Law, KU LeuvenSecretary-General of LERU Belgium
Ms Laura KeustermansPolicy Officer, LERU Office
Dr. Katrien MaesChief Policy Officer, LERU Office
Ms Alea López de San RománPolicy Officer, LERU Office
Mr. Bart ValkenaersPress and Communications Officer, LERU Office
Ms Veerle Van KerckhovePA Secretary-General & Administrative Coordinator, LERU Office
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Prof. Wim van den DoelDean of the Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University; Chairman of the LERU SSH-Community The Netherlands
SPEAKERS ACADEMIC SESSION ON FRIDAY 21 NOVEMBER 2014
Prof. Alain Beretz President, University of StrasbourgChairman of LERUFrance
Dr. Jet BussemakerDutch Minister for Education, Culture and Science
Mr. Axel BuyseGeneral Representative of the Flemish Government in the Netherlands
SPEAKERS THURSDAY 20 AND FRIDAY 21 NOVEMBER 2014
Prof. Simone BuitendijkVice-Rector Magnificus, Leiden UniversityThe Netherlands
Prof. Kurt DeketelaereProfessor of Law, KU LeuvenSecretary-General of LERU Belgium
Prof. Arne JarrickProfessor of History, Stockholm UniversitySweden
Dr. Dominic ScottEmeritus Fellow of Clare College CambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Prof. Carel StolkerRector Magnificus, Leiden UniversityThe Netherlands
Prof. Dirk Van DammeHead of the Innovation and Measuring Progress DivisionOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Prof. Wim van den DoelDean of the Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University; Chairman of the LERU SSH-Community The Netherlands
Prof. Daniel WoolfPrincipal, Queen’s UniversityCanada
Prof. Kurt DeketelaereProfessor of Law, KU LeuvenSecretary-General of LERU Belgium
Prof. Helga NowotnyFormer President, European Research CouncilChair of the ERA Council Forum Austria
Mr. Robert-Jan SmitsDirector-General, DG Research & Innovation, European Commission
21LEIDEN STATEMENT ON THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES IN THE GLOBAL RESEARCH LANDSCAPE
LEIDEN STATEMENTON THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES IN
THE GLOBAL RESEARCH LANDSCAPE
ANNOUNCED BYAAU, AEARU, LERU, GO8, RU11, RUSSELL GROUP AND U15 CANADA
Purpose
The social sciences and humanities are indispensable to understanding and addressing contem-porary global challenges and to grasping emerging opportunities. Every challenge the world fac-es has a human dimension, and no solution can be achieved without enlisting the support and efforts of individuals, communities and societies. The social sciences and humanities cultivate knowledge about human expression, behaviour, and social life that is essential to understanding the human context of these challenges and crafting viable solutions to them. Because of the centrality of these disciplines to these issues, as well as their intrinsic value, it is essential within the global research landscape to promote, nurture, and cultivate social science and humanistic research. The purpose of this statement is to restate and champion the fundamental role that the social sciences and humanities play in the new global community and call for an expanded role for the social sciences and humanities in tackling problems through interdisciplinary research.
In October 2013 four groups representing the research-intensive universities in their regions signed the Hefei Statement on the ten characteristics of contemporary research universities. Since then five similar groups representing the research-intensive universities of other regions have expressed their support by becoming signatories to the statement. Seven signatories to the Hefei Statement are signatories to this Leiden statement. They are: The League of European Research Universities (LERU), the Association of American Universities (AAU), the Association of East Asian Research Universities (AEARU), the Group of Eight Australia, the RU11 Japan, the Russell Group (UK), and the U15 Canada.
The purpose of the Hefei statement was to identify and affirm the importance of those general characteristics of research universities which enable them to play a unique role within modern societies and to draw attention to the need for a policy environment which protects, nurtures and cultivates the values, standards and behaviours that underlie these characteristics. The develop-ment of the statement took place in a global environment having an uncertain economic outlook and with tight financial controls in most countries. In this environment, policy makers were taking
an increasingly short-term view, seeking immediate and practical outcomes from their invest-ments in education, research and scholarship.
One consequence of this policy environment has been growing pressure to refocus areas of sci-ence, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) research onto more applied areas and to increase the purely vocational aspects of teaching in these disciplines. In the social sciences and humanities (SSH) disciplines, the debates in some cases have been more stark, questioning the need for government support, at least for some disciplines, in both education and research. However, investing in the SSH disciplines is essential if the global community is to develop the knowledge and expertise needed to address the fundamental problems facing the world, to make effective use of the opportunities presented by STEM research, and to develop as societies and individuals functioning effectively in an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world.
The signatories to this statement commit themselves to working collaboratively to: • ensure that the SSH disciplines continue to receive effective support within their institutions
and play an explicit role in forming institutional curriculums;• increase recognition of the importance of SSH disciplines within their countries and regions by
highlighting the contributions of these disciplines to national and global wellbeing;• ensure that the benefits of SSH research and education programmes flow without unneces-
sary constraint to the wider community in order to maximise the return on the investments in SSH research, scholarship and education made by governments, the business sector, donors, and students;
• promote strong funding and support of SSH research;• facilitate international cooperation in the SSH fields to foster a deeper, shared understanding of
the commonalities and differences that contribute to the world’s social and cultural realities; and• advance global research collaborations including interdisciplinary approaches to global soci-
etal challenges in partnership with the natural and life sciences and engineering.
Preamble
Although the humanities and social sciences have distinct methodologies and perspectives, to-gether, they help us understand what it means to be human in a complex world that is dynamic and multi-dimensional.1 By emphasizing philosophical and historical perspectives, critical thought and imaginative re-sponse, the humanities - including the study of languages, literature, history, law, philosophy, re-
1 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, The heart of the matter http://www.humanitiescommission.org/_pdf/hss_report.pdf
23LEIDEN STATEMENT ON THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES IN THE GLOBAL RESEARCH LANDSCAPE
ligion, and the arts – help individuals fulfil their potential, fostering creative thinking, providing a deep understanding of cultural diversity, and thereby updating and expanding the global store of knowledge about human expression, actions, and institutions. The social sciences - including anthropology, economics, sociology, psychology, education, hu-man geography, political science and government – reveal patterns in our lives as individuals, groups and society at large, and they address questions of critical importance in times of global change and conflict by employing a range of research methods, including observational, qualita-tive and quantitative methodologies and experimental methods. Social science research and humanities scholarship at research-intensive universities focuses on expanding knowledge, leading to new understandings that improve the quality of life of the nation’s citizens by promoting global understanding, invigorating national economies and edu-cating citizens.
Promoting Global UnderstandingThe humanities and social sciences teach us how to understand, interpret, and respect our com-monalities and our differences. Because increased interconnectedness brings increased cultural, social, and economic tensions, a peaceful and sustainable future based on successful economic and societal development requires an awareness of different perspectives and an understanding of diverse cultures, histories and social institutions. Mutual understanding can foster the respect nec-essary for a peaceful and stable world order in which economic and societal progress is possible. In this regard it is important to re-examine the relationship between the social sciences and hu-manities and country-specific studies or area studies. Area and regional studies constitute a pro-duction ground where new understandings about human society can be generated. They are also sources of interdisciplinary theory and method that can expand the boundaries of disciplines, again producing new knowledge and understanding.
Invigorating NationsInnovative societies are those with the ability to understand, absorb, and drive social, cultural and economic changes. The effective development and implementation of effective societal poli-cies requires concomitant progress in understanding the behaviour of the individuals and groups who create and face today’s opportunities and challenges. Research in the social sciences and humanities addresses issues that are essential to social stability, social progress and social un-derstanding while also promoting individual creativity and inspiration.
Educating CitizensHumanities and social science research promote the cultivation and dissemination of knowledge about civic institutions, citizen participation and the foundations of community. A sustainable future for the world depends in significant measure on a global citizenry educated in the human-ities and social sciences. Although the focus of this statement is social science and humanities
research, it is important to recognize the connection between research and vibrant educational curriculums for first-degree (undergraduate) students. Strong humanities and social sciences faculties, in addition to their own research agendas, contribute to the salience and effectiveness of the educational missions of the institutions of which they are a part. Indeed, in the context of a “general curriculum,” these disciplines play a crucial role in providing the educated citizenry that an increasingly interconnected world will need to draw on, as well as providing the foundational education of future social science and humanities researchers and scholars.
Tackling Global ChallengesThe world is changing rapidly and faces formidable challenges concerning individuals, societies, nations and regional groupings. Increasingly, these challenges are global and costly, and present political and other risks whose consequences could be very serious. To list just a few examples: the anxieties and unease resulting from the geopolitical situation in the Middle East, Eastern Eu-rope and parts of Africa; the continuing apprehensions around global economic fragility, financial austerity and how people are responding to these; the need to understand what generates jihad-ists in developed countries, or why religious extremism is becoming more evident around the world; coping with population aging and population decline; understanding and responding to the growth in prison populations; appreciating the drivers and consequences of growing inequal-ity at scales from local to the global; understanding and adapting to the declining or changing importance of the nation state; and responding to climate change. Developing the understanding necessary to solve or mitigate just some of these challenges would provide profound benefits to human wellbeing.Confronting these complex social issues will need to build on research and scholarship in the SSH disciplines and on the widespread dissemination of the resultant new knowledge through educa-tion. Research that contributes to better cross-cultural understanding, whether this be through history, comparative theology, law, comparative literature, philosophy, anthropology, criminology, the basis of human behaviour or decision making, is an imperative if we are to make the world a better, more tolerant and peaceful place. The concepts, theories and practices that flow from high quality research in SSH disciplines can create the tools and knowledge that will help manage the many significant risks that arise from the current political, social and economic environments. A fully effective implementation of technological responses to such global challenges or to newly recognised opportunities requires a profound understanding of human needs, values and moti-vations. The effective use of new technologies as diverse as genetic engineering, nuclear pow-er, stem cells and cyber monitoring systems all depend on community acceptance, community understanding, and the willingness of individuals to change their behaviours. These require an awareness of what, how and why people believe, behave and change – an awareness that only
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the SSH disciplines can produce. For instance, the initial responses to the 2014 Ebola outbreak were deficient because they did not take into accounts factors such as local knowledge, beliefs and cultural practices.
The Role of Research UniversitiesBecause the world today is more interconnected than ever before, the many challenges we face are by definition global. The world’s best comprehensive research universities have a vital role to play in addressing these global challenges by bringing together the largest number and high-est quality of social science and humanities (SSH) researchers, complementing the depth and breadth of the capabilities of these institutions across their natural science and engineering dis-ciplines. The collective university memberships of AAU, AEARU, LERU, Go8, RU11, Russell Group and U15 Canada embrace the full range of academic disciplines, making them ideal sites for de-veloping interdisciplinary research related to contemporary global issues and problems.
As the Humanities World Report has indicated, humanists are deeply committed to the social val-ue of their work, both its fundamental role in promoting the intellectual and moral development of the individual and the long-term importance that role has in building the capacity for addressing global challenges.2 By definition, social scientists are engaged in addressing questions of social relevance. While the benefits of advancing this knowledge are extensive, the path to exploiting this new knowledge is usually long, indirect, iterative and requires contributions from outside the university environment. However, research universities are increasingly under pressure to shift from basic to applied research in pursuit of short-term results at the expense of the longer term benefits of advancing the frontiers of knowledge. The increasing tendency of research funders in many countries to focus on short-term projects with narrow, practical objectives and easily ap-plicable research results is a dangerous trend; it threatens to constrict the broad pursuit of new knowledge and to foreclose extraordinary breakthroughs that could not initially be envisioned. It is critical that all relevant policies recognize the broad, pervasive and long-term benefits of university research and education and provide the support and environment that will ensure that these institutions continue to flourish, sustaining the foundational characteristics that make re-search universities an invaluable part of any national infrastructure.3
The following statement identifies actions by research universities, the networks of these institu-tions, and governments to assure the essential contributions of the social sciences and humani-ties to national and global wellbeing.
2 http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/humanities-world-report-2015-poul-holm/?isb=97811375002673 http://www.leru.org/files/news/Hefei_statement.pdf
Statement1. Commitment to Humanities and Social Sciences. Comprehensive research universities
commit themselves to the development within their institutions of strong programmes of research and education in the social sciences and humanities. These institutions will provide opportunities for students from other disciplines to benefit from exposure to social sciences and humanities. In particular, the universities will promote the benefits of SSH study and re-search in supporting generic skills such as: skilful communication, critical and independent thinking based on sound evidence and transparent analysis, the ability to recognise and move beyond a personal perspective, the ability to acknowledge and respect differing perspectives by developing an empathy with those holding them, an ability to accept ambiguity, and a rec-ognition that local conditions and cultures can be as important as universal laws, especially when the intent is to change rather than just describe the world. In a fast-changing world in which we will face many new national and global challenges, the role of social sciences and humanities research will be of vital importance in enabling the nations of the world and their citizens to think critically, be tolerant, and become more innovative and inclusive.
2. Interdisciplinary Research. In addition to helping us understand what it means to be human and to connecting individuals with the global community, the social sciences and humani-ties also foster practical applications that enhance the effectiveness of technical solutions. Research universities recognize the growing potential of interdisciplinary research to expand knowledge and understanding in ways not otherwise achievable. Most global challenges, such as those related to health, population aging and population decline, war and terrorism, cultural diversity, religious tolerance, environmental sustainability, climate change or the di-minishing supply of natural resources, are by their very nature complex, and tackling them re-quires drawing on insights, perspectives and methodologies from across the entire research base. Research universities can function as the optimal platform on which scholars from all disciplines can develop interdisciplinary research questions. Integrating social sciences and humanities with the natural sciences and engineering, including appropriate programmes of post-graduate education and training, can provide the broad interdisciplinary connections that bring to bear multiple perspectives, knowledge bases, and analytic techniques to tack-le major global challenges. For example, intercultural competencies, linked with expertise in the humanities and social sciences, enable health sciences investigators to analyse and understand health-care disparities (linked both with variations in health-care access and health-care practices and lifestyles), differing responses among ethnic groups to therapies and treatments, and differences in resilience in the face of trauma and hardship. Cultural expertise derived from the social sciences aids engineers in the development of devices and technologies that will be more rapidly deployed and adopted in particular communities. Hu-man factors research in engineering requires collaborations with social scientists and, to ad-dress linguistic issues, with humanists.
3. Academic Freedom. As is true for researchers and scholars in all disciplines, those in the social sciences and humanities must have the freedom to conduct investigator-initiated re-search without undue constraint. To maximise the benefits of research and innovation, na-tional and international funding agencies and organisations must give researchers the oppor-tunity to use their expertise to develop their research in ways they consider most appropriate and productive to advance knowledge in and beyond their disciplines.
4. Funding. Given the importance of the social sciences and humanities, the networks of the leading research universities urge governments and research funders to provide strong fund-ing for social sciences and humanities research and particularly to reverse the downward trend in the funding for these disciplines seen in some parts of the world. Most research done at research-intensive universities, including in the social sciences and humanities, is funda-mental or basic research, expanding the frontiers of knowledge through researcher-directed methodologies of discovery and analysis. The expansion of knowledge is, of course, impor-tant for its own sake, but the countless practical applications that arise from research in all disciplines often take a long and unpredictable path. Strong and stable research funding will enable both the short-term and long-term benefits of university research to be fully realized.
5. International Research Cooperation. The networks of the leading universities will promote international cooperation in education and research and explore the feasibility of creating more formal collaborative projects in social sciences and humanities research. International cooperation in education in the fields of social sciences and humanities will be developed also through the use of modern online learning technologies.4 International cooperation is es-sential if researchers in the social sciences and humanities are to address successfully global challenges and to understand social and cultural reality on the global scale. Global networks of research universities can play an important role in supporting international cooperation. European and North American universities have played a leading role in this cooperation. In recent years, Asian universities have also been developing their own networks in various fields of social sciences and humanities. However, networks of leading research universities have not been established in every region. The signatories to this statement will work with research universities, especially in Latin America and Africa, to establish cooperative relation-ships and assist them in building strong sectors of comprehensive research universities.
4 http://www.leru.org/files/publications/LERU_AP16__Online_Learning_at_RIUs_final.pdf
LEIDEN STATEMENT ON THE ROLE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES IN THE GLOBAL RESEARCH LANDSCAPE
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