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Social ScienceSocial Science 2 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.

TEXT Vicente Camacho Carmen Ríos

ENGLISH ADAPTATION Bilingual department, Santillana

MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle

PUBLISHER Sue Ashcroft

ILLUSTRATIONS Quino Marín Márquez José Manuel Córdoba

Landscapes 6

KNOW HOW TO

FINAL TASK

Describe a landscape.

mountain

hill

farm

bridge road

plainwood

motorway

river

Name and point to the features in the picture.

Name some natural features in this landscape.

Name some man-made features in this landscape.

SPEAKING. Describe a landscape you like. Are there mountains? Is there a river? Is it inland or by the sea?

6.1

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village

Landscapes change

1 Look at the big picture. Write the natural and man-made features in the correct place.

2 How has this landscape changed? Write 1, 2 and 3.

3 Look and match.

natural features

man-made features

Landscapes have many natural features. They also have many man-made features.

flat land

high land

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Inland landscapes

Inland landscapes are a long way from the sea. There are mountains and plains.

Mountain landscapes

Mountains are areas of high land. When many mountains are close together, they form a mountain range. In mountain landscapes you can see woods, valleys and plateaus. A plateau is a high, flat plain.

Villages in mountain areas are small. They have few inhabitants. The roads are narrow and winding, with tunnels.

1 Do you live near a mountain landscape or on a plain?

2 WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Name the natural and man-made features in each picture.

peak

slope

foot

Landscapes on plains

Landscapes on plains are flat. Sometimes there are low hills.

There are many villages and towns on plains. They are connected by roads and railway lines. There are farms and crops on the plains.

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3 Look and complete the sentences.

M”ountainfi a®æ a®eafi o‡ lan∂. M”an¥ mountainfi to@et™e® forµ å .

4 Look and match.

5 Draw these things on the mountain. Then write the names.

Draw a wood on the slope. Draw a house at the foot.

Draw a castle on the peak.

6.2

Inland landscapes are a long way from the sea. They include mountains and plains.

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6

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plateau

Flat land between mountains.

valley hill

A high, flat plain. A very small mountain.

The coast is land near the sea. There is low land with beaches of sand. Or, there is high land with rocky cliffs.

Coastal landscapes

1 WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Explain the difference between a beach and a cliff.

In coastal areas, there are capes and islands.

A cape is a piece of land that sticks out into the sea. An island is a piece of land completely surrounded by sea.

In coastal areas, there are many man-made features. You can see lighthouses, villages and cities. Many people live on the coast. In summer, many people go on holiday to the coast.

beach cliff

cape island

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2 What is the coastal landscape like? Tick (✓) the true sentences.

Coastal natural features are the same as inland natural features.

The coast is always flat and sandy.

All islands are completely surrounded by water.

A cliff is a high rocky piece of land next to the sea.

More people live on the coast than in the mountains.

3 Look and match.

cliff

cape

lighthouse

port

4 Write the words for the places on the coast.

Its light helps boats to be safe at night.

This is where boats come and go with merchandise.

6.3

On the coast, we can find beaches, cliffs, ports, villages and cities.

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6

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Rivers in different landscapes

A river is a moving body of fresh water. The route a river takes is called the course. Rivers flow through many different landscapes.

1 WORK WITH THE PICTURE. Imagine you take a boat from the source of this river to its mouth. What can you see? Is the land high or low? Is the river wide or narrow, fast or slow?

Rivers in the mountains

All rivers begin in the mountains at the source. They flow down through valleys. Here, rivers are narrow. They carry little water. They flow fast.

Rivers on the plains

Rivers are wider here. They carry a lot of water. They get water from tributaries, small rivers that flow into larger rivers. The course is full of bends, called meanders.

Rivers on the coast

The end of a river is called the mouth. Here, rivers meet the sea. Rivers flow slowly at the mouth.

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2 Complete the sentences.

R”i√±rfi begi> i> t™æ mountainfi a† t™æ . T™e¥ flo∑ acrosfi t™æ an∂ t™e¥ en∂ a† t™æ .

3 What are rivers like in different parts of their course? Write.

4 What is a tributary? Tick (✓) the correct sentence. Mark it (✗) on the picture.

A river that meets the coast and flows into the sea.

A river that flows into another river.

Rivers start in the mountains and end in the sea. The route a river takes is called the course.

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6

Here, rivers are .

They carry water.

They flow .

narro‰In the mountains

Here, rivers are .

They carry water.

They are full of .

On the plains

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Know how to

Describe a landscape

1 Stick or draw a picture of a landscape with a river.

2 what type of landscape is it? tick (✓).

mountains plains coast

3 what features can you see in your landscape?

natural features

man-made features

4 what is your river like? write.

5 write two sentences about your landscape.

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Revision

1 SUMMARY. Complete the chart about landscapes.

6.4

6

2 What are rivers like in these landscapes? Complete.

I> t™æ mountainfi, ri√±rfi a®æ .

O> t™æ plainfi, ri√±rfi a®æ .

O> t™æ coas†, ri√±rfi a®æ .

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Landscapes

Coastal landscapes

Inland landscapes

Activities

show youR skills

3 Choose one of these activities:

A. Make a plasticine model of a landscape. Include natural features and man-made features.

B. InveStIgAte. Find out about a river near you. Where is the source? Where is the mouth?

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TERM REVISION

1 What are the different states of water? Write.

2 Tick (✓) the drinking water.

3 What is the weather like today where you live?

4 What do these instruments measure? Match.

It measures rainwater.

It measures the temperature.

It indicates the wind direction.

It measures the wind speed.

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TERM 2

5 Look and match.

6 What can you see in this landscape? Colour the correct words.

cliffs

beach

hills

plains

river

plateau

mountains

cape

Is it a mountain landscape or a coastal landscape?

7 What are rivers like? Think and write.

in the mountains

on the plains

on the coast

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