Social Psychology zTime-interval Exercise (p.9 IM) yexample of Social Influence.
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Transcript of Social Psychology zTime-interval Exercise (p.9 IM) yexample of Social Influence.
Social Psychology
Time-interval Exercise (p.9 IM)
example of Social Influence
Social Psychology
How individualsThink about… one anotherInfluence… one anotherRelate to… one another
Social Thinking
How do you make sense of people’s behavior? We make attributions… (explaining others’
behavior) We use our “social intelligence”, but we often make
an error….Fundamental Attribution Error
tendency when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal traits
Examples? (e.g., “it was a just a few bad apples responsible for the Abu Ghraib abuses”)
Attitudes and Behavior
Cognitive Dissonance Theory we act to reduce the discomfort
(dissonance) we feel when our thoughts are inconsistent (or when our thoughts and behavior are inconsistent).Smoking example (“Smoking is unhealthy,
but I smoke”) rationalization (e.g., “sour grapes”)
Social Thinking and Social Influence
Stanford Prison Study by Zimbardo – role-playing, attitudes and behavior (McGraw-Hill DVD)
Situational and systemic factors must be taken into accountNorms and roles
• Learned, socially based rules• Culturally-based
Social Influence
Studies of conformity and obedience
Videos Candid Camera (begin w/ Segment 5)
Why do people behave in these ways?
Research Studies (McGraw-Hill DVD: next slide)
Social Influence Studies:
Asch – conformity experiments Milgram – obedience to authority
“Most people do what they are told to do as long as they perceive that the command comes from a legitimate authority.”
Results: The majority of subjects continued to obey to the end – “Danger-Severe-XXX”
Social InfluenceQuestion: In what specific ways does the
presence of others influence your behavior? Example: Do people in a group exert less
effort compared to when they are individually accountable (e.g., work crews)?
Called Social Loafing
Social Facilitation improved performance of tasks in the
presence of others – when? examples?
Social Influence
Deindividuation loss of self-
awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Social Relations
Stereotypes and Prejudice How do these develop? Can they be altered?
(A class divided: blue-eye, brown-eye film)
Social Relations- Attractiveness
Social Relations- Attractiveness
Why do you judge someone as attractive?Blind Date (DVD Segment 30) – Social Cognition and
Person Perception
Factors influencing attraction? Proximity
mere exposure effect – repeated exposure increases liking of them
Similarityfriends share common attitudes, beliefs, interests
Physical AttractivenessWhat makes someone physically “attractive?”
What is attractive?
What is attractive?
Social Relations -- aggressionSocial views of aggression
Modeling: bobo dolls, violent media (desensitization?)
Frustration-Aggression Principle Media and Aggression
Television violencePornographyVideo games
Bystander Studies What would you do? (ABC Primetime video)Kitty GenoveseThe decision-making process for bystander intervention:
Noticesincident?
Interpretsincident as
emergency?
Assumesresponsibility?
Attemptsto help
Nohelp
Nohelp
Nohelp
Yes YesYes
No No No
Bystander Effect
tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Percentageattempting
to help
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Number of otherspresumed available to help
1 2 3 4