PSY415M

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Presented by:

Monica Renee G. Policarpio

MSPSYCP

June 21, 2012

WHAT IS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY?

HOW DOES IT DIFFER WITH SOCIOLOGY?

The scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, behavior and feelings are influenced by real, imagined, or implied presence of others is called Social Psychology

While Sociology, on the other hand is the study and classification of human societies

THREE MAIN AREAS

SOCIAL COGNITION

SOCIAL INTERACTION

SOCIAL INFLUENCE

SOCIAL COGNITION

How we perceive our social worlds and how we attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the social world

SOCIAL COGNITION

Attitude

Impression Formation

Attribution

ATTITUDE A tendency to respond positively or

negatively toward a certain idea, person, object, or situation

idea/ person/ object/

situation

Your perception Response

THREE COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE

Affect

• Distrustful to politicians

Behavior

• Does not practice voting

Cognition

• Politicians are all the same

ATTITUDE FORMATION

ExperiencesMom and Teacher

Friends Observation

Attitude

ATTITUDE FORMATION

Direct Contact

Direct Instruction

Interaction with others

Vicarious Conditioning

Attitude

ATTITUDE CHANGE

Persuasion is the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading or explanation

FACTORS OF PERSUASION

SOURCE

MESSAGE

TARGET AUDIENCE

COGNITIVE AND DISSONANCE

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE

Boring task

“Did you enjoy the task?”

$1

$20 “No”

“Yes”

Received

HOW DO WE REDUCE THE DISCOMFORT?

1) Change the conflicting behavior

2) Change the conflicting cognition

3) Form new cognition

WHY???

IMPRESSION FORMATION

PRIMACY EFFECT

persistent impression made toward a person even though they may later have a contradicting information regarding their original impression

STEREOTYPES

A belief or set of beliefs about people in a particular social category

ATTRIBUTION

The process of explaining one’s own and others’ behavior

ATTRIBUTION THEORY Developed by Fritz Heider

Situational / External Dispositional / Internal

ATTRIBUTION BIASES

Fundamental Attribution Error Overestimation of internal characteristics and

underestimation of the influence of situation

Self-serving bias = situational attribution

Belief in a Just World = dispositional attribution

SOCIAL INFLUENCE The process through which the real or

implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual

SOCIAL INFLUENCE

CONFORMITY

COMPLIANCE

OBEDIENCE

GROUP BEHAVIOR

CONFORMITY Is changing one’s own behavior to

match that of other people

1 2 3Find the matching line

Asch’s Experiment

COMPLIANCE Changing one’s behavior as a result of other

people directing or asking for a change

4 TECHNIQUES TO GAIN COMPLIANCE

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Door-in-the-Face Technique

Lowball Technique

That’s-not-all-Technique

OBEDIENCE Changing of one’s own behavior at the

direct order from an authority figure

GROUP BEHAVIOR GROUPTHINK is the kind of thinking that

occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which group is concerned

GROUP POLARIZATION Tendency for members involved in a group

discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions than the initial inclination of other members

Group tends to intensify opinions

SOCIAL FACILITATION The positive influence of others on performance Increased arousal in presence of others resulting

to increased performance

SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT The negative influence of others on

performance Increased arousal in presence of others

resulting to decreased performance

SOCIAL LOAFING ‘loafers’ tend not to do well as well when other

people are working on the same task, but can do quite well when working on their own

SOCIAL INTERACTION

Positive and negative aspects of people relating to others

SOCIAL INTERCTION

PREJUDICE Negative attitude held by a person about the

members of a particular social group In-groups and out-groups “us” vs. “them”

DISCRIMINATION Treating people differently because of prejudice

toward the social group to which they belong

REALISTIC CONFLICT THEORY

Increasing prejudice and discrimination between the in-group and the out-group when those groups in conflict over a limited resource, such as land and available jobs

Example: “Illustrado” vs. “Indio”

THE SOCIAL SELF

SOCIAL COGNITION

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

Referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world

SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY A theory in which the formation of a person’s

identity within a particular social group is explained by

SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION

SOCIAL IDENTITY

SOCIAL COMPARISON

SOCIAL INTERACTION

Aggression

• When one has the intention to hurt or destroy another person whether verbally or physically

Altruism

• Helping someone without expectation of reward and often without fear of own’s safety

Attraction

• To have a desire for a relationship with someone

AGGRESSION

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

As a Human instinct

As a biological phenomenon (amygdala and testosterone) / learned behavior

Alcohol-influenced aggression?

ALTRUISM

Bystander Effect Refers to finding the likelihood of a bystander

to help someone in trouble decreases as the number of bystander increases.

Diffusion of Responsibility When a person fails to take responsibility for

either action or inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility

ATTRACTION: LIKING AND LOVING

RULES OF ATTRACTION

Proximity

Similarity

Physical Attraction

RECIPROCITY OF LIKING

Tendency to like people who like them

Complementary qualities

STERNBERG’S LOVE THEORY

LIKINGINTIMACY

INFATUATION

PASSION

CONSUMATE LOVE

EMPTYCOMMITMEN

T

FATUOUS

ROMANTIC COMPANIONATE

THANK YOU! ;)