Social Psychology Lecture 3
24
Social Beliefs and Judgments Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Asso. Prof. Dr Mohd Dahlan Hj. Ab. Malek Social Beliefs and Judgments
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Transcript of Social Psychology Lecture 3
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Asso. Prof. Dr Mohd Dahlan Hj. Ab. Malek
Social Beliefs and Judgments
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Perceiving Our Social Worlds-Princess Diana/Dodi Fayed
-Eric Harris & Dylan slaughtered 13 of their classmates
• Priming/Leading (a process) activating particular associations in memory
• Perceiving and Interpreting Events
• Belief Perseverance/determination a concept
• Constructing Memories of Ourselves and Our Worlds– Misinformation
effect– Reconstructing our
past attitudes– Reconstructing our
past behavior
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Perception of Media Bias
Social Beliefs and Judgm
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Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Judging Our Social World
• Intuitive (spontaneous) Judgments– Powers of intuition (perception/sixth sense)– Limits of intuition (perception/sixth sense)
• Overconfidence– Overconfidence phenomenon– Confirmation bias– Remedies (therapy)
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Judging Our Social World• Heuristics: Mental Shortcuts• Heuristic-(A thinking strategy that enable
quick, efficient judgments)– Representativeness heuristic (the tendency to
presume)– The availability heuristic– Counterfactual thinking– Counterfactual thinking is a term of psychology
that describes the tendency people have to imagine alternatives to reality
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Judging Our Social World
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Judging Others
• Illusory thinking– Illusory correlation– Illusion of control
• Moods and judgment
Social Beliefs and Judgm
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News
• UTHM• Various types of news• People/community -judgement
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Moods and Judgment
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Moods and Judgment
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Explaining Our Social World
• Attributing Causality: To the Person or the Situation– MisattributionMisattribution of arousal is a term in
psychology which describes the process whereby people make a mistake in assuming what is causing them to feel aroused/stimulated
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
– Attribution Theory• Dispositional vs. situational attributions
– Inferring traits– Commonsense attributions
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Attribution Theories
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Fundamental Attribution Error
• Why do we make this error?– Perspective and self-
awareness– Cultural differences
• Why we study attribution errors
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Attributions and Reactions
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Expectations of Our Social World
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy/prediction
• Teacher Expectations and Student Performance
• Getting from Others What We Expect– Behavioral
confirmation
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Supplemental Slides
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Attribution Theories
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Attribution Theories
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Self-Fulfilling Beliefs
Social Beliefs and Judgm
ents
Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Expectations and Attributions
