Social Perceptions

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1 Social Perceptions Inter-Act, 13 th Edition Chapter 2

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Inter-Act , 13 th Edition Chapter 2. Social Perceptions. Social Perception. Also known as “ cognitive perception, ” it is the set of processes by which people perceive themselves and others. Chapter 2 Objectives. Describe the perceptual process - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Social Perceptions

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Social Perceptions

Inter-Act, 13th EditionChapter 2

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Social Perception

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Also known as “cognitive perception,” it is the set of

processes by which people perceive themselves and others.

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Chapter 2 ObjectivesDescribe the perceptual processExplain how we form perceptions of others

and why we sometimes misperceive othersDiscuss how self-perceptions, self-concept,

and self-esteem are formed and how we can make improvements

Identify the human factors that influence our attitudes toward social media

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The Perception Process

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The process of selectively attending to, organizing, and interpreting the information that we receive through

our sensesAttention & Selection

Organization

Interpretation

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Attention and SelectionSelection is determined by: 1. Our needs2. Our interests3. Our expectations

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OrganizationSimplicity: the brain reduces complex

stimuli into recognized formsPattern recognition: the brain organizes

information into recognizable patterns or systems of interrelated parts

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Interpretation

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The process of assigning meaning to the information that has been selected and

organized

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Dual Processing in Perception

Automatic processing◦Fast, subconscious ◦Heuristics: rules of thumb for how

something is to be viewed based on experience

Conscious processing◦Slow, deliberative approach ◦We examine and think about the stimuli

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Perceiving Others

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Uncertainty reduction theory: ways individuals monitor their social environments to know more about themselves and others

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Impression Formation

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Physical appearance: predictions based on appearanceImplicit personality theory: inaccurate perceptions based on the association of physical or other characteristics with personality traitsAssumed similarity: thinking that others who share one characteristic with you also share others

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Making Attributions

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Attributions: reasons we give for our own and others’ behavior Situational attribution: attributing behavior to an external situation, outside of a person’s controlDispositional attribution: attributing behavior to someone’s internal disposition or personality

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Person-Perception Biases – selective perception, stereotyping, halo effects, forced consistency, projection, and fundamental attribution error

Person-Perception Biases

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Biases Include:Selective Perception – inaccurately paying

attention only to what we expect to see or hear and ignoring what we don’t expect

Stereotyping – ◦ Prejudice: stereotyping based on the

characteristics of a person’s group◦ Discrimination: acting differently toward a

person based on prejudice◦ Racism, Ethnocentrism, Heterosexism, Sexism,

Ageism, Able-ism: belief that the behaviors or characteristics of one group are inherently superior to those of another

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Halo effects – thinking a person has a whole set of related personality traits when only one trait has actually been observed

Forced consistency – interpreting conflicting different perceptions of another person so our interpretation of what we see remains consistent

Projection – thinking that someone who is like us in one respect will share other characteristics and attitudes

Fundamental attribution error – ascribing others’ negative behavior to their dispositions while ascribing our negative behavior to the situation

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Improving Social PerceptionsQuestion the accuracy of perceptions.Seek more information.Use conscious processing. Realize that perceptions change.Use perception checking.

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Self-concept – your perception of your competencies and personality traits

Self-esteem – your evaluation of your perceived competence and personal worthiness

Self-Perception

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Cultural & Self-Perception

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Independent self-perception: viewing traits, abilities, and personality as internal and universally applicable Interdependent self-perception: viewing traits, abilities, and personality as dependent upon the situation

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Positive Self-Esteem

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Perception of having a characteristic +

Personal belief that the characteristic is of positive value =

Positive self-esteem

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Accuracy of Self-Concept and Self-Esteem

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• Incongruence: gap between self-perception and reality

• Self-fulfilling prophecies: events that happen as the result of being foretold, expected, or talked about

• Filtering messages: paying attention only to messages that reinforce our current self-concept

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Self-Perception and Communication

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Our self-perception affects our communication by influencing:

How we talk to/about ourselvesHow we talk to/about others.

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Social Media: The Human Factor

Self-disclosureSocial connectionConvenience

◦ an opportunity and a challengeApprehensionMiscommunication

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Self-Perception Online

Online communication attitudes influence how much you communicate through social media.

Extra Credit:Go to your Facebook

pageReflect on the

information posted to your profile

Assess your digital self-disclosure and social connection

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Homework:List 10 words to describe yourself. Use a

variety of descriptors: roles, skills, physical attributes, personality characteristics, etc. Have a family member, close friend, and acquaintance each list 10 words to describe you. Analyze the differences/similarities.

Then describe the 5 most significant situations, events, or experiences that have shaped your current self-concept. Explain.

Review your Assignment Rubric!

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