Social Issues and Environment

Dr. Girish K. GoswamiAIB,AUR, Jaipur

From Sustainable to Unsustainable development

The development without thinking about the ill-affects on the biotic and abiotic factors leads to unsustainability

E.g. Overuse of coal and oil may lead to total loss of fossil fuels

Unless we find alternatives for the same, the future generation will have to survive without energy resources

Sustainable Development

““The sustainable development is a The sustainable development is a process of betterment of life, in all process of betterment of life, in all sectors of society i.e. social, sectors of society i.e. social, economic, educational, health, economic, educational, health, national security, food and national security, food and education”education”

Need for Sustainable Development

Almost all environmental problems are the Almost all environmental problems are the results of results of unsustainable developmentunsustainable development

Overuse of natural resources leads to Overuse of natural resources leads to pollution, , cutting of trees has created cutting of trees has created global warming

Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest have Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest have failed to control environmental lossesfailed to control environmental losses

Only way is to Only way is to accept the concept of sustainable development by making people by making people aware about the needs and methods to control aware about the needs and methods to control their demands and control over the overuse of their demands and control over the overuse of resourcesresources

Urban problems related to Energy

Conservation of energy resources:Conservation of energy resources:• Causes of shortage of energy in IndiaCauses of shortage of energy in India• Effects of shortage of energy in IndiaEffects of shortage of energy in India• Methods of conservation of energyMethods of conservation of energy

Water Resources

Classification of water resources::

1.1. Surface waterSurface water

2.2. Water in the solid formWater in the solid form

3.3. Water in the atmosphereWater in the atmosphere

4.4. Underground waterUnderground water

Water utility

Consumptive use of water mainly for Consumptive use of water mainly for irrigationirrigation

Non-consumptive use of water for Non-consumptive use of water for power generation i.e. Hydel powerpower generation i.e. Hydel power

Partially consumptive use for the Partially consumptive use for the public use and for industrial and public use and for industrial and thermal plantsthermal plants

Uses of waterUses of water

1.1. Domestic useDomestic use

2.2. Manufacturing process and power Manufacturing process and power generation generation

3.3. Other usesOther uses

Quality of waterQuality of water A. Physical parametersA. Physical parameters1.1. ColorColor2.2. Taste and odorTaste and odor3.3. TemperatureTemperature4.4. TurbidityTurbidity B. Chemical parametersB. Chemical parameters1.1. Total Dissolved solids (TDS)Total Dissolved solids (TDS)2.2. pHpH3.3. HardnessHardness C. Biological parametersC. Biological parameters

Means to rehabilitate the affected Means to rehabilitate the affected peoplepeople

Alternate land should be givenAlternate land should be given Enough compensation must be givenEnough compensation must be given Job for at least one person in the familyJob for at least one person in the family Infrastructure must be developedInfrastructure must be developed Arrangements before the launching of Arrangements before the launching of

the actual projectthe actual project It should be realized that the It should be realized that the

psychological and cultural loss is never psychological and cultural loss is never compensatedcompensated

Ethics and moral valuesEthics and moral values

Ethics is the set of beliefs about right Ethics is the set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior e.g. cheatingand wrong behavior e.g. cheating

Environmental EthicsEnvironmental Ethics: It deals with : It deals with issues related to the rights of the issues related to the rights of the individuals which are fundamental to individuals which are fundamental to life and its well beinglife and its well being

Basic human values

Equality Co-operation Tolerance Truth Justice Excellence

Acid rainsAcid rains

Main effects are due to Main effects are due to Nitric AcidNitric Acid and and Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid

Effects:Effects:1.1. Damages the vegetationDamages the vegetation2.2. Surface and ground water gets affectedSurface and ground water gets affected3.3. Soil pH reduces to 3, affects fertilitySoil pH reduces to 3, affects fertility4.4. Skin irritationSkin irritation5.5. Land and water ecosystem get affectedLand and water ecosystem get affected

Measures to control Acid RainMeasures to control Acid Rain

Reduce emissions at the source itselfReduce emissions at the source itself Use low sulphur coalUse low sulphur coal Replace coal by natural gasReplace coal by natural gas

Depletion of Ozone layerDepletion of Ozone layer

Main cause is Main cause is ChlorineChlorine Effects:Effects:

1.1. Damages the plantsDamages the plants

2.2. Causes cancerCauses cancer

3.3. Causes destruction of lifeCauses destruction of life

4.4. Affects the natural environmentAffects the natural environment

Measures to control depletion of Measures to control depletion of OO33

Minimize the use of Fe and halogensMinimize the use of Fe and halogens Use CFC free chemicalsUse CFC free chemicals Reduced use of AC’ s and Reduced use of AC’ s and

refrigeratorsrefrigerators

Global warming and Green Global warming and Green house effecthouse effect

GHG’ s are:GHG’ s are:

1.1. CFCCFC

2.2. CHCH44

3.3. NN22OO

4.4. COCO22

5.5. COCO

Measures to control global Measures to control global warmingwarming

Check the overuse of carbon dioxideCheck the overuse of carbon dioxide Use alternative sources of energyUse alternative sources of energy Cut down the transmission losses of Cut down the transmission losses of

electricityelectricity Use public transportUse public transport Clean Development Mechanisms in Clean Development Mechanisms in

industriesindustries Greenbelt around industriesGreenbelt around industries

EPA 1986EPA 1986

Objectives:Objectives:

1.1. Protection and improvement of the Protection and improvement of the environment i.e. air, water, soilenvironment i.e. air, water, soil

2.2. Prevention of hazards to all living Prevention of hazards to all living beings i.e. plants, animals and beings i.e. plants, animals and human beingshuman beings

3.3. Maintenance of the relationship Maintenance of the relationship between the human beings and the between the human beings and the natural environmentnatural environment

Penalties for Violation of Act Penalties for Violation of Act 19861986

Imprisonment for a term which may Imprisonment for a term which may extend up to five yearsextend up to five years

OrOr Fine which may extend up to Rs. 1 Fine which may extend up to Rs. 1

lakhlakh

OrOr Both of the aboveBoth of the above

Air: Prevention and Control of Air: Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981Pollution Act 1981

Aims and Aims and objectives:objectives:

1.1. Prevention, control Prevention, control of air pollutionof air pollution

2.2. Maintaining the Maintaining the quality of airquality of air

3.3. Establishing of the Establishing of the Boards to prevent Boards to prevent and to control the and to control the air pollutionair pollution

Water: Prevention and control of Water: Prevention and control of pollution act: 1974pollution act: 1974

Aims and objectives:Aims and objectives:

1.1. Prevention and control Prevention and control of water pollutionof water pollution

2.2. Maintaining and Maintaining and restoring the restoring the wholesomeness of wholesomeness of waterwater

3.3. Establishment of Establishment of Boards of prevention Boards of prevention and control of water and control of water pollutionpollution

Penalties for violation of the act:Penalties for violation of the act:

Penalty is imprisonment for a period Penalty is imprisonment for a period of three months or a fine up to Rs. of three months or a fine up to Rs. 10,000 or both10,000 or both

Wildlife Protection Act 1972Wildlife Protection Act 1972 Aims and objectives:Aims and objectives:

1.1. Maintenance of the Maintenance of the essential ecological essential ecological processes and life-processes and life-supporting systemssupporting systems

2.2. Preservation of the Preservation of the biodiversitybiodiversity

3.3. Protection and Protection and conservation of wild-conservation of wild-lifelife

Penalties for violationPenalties for violation

Imprisonment for three years or fine Imprisonment for three years or fine upto Rs. 23,000 or bothupto Rs. 23,000 or both

License may get cancelledLicense may get cancelled

Forest Conservation Act,1980Forest Conservation Act,1980

Aims and objectives:Aims and objectives:

To protect and conserve To protect and conserve the forestthe forest

Penalties for violationPenalties for violation

Imprisonment for six months or more Imprisonment for six months or more or a fine of Rs. 500 or bothor a fine of Rs. 500 or both

For killing elephants imprisonment For killing elephants imprisonment upto six months or fine upto Rs. 5000 upto six months or fine upto Rs. 5000 or bothor both

Causes of lack of environmental awareness

Illiteracy and attitude Lack of participation Lack of information Partial information secrecy

Thank you!Thank you!