Social Impact Assessment June 2020

GEELSTERT 2, NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE

Social Impact Assessment

June 2020

Social Impact Assessment June 2020

Geelstert 2,Northern Cape Province

Prepared for:

Geelstert Solar Facility 2 (Pty) Ltd

Geelstert 2,Northern Cape Province June 2020

Report Details Page i

REPORT DETAILS

Title : Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Report for the Geelstert 2 Solar PV Facility,

Northern Cape Province

Authors : Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd

Lisa Opperman

External Peer Review : Dr Neville Bews

Client : Geelstert Solar Facility 2 (Pty) Ltd

Report Revision : Revision 0

Date : June 2020

When used as a reference this report should be cited as: Savannah Environmental (2020) Social Impact

Assessment (SIA) Report for the Geelstert 2 Solar PV Facility, Northern Cape Province

COPYRIGHT RESERVED

This technical report has been produced for Geelstert Solar Facility 2 (Pty) Ltd. The intellectual property contained in

this report remains vested in Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd. No part of the report may be reproduced in any

manner without written permission from Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd or Geelstert Solar Facility 2 (Pty) Ltd .


Specialist Declaration of Interest Page ii

SPECIALIST DECLARATION OF INTEREST

I, Lisa Opperman , declare that –

» I act as the independent specialist in this application.

» I will perform the work relating to the application in an objective manner, even if this results in views and

findings that are not favourable to the applicant.

» I declare that there are no circumstances that may compromise my objectivity in performing such work.

» I have expertise in conducting the specialist report relevant to this application, including knowledge of

the Act, Regulations and any guidelines that have relevance to the proposed activity.

» I will comply with the Act, Regulations and all other applicable legislation.

» I have no, and will not engage in, conflicting interests in the undertaking of the activity.

» I undertake to disclose to the applicant and the competent authority all material information in my

possession that reasonably has or may have the potential of influencing – any decision to be taken with

respect to the application by the competent authority, and – the objectivity of any report, plan or

document to be prepared by myself for submission to the competent authority.

» All the particulars furnished by me in this form are true and correct.

» I realise that a false declaration is an offence in terms of Regulation 48 and is punishable in terms of

section 24F of the Act.

Lisa Opperman

Name Signature

June 2020

Date


Table of Contents Page iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

REPORT DETAILS...............................................................................................................................................................I

SPECIALIST DECLARATION OF INTEREST .......................................................................................................................II

TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................................................................III

ACRONYMS.................................................................................................................................................................. IV

1. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................1

1.1 Project Description........................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Details of the Independent Specialist.........................................................................................................2

1.3 Structure of the SIA Report ...........................................................................................................................4

2. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH........................................................................................................................5

2.1 Purpose of the Study .....................................................................................................................................5

2.2 Approach to the Study .................................................................................................................................5

2.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis.............................................................................................6

2.2.2 Collection and Review of Existing Information and Data...............................................................10

2.3 Impact Assessment Evaluation Method ...................................................................................................10

2.4 Limitations and Assumptions......................................................................................................................11

3. LEGISLATION AND POLICY REVIEW .....................................................................................................................13

3.1 National Policy and Planning Context......................................................................................................13

3.2 Provincial Policies........................................................................................................................................17

3.3 District and Local Municipalities Policies .................................................................................................18

3.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................18

4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE ...............................................................................................................................19

4.1 Northern Cape Province ............................................................................................................................19

4.2 Namakwa DM..............................................................................................................................................21

4.3 Khâi-Ma LM..................................................................................................................................................21

4.4 Study Area and Development Area .........................................................................................................22

4.5 Baseline Description of the Social Environment ......................................................................................23

5. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT..............................................................................................................................25

5.1 Consideration of project specific alternatives ........................................................................................26

5.2 Social Impacts during the Construction Phase .......................................................................................26

5.3 Social impacts during the Operation Phase ............................................................................................34

5.4 Cumulative Impacts ...................................................................................................................................38

5.4.1 Cumulative Impacts associated with Geelstert 2 ...................................................................................41

5.4 Decommissioning Phase ............................................................................................................................43

5.5 Assessment of Impacts for the No-Go Option: ........................................................................................43

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................................45

6.1 Key findings and Recommendations .......................................................................................................46

6.2 Overall Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................46

REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................................................48

APPENDICES:

Appendix A: Environmental Management Programme (EMPr)

Appendix B: External Reviewer Letter


Acronyms Page iv

ACRONYMS

B-BBEE Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment

BA Basic Assessment

CLO Community Liaison Officer

DEA Department of Environmental Affairs

DEFF Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (National)

DENC Department of Environment and Nature Conservation (Northern Cape Provincial)

DMRE Department of Mineral Resources and Energy

DM District Municipality

EA Environmental Authorisation

EAP Economically Active Population

ECA Environment Conservation Act (No. 73 of 1989)

ECO Environmental Control Officer

EHS Environmental, Health and Safety

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMPr Environmental Management Programme

EP Equator Principles

EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GDP-R Gross Domestic Product per Region

GGP Gross Geographic Product

GHG Greenhous Gas

GNP Gross National Product

GNR Government Notice

HDI Historically Disadvantaged Individuals

I&AP Interested and Affected Party

IDC Industrial Development Corporation

IDP Integrated Development Plan

IEP Integrated Energy Plan

IFC International Finance Corporation

IPP Independent Power Producer

IRP Integrated Resource Plan

km Kilometre

kV Kilovolt

LED Local Economic Development

LM Local Municipality

MTS Main Transmission Substation

MW Megawatt

NEMA National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998)

NDP National Development Plan

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PGDS Provincial Growth and Development Strategy

PICC Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Committee

PSDF Provincial Spatial Development Framework


Acronyms Page v

PV Photovoltaic

RBS Revised Balanced Scenario

RE Renewable Energy

REDZ Renewable Energy Development Zone

REIPPP Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme

SDF Spatial Development Framework

SIA Social Impact Assessment

SIP Strategic Infrastructure Project

SKA Square Kilometre Array

SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

UN United Nations

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation


SIA Report Page 1

1. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Geelstert Solar Facility 2 (Pty) Ltd, proposes the development of Geelstert 2, a photovoltaic (PV) solar energy

facility, as well as, associated infrastructure on a site located approximately 13km south-east of the town of

Aggeneys in the Northern Cape Province (refer to Figure 1.1). The site and proposed infrastructure for the

development falls within the Khâi-Ma Local Municipality as well as the greater Namakwa District Municipality.

The development of Geelstert 2 requires Environmental Authorisation (EA) from the national Department of

Environment, Forestry and Fisheries (DEFF), in accordance with the National Environmental Management

Act (No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA), and the 2014 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations (GNR 326),

as amended, subject to the completion of a Basic Assessment (BA)1 process.

Lisa Opperman of Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd has been appointed as the independent social

consultant responsible for undertaking a Social Impact Assessment (SIA) as part of the BA process being

conducted for the project.

1.1 Project Description

A potential development area (located within the study area and affected property, Remaining Extent of

the Farm Bloemhoek 61) with an extent of ~527ha has been identified by Geelstert Solar Facility 2 (Pty) Ltd

as a technically suitable site for the development of a solar PV facility with a contracted capacity of up to

125MW. A smaller development footprint (~285ha) has been identified within the development area, based

on specialist feedback during the BA process.

The development footprint of Geelstert 2 is proposed to accommodate the following infrastructure, which

will enable the solar PV facility to generate a contracted capacity of up to 125MW:

» Bifacial or monofacial PV panels, mounted on fixed-tilt or tracking mounting structures with a maximum

height of 3.5m;

» Centralised inverter stations or string inverters;

» A temporary laydown area;

» Cabling between the panels, to be laid underground where practical;

» An on-site facility substation stepping up from 22kV or 33kV to 132kV or 220kV, with an extent of up to

1ha to facilitate the connection between the solar PV facility and the grid connection solution;

» An access road to the development with a maximum width of 8m;

» Internal access roads within the PV panel array area with a maximum width of 5m;

» Operation and Maintenance buildings including a gate house and security building, control centre,

offices, warehouses, a workshop and visitors centre.

It is the Developer’s intention to bid the solar PV facility under the Department of Mineral Resources and

Energy’s (DMRE) Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP).

1 Geelstert 2 is located within Zone 8 of the Department of Environmental Affairs’ (DEA’s) Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZ),

otherwise known as the Springbok REDZ, which has been earmarked for the development of large scale solar photovoltaic energy

facilities. Due to the fact that the proposed project and its associated infrastructure are proposed completely within a REDZ, a Basic

Assessment (BA) process is required in accordance with Section 3 of GNR 114 (16 February 2016).


SIA Report Page 2

Ultimately, the project is intended to be part of the renewable energy projects portfolio for South Africa, as

contemplated in the Integrated Resources Plan (IRP).

A separate Basic Assessment process will be undertaken for the Geelstert Grid Connection to connect

Geelstert 2 to the Aggeneis Main Transmission Substation (MTS).

1.2 Details of the Independent Specialist

This SIA has been undertaken by Lisa Opperman of Savannah Environmental, and peer reviewed externally

by Dr. Neville Bews of Dr. Neville Bews & Associates.

» Lisa Opperman – holds a Bachelor degree with Honours in Environmental Management and has five

years of experience in the environmental field. Her key focus is on environmental and social impact

assessments, public participation, environmental management plans and programmes, as well as

mapping using ArcGIS for a variety of environmental projects.

» Dr Neville Bews is a Senior Social Scientist and Human Resource professional at Dr Neville Bews &

Associates. Dr Bews has a Doctorate in Literature and Philosophy (D. Litt. et Phil) from the Rand Afrikaans

University (RAU) (now the University of Johannesburg (UJ)), and 37 years of experience in the fields of

Social Impact Assessment and Research, and Human Resource Management. Dr Bews has worked on

a number of large infrastructure, mining and water resource projects.

Dr Bews has undertaken an external review of this SIA and has provided an external reviewer’s letter. This

letter is attached as Appendix B.


SIA Report Page 3

Figure 1.1: Locality map showing the proposed development area for Geelstert 2 and the associated infrastructure, Northern Cape Province.


SIA Report Page 4

1.3 Structure of the SIA Report

This SIA Report has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 6 of the 2014 EIA

Regulations (GNR 326), as amended. An overview of the contents of this SIA Report, as prescribed by

Appendix 6 of the 2014 EIA Regulations (GNR 326), and where the corresponding information can be found

within the report is provided in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Summary of where the requirements of Appendix 6 of the 2014 NEMA EIA Regulations (GNR 326),

as amended, are provided within this Specialist Report.

Requirement Location in Report

(a) Details of –

(i) The specialist who prepared the report.

(ii) The expertise of that specialist to compile a specialist report including a curriculum vitae.

Section 1

(b) A declaration that the specialist is independent in a form as may be specified by the

competent authority.

Declaration of

Interest

(c) An indication of the scope of, and the purpose for which, the report was prepared. Section 2

(cA) An indication of the quality and age of base data used for the specialist report. Section 4

(cB) A description of existing impacts on the site, cumulative impacts of the proposed development

and levels of acceptable change.Section 5

(d) The duration, date and season of the site investigation and the relevance of the season to the

outcome of the assessment.Section 2

(e) A description of the methodology adopted in preparing the report or carrying out the

specialised process inclusive of equipment and modelling used.Section 2

(f) Details of an assessment of the specific identified sensitivity of the site related to the proposed

activity or activities and its associated structures and infrastructure, inclusive of a site plan

identifying site alternatives.

Section 4

Section 5

(g) An identification of any areas to be avoided, including buffers. N/A

(h) A map superimposing the activity including the associated structures and infrastructure on the

environmental sensitivities of the site including areas to be avoided, including buffersN/A

(i) A description of any assumptions made and any uncertainties or gaps in knowledge. Section 2

(j) A description of the findings and potential implications of such findings on the impact of the

proposed activity or activities.Section 5

(k) Any mitigation measures for inclusion in the EMPr. Appendix A

(l) Any conditions for inclusion in the environmental authorisation. Section 6

(m) Any monitoring requirements for inclusion in the EMPr or environmental authorisation. Appendix A

(n) A reasoned opinion –

(i) Whether the proposed activity, activities or portions thereof should be authorised.

(iA) Regarding the acceptability of the proposed activity or activities.

(ii) If the opinion is that the proposed activity, activities or portions thereof should be

authorised, any avoidance, management and mitigation measures.

Section 6

(o) A description of any consultation process that was undertaken during the course of preparing

the specialist report.Section 2

(p) A summary and copies of any comments received during any consultation process and where

applicable all responses thereto.N/A

(q) Any other information requested by the competent authority. N/A

2. Where a government notice gazetted by the Minister provides for any protocol or minimum

information requirement to be applied to a specialist report, the requirements as indicated in

such notice will apply.

N/A


SIA Report Page 5

2. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH

2.1 Purpose of the Study

The International Principles for Social Impact Assessment define SIA as:

“The processes of analysing, monitoring and managing the intended and unintended social consequences,

both positive and negative, of planned interventions (policies, programs, plans, projects) and any social

change processes invoked by those interventions”.

The International Principles for Social Impact Assessment define social impacts as changes to one or more

of the following:

» People’s way of life – that is, how they live, work, play and interact with one another on a day-to-day

basis.

» Their culture – that is, their shared beliefs, customs, values and language or dialect.

» Their community – its cohesion, stability, character, services and facilities.

» Their political systems – the extent to which people are able to participate in decisions that affect their

lives, the level of democratisation that is taking place, and the resources provided for this purpose.

» Their environment – the quality of the air and water people use, the availability and quality of the food

they eat, the level of hazard or risk, dust and noise they are exposed to, the adequacy of sanitation, their

physical safety, and their access to and control over resources.

» Their health and wellbeing – health is a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing

and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

» Their personal and property rights – particularly whether people are economically affected, or

experience personal disadvantage which may include a violation of their civil liberties.

» Their fears and aspirations – their perceptions about their safety, their fears about the future of their

community, and their aspirations for their future and the future of their children.

The purpose of this SIA Report is therefore to:

» Provide baseline information describing the social environment within which the project is proposed, and

which may be impacted (both positively and negatively) as a result of the proposed development.

» Identify, describe and assess possible social risks / fatal flaws and social impacts that may arise as a result

of the proposed development (in terms of the detailed design and construction, operation, and

decommissioning phases of the project).

» Recommend ways in which negative impacts can be avoided, minimised, or their significance reduced,

and positive impacts maximised or enhanced.

2.2 Approach to the Study

This SIA Report provides a snapshot of the current social setting within which Geelstert 2 is proposed. It

provides an overview of the manner and degree to which the current status quo is likely to change or be

impacted by the construction, operation and decommissioning of the project, as well as the manner in

which the social environment is likely to impact on the development itself.


SIA Report Page 6

An overview of the assessment methodology utilised as part of this SIA is provided in Section Error! Reference

source not found..

The SIA process comprised the following:

» Collection and review of existing information, including national, provincial, district, and local plans,

policies, programmes, Census data, and available literature from previous studies conducted within the

area. Project specific information was obtained from the project proponent.

» Previous environmental impact assessment processes have been undertaken for the development of

renewable energy projects (mainly including the development of PV facilities) within the affected

property identified for the development of Geelstert 2. These previous processes included the

undertaking of social impact assessments for the proposed projects as well as adequate public

participation processes which identified and addressed social concerns and impacts. Based on the

similarities between the previous projects assessed (in terms of both location and infrastructure) and

Geelstert 2 being proposed (i.e. solar energy developments) the previous social studies and comments

and responses reports (compiled through the public participation process) will be utilised to identify and

assess the social impacts considered to be associated with the proposed development. These sources

of information (which included the undertaking of a site visit and interviews as part of the previous EIA

processes and Social Impact Assessments) are considered to be sufficient for the collection of data, and

therefore no site visit or stakeholder consultation / interviews were undertaken as part of this SIA2. The

following list provides the details of the previous projects, as well as the associated DEA reference

numbers of the Applications for Environmental Authorisation:

Aggeneys 1 Solar PV Facility, Northern Cape Province – DEA Ref.: 14/12/16/3/3/1/2019; and

Aggeneys 2 Solar PV Facility, Northern Cape Province – DEA Ref.: 14/12/16/3/3/1/2020.

It must be noted that all social issues raised during the public participation process undertaken for the

proposed project will be included, considered and addressed as part of the final SIA report for the

project to be submitted to the DEA, where relevant.

» Identification of potential direct, indirect and cumulative impacts likely to be associated with the

construction, operation, and decommissioning of the proposed project.

» Assessment of identified impacts in terms of their nature, extent, duration, consequence / magnitude,

probability, significance, and status.

» Where applicable, mitigation measures with which to minimise impacts and enhance benefits

associated with the project were identified.

» Preparation of an SIA Report and inputs into the Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) to be

prepared for the project.

2.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Analysis

Stakeholders are defined as:

“Any group or organisation which may affect or be affected by the issue under consideration” (UN, 2001:

26).

2 It must be noted that the SIA was undertaken during the COVID-19 national state of disaster and therefore no on-site meetings with

stakeholders were held.


SIA Report Page 7

These may be directly or indirectly impacted and may include organisations, institutions, groups of people

or individuals, and can be at any level or position in society, from the international to regional, national, or

household level (Franke & Guidero, 2012).

Stakeholder analysis involves the identification of affected or impacted people and their key grouping and

sub-groupings (IFC, 2007). Identifying stakeholders that are directly and indirectly affected by the project is

important to determine who might be impacted by the development and in what way. The key

stakeholders in the proposed project have been identified, grouped / sub-grouped and described (as per

Ilse Aucamp SIA methodology and Aucamp et al, 2011). There are immediate, direct and indirect areas of

influence to the proposed development. Affected stakeholders comprise sensitive social receptors that

may potentially be affected by the proposed development based on their location.

A description of each of the stakeholders groups in relation to Geelstert 2 is discussed in detail below:

» Farming community: The farming community can be grouped into three categories, namely farm

owners, farm tenants, and farm workers. Farm owners comprise individuals who own and make a living

off of their properties. Farm tenants are people who rent land and work on the land to earn an income.

Farm workers are people who work, and also often reside on the farm with their families, and are seen

as a vulnerable community. The primary farming activities within the surrounding area is used for sheep

farming and grazing and the area is considered as non-arable with a low grazing potential.

» Farming industry: There are potentially vulnerable farming activities in the broader surrounding area of

the development area. Agriculture is one of the main economic activities within the area. Livestock

farming (mainly sheep farming) is undertaken within the area surrounding the project. The grazing

potential is relatively low within the municipal area, which necessitates large farming units, mainly used

for livestock (including cattle, sheep and antelope) and game farming.

» Mining industry: The area is rich in minerals, including sillimanite, zinc, copper, lead, granite, quartz and

aventurine. The Black Mountain Mine and the Gamsberg Mine are located within the area and present

disturbed landscapes. The Black Mountain Mining company is located to north west and comprises two

shafts, known as the Deep and Swartberg Shafts. The mine produces copper, lead, zinc and silver. The

residents of Aggeneys are predominantly employees of the Black Mountain Mine. Mine dumps are also

associated with the Black Mountain Mine. The existing and proposed mining activities have and will

influence the local landscape character of the area.

» Surrounding towns / affected communities: The closest major town is Aggeneys located 13km north-west.

Other communities and towns located in the areas surrounding the study area includes Pella (located

~38km north-east), Pofadder (located ~51km north-east), Concordia (located ~101km south-west),

Carolusberg (located ~104km south-west), O’Kiep (located ~109km south-west), Springbok (located

~111km south-west) and Nababeep (located ~118km south-west).

» Service providers: The major service providers which will be affected by the project include the DM, LM,

and local businesses in the area. The Khâi-Ma LM and to a lesser degree the Namakwa DM are likely to

be impacted by the proposed development. The Khâi-Ma LM will absorb a number of positive and

negative social impacts. In addition there are a number of local businesses in the surrounding area that

could benefit from the opportunities of the proposed project.

» Stakeholders outside the direct area of influence: There are a number of stakeholders that reside outside

the direct area of influence but who may be affected by the project. These include road users, including

those that use the N14 national road, and local gravel roads on a frequent basis as part of their daily or

weekly movement patterns.


SIA Report Page 8

Figure 2.1 provides an organogram of the key stakeholders that will be impacted by Geelstert 2. Figure 2.2

provides a landowners map of the affected and adjacent properties associated with Geelstert 2.


SIA Report Page 9

Figure 2.1: Key Stakeholders identified for Geelstert 2, near Aggeneys, Northern Cape Province.

IMMEDIATE AREAS OF

INFLUENCE

KEY STAKEHOLDERS

Geelstert 2

Farming

Communities

Farm Owners

Farm Tenants

Farm Workers

Farming and Mining

Industry

Livestock Farming

Game Farming

DIRECT AREAS OF

INFLUENCE

Surrounding Towns /

Communities

Towns: Aggeneys

Other communities:

Pella, Pofadder,

Concordia,

Carolusberg, O’Kiep,

Springbok and

Nababeep

Service Providers

Khâi-Ma LM

Namakwa DM

Local Businesses

INDIRECT AREAS OF

INFLUENCE

Indirect Stakeholders

Local Road Users

Other Local

Residents

Existing and

proposed mining

activities


SIA Report Page 10

Figure 2.2: Landowners map of the affected and adjacent properties for the Geelstert 2 project


SIA Report Page 11

2.2.2 Collection and Review of Existing Information and Data

Existing desktop information that has relevance to the proposed project, project area and / or surrounds

was collected and reviewed. The following information was examined as part of this process:

» Project maps and layouts.

» Google Earth imagery.

» A description of the project (as provided by the project proponent).

» Responses to questions posed to the project proponent regarding employment and social upliftment

and local economic development opportunities (as provided by the project proponent).

» Census data (2011), and the Local Government Handbook (2019).

» Planning documentation such as Provincial Growth and Development Strategies (PGDSs), Local and

District Municipality Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), Spatial Development Frameworks (SDFs), and

development goals and objectives.

» Relevant legislation, guidelines, policies, plans, and frameworks.

» Available literature pertaining to social issues associated with the development and operation of solar

energy facilities and associated infrastructure.

» Previous studies undertaken within the affected properties, as well as the consideration of the outcomes

and comments raised during the public participation processes undertaken as part of the previous

studies.

Should any comments or concerns be raised from a social perspective regarding the project during the

public participation process of the Basic Assessment, these will be included and addressed as part of the

final SIA to be submitted to DEA for decision-making.

2.3 Impact Assessment Evaluation Method

The main objective of this SIA is to determine the social risks and opportunities, and positive and negative

impacts which may be associated with the construction, operation, and decommissioning of the project.

The methodology below (as provided by Savannah Environmental) allows for the evaluation of the overall

impact of a proposed project on the social environment. This includes an assessment of the significant

direct, indirect, and cumulative impacts associated with the project. Social impacts were assessed in terms

of their perceived extent (scale), duration, magnitude (severity), probability (certainty), and status

(negative, neutral or positive).

» The nature, which includes a description of what causes the effect, what will be affected and how it will

be affected.

» The extent, wherein it is indicated whether the impact will be local (limited to the immediate area or site

of development) or regional, and a value between 1 and 5 was assigned as appropriate (with 1 being

low and 5 being high).

» The duration, wherein it is indicated whether:

The lifetime of the impact will be of a very short duration (0 – 1 years) – assigned a score of 1.

The lifetime of the impact will be of a short duration (2 – 5 years) – assigned a score of 2.

Medium-term (5 – 15 years) – assigned a score of 3.

Long term (> 15 years) – assigned a score of 4.

Permanent – assigned a score of 5.


SIA Report Page 12

» The magnitude, quantified on a scale from 0 – 10, where 0 is small and will have no effect on the

environment, 2 is minor and will not result in an impact on processes, 4 is low and will cause a slight

impact on processes, 6 is moderate and will result in processes continuing but in a modified way, 8 is

high (processes are altered to the extent that they temporarily cease), and 10 is very high and results in

complete destruction of patterns and permanent cessation of processes.

» The probability of occurrence, which describes the likelihood of the impact actually occurring.

Probability is estimated on a scale of 1 – 5, where 1 is very improbable (probably will not happen), 2 is

improbable (some possibility, but low likelihood), 3 is probable (distinct possibility), 4 is highly probable

(most likely) and 5 is definite (impact will occur regardless of any prevention measures).

» the significance, which is determined through a synthesis of the characteristics described above and

can be assessed as low, medium or high.

» The status, which will is described as either positive, negative or neutral.

» The degree to which the impact can be reversed.

» The degree to which the impact may cause irreplaceable loss of resources.

» The degree to which the impact can be mitigated.

The significance was then calculated by combining the criteria in the following formula:

S = (E+D+M)xP

S = Significance weighting

E = Extent

D = Duration

M = Magnitude

P = Probability

The significance weightings for each potential impact are as follows:

» < 30 points: Low (i.e. where this impact would not have a direct influence on the decision to develop in

the area).

» 30 – 60 points: Medium (i.e. where the impact could influence the decision to develop in the area unless

it is effectively mitigated).

» > 60 points: High (i.e. where the impact must have an influence on the decision process to develop in

the area).

2.4 Limitations and Assumptions

The following assumptions and limitations are applicable to this SIA Report:

» Data derived from the 2011 Census, Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework (PSDF)

2012, Northern Cape Reviewed Spatial Development Framework (PSDF) Executive Summary 2018

(complete report was not available at the time of compilation of this report), Namakwa District

Municipality Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Draft Revision 2020/2021 and Khâi-Ma Local Municipality

Integrated Development Plan (2017/18 – 2021/22) (Revised 2019/20) was used to generate the majority

of information provided in the baseline profile of the broader study area and the development area.

The possibility exists that some of the data utilised may be out of date, and may not provide an accurate

reflection of the current status quo.


SIA Report Page 13

» This SIA Report was prepared based on information that was available to the specialist at the time of

preparing the report. The sources consulted are not exhaustive, and the possibility exists that additional

information which might strengthen arguments, contradict information in this report, and / or identify

additional information might exist. Additional information available from the public participation

undertaken during the BA process will be included and considered within the final report, where relevant.

» The use and interpretation of previously collected data from previous environmental impact assessment

processes undertaken for the development of renewable energy projects (mainly including the

development of PV facilities) within the affected property identified for the development of Geelstert 2

is considered to be sufficient and therefore no site visit and stakeholder consultation has been

undertaken as part of this SIA.

» Some of the project projections reflected in this SIA Report may be subject to change, and therefore

may be higher or lower than those estimated by the project proponent.

» It is assumed that the motivation for, as well as planning and the feasibility study of the project were

undertaken with integrity, and that information provided by the project proponent was accurate and

true at the time of preparing this SIA Report.


SIA Report Page 14

3. LEGISLATION AND POLICY REVIEW

The legislative and policy context applicable to a project plays an important role in identifying and assessing

the potential social impacts associated with the development. In this regard a key component of the SIA

process is to assess a proposed development in terms of its suitability with regards to key planning and policy

documents.

The following key pieces of documentation were reviewed as part of this legislation and policy review

process:

National Policy and Planning Context:

» Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

» National Environmental Management Act (No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA)

» White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa (1998)

» White Paper on the Renewable Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa (2003)

» National Energy Act (No. 34 of 2008)

» Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) (2015)

» Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for Electricity (2010 – 2030) (2011) (and subsequent updates thereto)

» National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 (2012)

» Strategic Infrastructure Projects (SIPs)

» Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZ)

Provincial Policy and Planning Context:

» Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework (PSDF) 2012

» Northern Cape Reviewed Spatial Development Framework (PSDF) Executive Summary 20183

Local Policy and Planning Context:

» Namakwa District Municipality Integrated Development Plan (IDP) Draft Revision (2020/2021)

» Khâi-Ma Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan (2017/18 – 2021/22) (Revised 2019/20)

3.1 National Policy and Planning Context

Any project which contributes positively towards the objectives mentioned within national policies could be

considered strategically important for the country. A review of the national policy environment suggests

that the increased utilisation of Renewable Energy (RE) sources is considered integral to reducing South

Africa’s carbon footprint, diversifying the national economy, and contributing towards social upliftment and

economic development. As the project comprises a RE project that would contribute RE supply to provincial

and national targets set out and supported within these national policies, it is considered that the project fits

within the national policy framework.

A brief review of the most relevant national legislation and policies is provided in table format (Table 3.1)

below.

3 It must be noted that the complete PSDF was not available for consideration at the time of compilation of this report.


SIA Report Page 15

Table 3.1: Relevant national legislation and policies for Geelstert 2Relevant legislation

or policyRelevance to the proposed project

Constitution of the

Republic of South

Africa, 1996

Section 24 of the Constitution pertains specifically to the environment. It states that Everyone

has the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well‐being, and to have

the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through

reasonable legislative and other measures that prevent pollution and ecological degradation,

promote conservation and secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural

resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development.

The Constitution outlines the need to promote social and economic development. Section 24

of the Constitution therefore requires that development be conducted in such a manner that

it does not infringe on an individual’s environmental rights, health, or well-being. This is

especially significant for previously disadvantaged individuals who are most at risk to

environmental impacts.

National

Environmental

Management Act

(No. 107 of 1998)

(NEMA)

This piece of legislation is South Africa’s key piece of environmental legislation, and sets the

framework for environmental management in South Africa. NEMA is founded on the principle

that everyone has the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well‐being

as contained within the Bill of Rights.

The national environmental management principles state that the social, economic and

environmental impacts of activities, including disadvantages and benefits, must be

considered, assessed and evaluated, and decisions must be appropriate in the light of such

consideration and assessment.

The need for responsible and informed decision-making by government on the acceptability

of environmental impacts is therefore enshrined within NEMA.

White Paper on the

Energy Policy of the

Republic of South

Africa (1998)

The White Paper on Energy Policy places emphasis on the expansion of energy supply options

to enhance South Africa’s energy security. This can be achieved through increased use of RE

and encouraging new entries into the generation market.

The policy states that the advantages of RE include, minimal environmental impacts during

operation in comparison with traditional supply technologies, generally lower running costs,

and high labour intensities. Disadvantages include, higher capital costs in some cases, lower

energy densities, and lower levels of availability, depending on specific conditions, especially

with sun and wind based systems. Nonetheless, renewable resources generally operate from

an unlimited resource base and, as such, can increasingly contribute towards a long-term

sustainable energy future.

White Paper on the

Renewable Energy

Policy of the

Republic of South

Africa (2003)

The White Paper on Renewable Energy Policy supplements Government’s predominant policy

on energy as set out in the White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa

(DME, 1998). The policy recognises the potential of RE, and aims to create the necessary

conditions for the development and commercial implementation of RE technologies.

The White Paper on RE sets out Government’s vision, policy principles, strategic goals and

objectives for promoting and implementing RE in South Africa. The country relies heavily on

coal to meet its energy needs due to its abundant, and fairly accessible and affordable coal

resources. However, massive RE resources that can be sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels,

have so far remained largely untapped.

The White Paper on Renewable Energy of 2003 set a target of 10 000GWh to be generated

from RE by 2013 to be produced mainly from biomass, wind, solar and small-scale hydro. The


SIA Report Page 16

Relevant legislation


target was subsequently reviewed in 2009 during the RE summit of 2009. The policy supports

investment in RE facilities as they contribute towards ensuring energy security through the

diversification of energy supply, reducing GHG emissions and the promotion of RE sources.

National Energy Act

(No. 34 of 2008)

The purpose of the National Energy Act (No. 34 of 2008) is to ensure that diverse energy

resources are available, in sustainable quantities and at affordable prices, to the South African

economy in support of economic growth and poverty alleviation, while taking environmental

management requirements into account. In addition, the Act also provides for energy

planning, and increased generation and consumption of Renewable Energies (REs).

The Act provides the legal framework which supports the development of RE facilities for the

greater environmental and social good, and provides the backdrop against which South

Africa’s strategic planning regarding future electricity provision and supply takes place. It also

provides the legal framework which supports the development of RE facilities for the greater

environmental and social good.

Integrated Energy

Plan (IEP), 2015

The Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) (which was developed under the National Energy Act (No. 34

of 2008)), recognises that energy is essential to many human activities, and is critical to the

social and economic development of a country. The purpose of the IEP is essentially to ensure

the availability of energy resources, and access to energy services in an affordable and

sustainable manner, while minimising associated adverse environmental impacts. Energy

planning therefore needs to balance the need for continued economic growth with social

needs, and the need to protect the natural environment.

Integrated

Resource Plan for

Electricity (IRP) 2010-

2030 (2011)

The Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for Electricity 2010 – 2030 is a subset of the IEP and

constitutes South Africa’s National electricity plan. The primary objective of the IRP is to

determine the long term electricity demand and detail how this demand should be met in

terms of generating capacity, type, timing and cost. The IRP also serves as input to other

planning functions, including amongst others, economic development and funding, and

environmental and social policy formulation.

On 27 August 2018, the then Minister of Energy published a draft IRP which was issued for public

comment. The lengthy public participation and consultation process has culminated in the

issue of the overdue IRP 2019 which updates the energy forecast from the current period to

the year 2030. Since the promulgated IRP 2010, the following capacity developments have

taken place:

» A total of 6 422MW has been procured thus far under the REIPPPP, with 3 876MW being

currently operational and made available to the grid. In addition, IPPs have

commissioned 1005MW from two (2) Open Cycle Gas Turbines (OCGT) peaking plants;

and

» Under the Eskom Build Programme, 1 332MW has been procured from the Ingula Pumped

Storage Project, 1 588MW and 800MW from the Medupi and Kusile power stations and

100MW from the Sere Wind Farm.

Provision has been made for the following new capacity by 2030:

» 1 500MW of coal;

» 2 500MW of hydro;

» 6 000MW of solar PV;

» 14 400MW of wind;

» 1 860MW of nuclear;

» 2 088MW of storage;


SIA Report Page 17



» 3 000MW of gas/diesel; and

» 4 000MW from other distributed generation, co-generation, biomass and landfill

technologies.

Based on the 2019 IRP, South Africa continues to pursue a diversified energy mix that reduces

reliance on a single or a few primary energy sources. In the period prior to 2030, the system

requirements are largely for incremental capacity addition (modular) and flexible technology,

to complement the existing installed inflexible capacity. South Africa is a signatory to the Paris

Agreement on Climate Change and has ratified the agreement. In line with INDCs (submitted

to the UNFCCC in November 2016), South Africa’s emissions are expected to peak, plateau

and from year 2025 decline.

National

Development Plan

2030 (2012)

The National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 is a plan prepared by the National Planning

Commission in consultation with the South African public which is aimed at eliminating poverty

and reducing inequality by 2030.

In terms of the Energy Sector’s role in empowering South Africa, the NDP envisages that, by

2030, South Africa will have an energy sector that promotes:

» Economic growth and development through adequate investment in energy

infrastructure. The sector should provide reliable and efficient energy service at

competitive rates, while supporting economic growth through job creation.

» Social equity through expanded access to energy at affordable tariffs and through

targeted, sustainable subsidies for needy households.

» Environmental sustainability through efforts to reduce pollution and mitigate the effects of

climate change.

The NDP aims to provide a supportive environment for growth and development, while

promoting a more labour-absorbing economy.

Strategic

Infrastructure

Projects (SIPs)

The Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Committee (PICC) are integrating and phasing

investment plans across 18 Strategic Infrastructure Projects (SIPs) which have 5 core functions,

including to unlock opportunity, transform the economic landscape, create new jobs,

strengthen the delivery of basic services and support the integration of African economies.

SIP 8 of the energy SIPs supports the development of RE projects as follows:

» Green energy in support of the South African economy:

The SIPs support sustainable green energy initiatives on a national scale through a diverse

range of clean energy options as envisaged in the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) and supports

bio-fuel production facilities.

The development of Geelstert 2 is aligned with SIP 8 as it constitutes a green energy initiative

which would contribute clean energy in accordance with the IRP 2010 – 2030. It must be noted

that the project would only be registered as a SIP should the project proceed to construction.

Renewable Energy

Development Zone

(REDZ) (GNR 114 of

February 2018)

The Strategic Environmental Assessment for Wind and Solar Photovoltaic Energy in South Africa,

2015, has identified 8 Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZs) that are of strategic

importance for large-scale wind and solar photovoltaic energy development, including the

roll-out of its supporting transmission and distribution infrastructure, in terms of Strategic

Integrated Project (SIP) 8: Green Energy in support of the South African Economy.


SIA Report Page 18



Geelstert 2 is located within the Springbok Renewable Energy Development Zone (REDZ 8) and

is therefore an area identified for the establishment of large-scale solar PV facility

development.

3.2 Provincial Policies

This section provides a brief review of the most relevant provincial policies. Geelstert 2 is considered to align

with the aims of these policies, even if contributions to achieving the goals therein are only minor. A brief

review of the most relevant provincial policies is provided in table format (Table 3.2) below.

Table 3.2: Relevant provincial policies for Geelstert 2

Relevant policy Relevance to the proposed project

Northern Cape

Provincial Spatial

Development

Framework (PSDF)

2012

The Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework (PSDF) 2012 states that the

overarching goal for the province is to enable sustainability through sustainable development.

The province considers social and economic development as imperative in order to address

the most significant challenge facing the Northern Cape, which is poverty.

The PSDF identifies key sectoral strategies and plans which are considered to be the key

components of the PSDF. Sectoral Strategy 19 refers to a provincial renewable energy

strategy. Within the PSDF a policy has been included which states that renewable energy

sources (including the utilisation of solar energy) are to comprise 25% of the province’s energy

generation capacity by 2020.

The overall energy objective for the province also includes promoting the development of

renewable energy supply schemes which are considered to be strategically important for

increasing the diversity of domestic energy supply and avoiding energy imports, while also

minimising the detrimental environmental impacts. The implementation of sustainable

renewable energy is also to be promoted within the province through appropriate financial

and fiscal instruments.

Northern Cape

Reviewed Spatial

Development

Framework (PSDF)

Executive Summary

2018

As part of land use management the PSDF identifies spatial planning categories for the

province which includes:

a) Core Conservation Areas;

b) Natural Buffer Areas;

c) Agricultural Areas;

d) Urban Related Areas;

e) Industrial Areas; and

f) Surface Infrastructure.

These categories provide a framework to guide decision-making regarding land-use at all

levels of planning which provides an organised process enabling sustainable development in

a coherent manner. Renewable energy has been included under category f – Surface

Infrastructure. One of the key strategies and interventions as part of this planning category is

the conducting of Strategic Environmental Assessments in areas suited for renewable energy

generation to incentivise and streamline the administrative and development processes.

High impact projects have been identified for the province which includes a renewable

energy and gas energy business incubator, a renewable energy and gas energy skills


SIA Report Page 19


development centre and supply chain centres in each REDZ, namely the Upington REDZ,

Springbok REDZ and Kimberley REDZ.

3.3 District and Local Municipalities Policies

The strategic policies at district and local level have similar objectives for the respective areas, namely to

accelerate economic growth, create jobs, and uplift communities. Geelstert 2 is considered to align with

the aims of these policies, even if contributions to achieving the goals therein are only minor.

A brief review of the most relevant district and local municipal policies is provided in table format (Table 3.3)

below.

Table 3.3: Relevant district and local municipal policies for Geelstert 2


Namakwa District

Municipality

Integrated

Development Plan

(IDP) Draft Revision

(2020/2021)

The vision of the DM is to achieve certain aspects within the municipal area. These include:

» The stimulation of radical economic and social transformation;

» The fostering of partnership with relevant role-players;

» Supporting and capacitating of local municipalities;

» Transparent and accountable processes and providing local leadership.

In terms of renewable energy development the IDP considers strategic development

directives. This includes goals ranging from alleviating poverty and reducing inequality through

job creation and economic growth, as well as ensuring access to affordable, reliable,

sustainable and modern energy for all. The role of local government in the electricity

distribution industry, including consideration of renewable energy, will be critical.

Khâi-Ma Local

Municipality

Integrated

Development Plan

(2017/18 – 2021/22)

(Revised 2019/20)

The LM IDP places emphasis on education, health, performance management, financial

viability and grant expenditure, water and sanitation and electricity as the issues that need to

be addressed to lead to the sustainability of the municipality. The LM has set out to create

conditions for decent living which includes ensuring access to municipal services such as

electricity, water and sanitation.

The municipal areas is both subject of and an anchor in major development initiatives

including mining, agriculture and renewable energy developments.

3.4 Conclusion

The review of relevant legislation, policies and documentation pertaining to the energy sector indicates that

renewable or green energy (i.e. energy generated by naturally occurring renewable resources), and

therefore the establishment of Geelstert 2, is supported at a national, provincial, and local level, and that

the proposed project will contribute positively towards a number of targets and policy aims.


SIA Report Page 20

4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE

Geelstert 2 is proposed within a development area with an extent of ~527ha on a site located 13km south-

east of the town of Aggeneys in the Northern Cape Province. The site and proposed infrastructure for the

development falls within the Khâi-Ma Local Municipality, as well as the greater Namakwa District Municipality

(Table 4.1).

Table 4.1: Spatial Context of the Proposed Development Area for the development of Geelstert 2.

Province Northern Cape Province

District Municipality Namakwa DM

Local Municipality Khâi-Ma LM

Ward Number(s) Ward 4

Nearest Town(s) and

Settlements

The closest major town is Aggeneys located 13km north-west. Other communities

and towns located in the areas surrounding the study area includes Pella

(located ~38km north-east), Pofadder (located ~51km north-east), Concordia

(located ~101km south-west), Carolusberg (located ~104km south-west), O’Kiep

(located ~109km south-west), Springbok (located ~111km south-west) and

Nababeep (located ~118km south-west).

Farm Portion(s), Name(s) and

Number(s)

» Remaining Extent of the Farm Bloemhoek 61

SG 21 Digit Code (s) » C05300000000006100000

Current Zoning of the study area Agriculture

Current land use of the study

area

Agriculture

This Chapter provides an overview of the socio-economic environment of the province, DM, and LMs within

which Geelstert 2 is proposed for development, and provides the socio-economic basis against which

potential issues can be identified.

4.1 Northern Cape Province

The Northern Cape Province is located in the north-western extent of South Africa and constitutes South

Africa’s largest province, occupying an area 372 889km² in extent, equivalent to nearly a third (30.5%) of the

country’s total land mass. It is also South Africa’s most sparsely populated province with a population of

1 145 861, and a population density of 3.1/km². It is bordered by the provinces of the Western Cape, and

Eastern Cape to the south, and south-east, the provinces of Free State, and North West to the east, Botswana

and Namibia, to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The Northern Cape is South Africa’s only

province which borders Namibia, and therefore plays an important role in terms of providing linkages

between Namibia and the rest of South Africa. The Orange River is a significant feature within the province,

is the main source of water, and also constitutes the international border between South Africa and Namibia.

The Northern Cape offers unique tourism opportunities including wildlife conservation destinations, natural

features, historic sites, festivals, cultural sites, star gazing, adventure tourism, agricultural tourism, ecotourism,

game farms, and hunting areas, etc. The province is home to the Richtersveld Botanical and Landscape

World Heritage Site, which comprises a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

(UNESCO) World Heritage Site under the World Heritage Convention. The Northern Cape is also home to


SIA Report Page 21

two (2) Transfrontier National Parks, namely the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, and the Richtersveld /Ai-Ais

Transfrontier Park, as well as five (5) national parks, and six (6) provincial reserves.

The Northern Cape plays a significant role in South Africa’s science and technology sector, and is home to

the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), and the Karoo Array

Telescope (MeerKAT).

The Northern Cape makes the smallest contribution to South Africa’s economy (contributing only 2% to South

Africa’s Gross Domestic Product per region (GDP-R) in 2007). The mining sector is the largest contributor to

the provincial GDP, contributing 26%. The Northern Cape’s mining industry is of national and international

importance, as it produces approximately 37% of South Africa’s diamond output, 44% of its zinc, 70% of its

silver, 84% of its iron-ore, 93% of its lead and 99% of its manganese.

In 2007 the agricultural sector contributed 5.8% to the Northern Cape GDP per region which was equivalent

to approximately R1.3 billion. The agricultural sector also employs approximately 19.5% of the total formally

employed individuals (LED Strategy). The sector is experiencing significant growth in value-added activities,

including game-farming, while food production and processing for the local and export market is also

growing significantly (PGDS, July 2011). Approximately 96% of the land is used for stock farming, including

beef cattle and sheep or goats, as well as game farming, while approximately 2% of the province is used for

crop farming, mainly under irrigation in the Orange River Valley and Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme (LED

Strategy).

The Northern Cape comprises five Districts, namely Frances Baard, John Taolo Gaetsewe, Namakwa, Pixley

ka Seme, and ZF Mgcawu (refer to Figure 4.1).

Figure 4.1: Map showing the district municipalities of the Northern Cape (Source: www.municipalities.co.za).


SIA Report Page 22

4.2 Namakwa DM

The Namakwa District Municipality is a Category C municipality located in the Northern Cape Province. It is

bordered by the republic of Namibia in the north, ZF Mgcawu Local Municipality in the north-east, Cape

Winelands District Municipality in the south, West Coast District Municipality in the south-west, Pixley Ka Seme

District Municipality in the east, Central Karoo District Municipality in the south-east, and the Atlantic Ocean

in the west. The seat of the Namakwa District Municipality is Springbok. The main economic sectors of the

municipal area include agriculture and tourism.

It is the largest district in the Province, making up over a third of its geographical area, and is 126 836km² in

extent. It is comprised of six local municipalities: Nama Khoi, Hantam, Khâi-Ma, Kamiesberg, Karoo Hoogland

and Richtersveld (refer to Figure 4.2).

Figure 4.2: Map showing the local municipalities of the Namakwa DM (Source: www.municipalities.co.za).

4.3 Khâi-Ma LM

The Khâi-Ma Local Municipality is a Category B municipality situated within the Namakwa District

Municipality in the Northern Cape Province. It is one of the six municipalities that make up the district,

accounting for 12% of its geographical area, which is 15 715km² in extent.

The seat, Pofadder, is situated about 220km west of Upington and 165km east of Springbok. Farming

settlements are Dwagga Soutpan, Vrugbaar, Raap-en-Skraap and Klein Pella. The main economic sectors

include agriculture, tourism, community, social and personal services.


SIA Report Page 23

4.4 Study Area and Development Area

Geelstert 2 is proposed on the Remaining Extent of the Farm Bloemhoek 61 which is located ~13km south-

east of Aggeneys. Very few communities, other than Aggeneys, are located in close vicinity of the project.

The communities closest to the project includes Pella, Pofadder, Concordia, Carolusberg, O’Kiep, Springbok

and Nababeep. These communities are considered to be sparsely populated and related mainly to

agricultural activities and mining activities (where relevant for the area).

The development area is located within the Khâi-Ma Non-Urban (NU) area, which has a population of 2 148

people and a population density of 0.14/km².

Land uses within close proximity to the development area include the Black Mountain Mine, the Gamsberg

Mine, the Aggeneys Airport, the residential area of Aggeneys, the N14 national road and livestock farming

activities associated with the surrounding areas.

According to the National Landcover Map (2014), the affected property consists primarily of low shrubland,

grassland, areas with no vegetation and limited pockets of mining areas.

The N14 national road, which links the towns of Upington, Pofadder, Aggeneys and Springbok, is located

approximately 11km to the west of the site. The Loop 10 Main Road is located along the northern boundary

of the affected property and the Gamoep Main Road traverses the eastern section of the affected property

(to the east of the development area). These local roads provide direct access to the affected property

and the development area.

An area of land approximately 527ha has been earmarked for the establishment Geelstert 2, which

comprises of the development of a commercial PV solar energy facility with a contracted capacity of

125MW and associated infrastructure. A second solar PV energy facility is proposed directly to the west of

Geelstert 2, known as Geelstert 1. A further two solar energy facilities have been authorised directly to the

north of Geelstert 2, known as Aggeneys 1 and Aggeneys 2. Considering the other PV solar energy facilities

proposed and authorised, the immediate area will become more industrial with the addition of infrastructure

to the area. This change in land use is considered to be acceptable considering the current and previous

land use activities undertaken within the area which involve intensive mining operations and the associated

infrastructure, as well as the low population density of the area.

There are no major social receptors located within or directly adjacent to the development area. Social

receptors that could be affected are the local travellers making use of the N14 and surrounding gravel

roads. Other social receptors include the settlements surrounding the development area, as well as the

agricultural activities including livestock grazing. The distance between Geelstert 2 and the social receptors

provides a buffer in terms of direct impact. Due to the fact that renewable energy development has already

been authorised within the surrounding area of the social features, the development of the proposed project

will not introduce solar energy as a land use to the area. One solar energy facility is operational within the

Aggeneys area.

Apart from the Black Mountain Mine Golf Course, very limited tourism/leisure activities are available within

the Aggeneys area. Other tourism facilities outside of Aggeneys include the Amam Melkbos Campsite

located ~52km north-west and the Klein Pella Campsite located ~36km north-east.


SIA Report Page 24

The description provided above is considered to the be current status quo and social landscape associated

with the area within which Geelstert 2 is proposed to be placed.

4.5 Baseline Description of the Social Environment

Table 4.2 provides a baseline summary of the socio-economic profile of the Khâi-Ma LM within which

Geelstert 2 is proposed. The data presented in this section have been derived from the 2011 Census, the

Local Government Handbook South Africa 2019, the Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development

Framework (PSDF), and the Integrated Development Plans of the Namakwa DM and Khâi-Ma LM4.

Table 4.2: Baseline description of the socio-economic characteristics of the area proposed for Geelstert 2

Location characteristics

» The project is proposed within the Northern Cape Province, which is South Africa’s largest, but least populated

Province.

» The project is proposed within the Khâi-Ma LM and the Namakwa DM.

» The Khâi-Ma LM covers an area of land 15 715km² in extent.

Population characteristics

» The Khâi-Ma LM has a total population of 12 465 with a growth rate of 0.83%.

» In terms of the age structure 22.2% of the population is under 15 years of age, 71.6% of the population falls

between 15 and 64, with 6.2% of the population being over 65.

» The Khâi-Ma LM is male dominated, with males comprising approximately 52.6% of the LM population, while the

Namakwa DM is female dominated, with females comprising approximately 50.3% of the DM population.

» Coloureds comprise the predominant population group within the Khâi-Ma LM and Namakwa DM.

» Within the Khâi-Ma LM 88.1% of the population is coloured, 2.7% is black African, 8.1% is white and 0.9% is

Indian/Asian.

» The dominant language spoken in the Khâi-Ma LM is Afrikaans at 96.6%. The remaining spoken languages in the

area include English (0.8%), IsiXhosa (0.9%), IsiZulu (0.2%), Setswana (0.6%) and others (0.8%).

» The Khâi-Ma LM, Namakwa DM, Northern Cape provincial, and South African national population age structures

are all youth dominated. A considerable proportion of the respective populations therefore comprise individuals

within the economically active population between the ages of 15 and 64 years of age.

Economic, education and household characteristics

» The Khâi-Ma LM has a dependency ratio of 39.6, which correlates to some extent with the Namakwa DM (47.1),

Northern Cape Province (35.8), and South Africa (34.5).

» Education levels within the Khâi-Ma LM are low with approximately 22.2% of the population over 20 years of age

not having completed Grade 12 / Matric. This means that the majority of the population can be expected to

have a relatively low-skill level and would either require employment in low-skill sectors, or skills development

opportunities in order to improve the skills level of the area.

» The unemployment rate of the Khâi-Ma LM is high which places strain on the municipal services delivery as people

cannot afford to pay for municipal services. In 2011 it was found that 77% of residents receive subsidies from

government for their basic services. The unemployment rate of the Namakwa DM is 20.1%.

» In 2011, the unemployment rate was highest across the Northern Cape at 27.4% and lowest across the Namakwa

DM at 20.1%. The Khâi-Ma LM had an unemployment rate of 22.1% over the same period. Regarding youth

unemployment, at 34.5%, it is highest across the Province and lowest within the Khâi-Ma LM at a rate of 23.6%.

» The Namakwa DM has approximately 40% females as household heads and approximately 62% male household

heads while having around 0.25% household heads under the age of 18.

4 While information was derived from the Local Government Handbook South Africa 2019, Northern Cape PSDF, Namakwa DM and

Khâi-Ma LM IDP, these sources largely make use of statistical information derived from the Census 2011. The information presented in

this Chapter may therefore be somewhat outdated, but is considered sufficient for the purposes of this assessment (i.e. to provide an

overview of the socio-economic characteristics against which impacts can be identified and their significance assessed).


SIA Report Page 25

» The primary economic activities within the Khâi-Ma LM comprise agriculture, tourism, community, social and

personal services.

» The majority of households within the Khâi-Ma LM comprise formal dwellings (92.4%) and the average household

size is 3.

Services

» Two hospitals are available within the Namakwa DM which includes the Abraham Esau Hospital in Calvinia and

the Dr Van Niekerk Hospital in Springbok. No hospitals are located within the Khâi-Ma LM.

» The majority of households within the Khâi-Ma LM are well serviced with regards to flush toilets connected to

sewage, refuse removal, piped water and electricity, with the LM often exhibiting similar levels of service provision

than that of the Namakwa DM.


SIA Report Page 26

5. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

This Chapter provides a detailed description and assessment of the potential social impacts that have been

identified for the detailed design and construction, operation, and decommissioning phases of Geelstert 2.

A facility layout has been provided by the applicant for consideration as part of the Basic Assessment

process and is considered within the SIA. The layout provides an indication of the facility infrastructure

proposed within the development footprint (Figure 5.1).

Through the undertaking of this Social Impact Assessment for the development of Geelstert 2, the current

status quo of the area from a social and land use perspective, as well as previous studies within the broader

study area, was considered in order to provide an indication of the pre-construction environment and aid

in the identification of positive and negative social impacts expected to occur. This assessment considered

the following points:

» The location of the development area in relation to immediately adjacent and surrounding social

features or receptors that may be affected.

» The nature, extent and significance of the features within the social landscape being considered.

» The existing disturbance already present within the social landscape (i.e. current land use activities and

industrial developments).

Social impacts are expected to occur during both the construction and operation phases of Geelstert 2.

The status of the impacts will be either positive or negative and either mitigation or enhancement measures

are recommended for the management of the impacts depending on the status of the impacts.

As part of this Social Impact Assessment, the comments and responses reports and Social Impact

Assessments of the following previous projects (undertaken within the same affected property and includes

the development of the same proposed technology (i.e. PV)) were consulted to obtain a better

understanding of the potential social impacts expected with the development of the proposed project:

» Aggeneys 1 Solar PV Facility, Northern Cape Province – DEA Ref.: 14/12/16/3/3/1/2019; and

» Aggeneys 2 Solar PV Facility, Northern Cape Province – DEA Ref.: 14/12/16/3/3/1/2020.

Refer to Section 2.2 on the approach followed in terms of identification of social impacts and the use of

existing information previously collected in the area for this SIA report.

The following main issues were raised in the comments and responses reports and Social Impact Assessment

Reports of the previous projects (as listed above) and have been considered as part of the social impact

assessment for Geelstert 2:

» Annoyance, dust and noise.

» Increase in crime and safety concerns.

» Increased risk of HIV and AIDS.

» Influx of construction workers and job seekers.

» Hazard exposure.

» Disruption of daily living patters.


SIA Report Page 27

» Disruption of services supplied and infrastructure.

» Positive economic impacts, including employment opportunities and stimulation of the economy.

» Transformation of the sense of place.

» Cumulative impacts.

The impacts identified above as part of the previous Environmental Impact Assessment processes have been

considered as part of the social construction and operation phase impacts for the development of

Geelstert 2.

5.1 Consideration of project specific alternatives

No alternatives have been identified for the development of Geelstert 2.

5.2 Social Impacts during the Construction Phase

The majority of social impacts associated with the project are anticipated to occur during the construction

phase of development, and are typical of the type of social impacts generally associated with construction

activities. These impacts will be temporary and short-term (12-18 months), but could have long-term effects

on the surrounding social environment if not planned or managed appropriately. It is therefore necessary

that the detailed design phase be conducted in such a manner so as not to result in permanent social

negative impacts associated with the ill-placement of project components and associated infrastructure or

result in the mis-management of the construction phase activities. Positive social impacts also need to be

enhanced within the area during the construction phase in order for the area to absorb the social benefits

and associated upliftment.

The positive and negative social impacts identified and assessed for the construction phase include:

» Direct and indirect employment opportunities

» Economic multiplier effects

» Influx of jobseekers and change in population

» Safety and security impacts

» Impacts on daily living and movement patterns

» Nuisance impacts, including noise and dust

» Visual impacts and sense of place impacts


SIA Report Page 28

Figure 5.1: Facility layout of Geelstert 2 illustrating all infrastructure associated with the project.


SIA Report Page 29

Table 5.1: Impact assessment on direct and indirect employment opportunities

Nature: The creation of direct and indirect employment opportunities during the construction phase of the project.

It is anticipated that the construction of Geelstert 2 will result in the creation of approximately 400 employment

opportunities at the peak of construction, comprising a mixture of skilled (15%), semi-skilled (25%), and low-skilled (60%)

opportunities. Employment opportunities generated as a result of the project will be temporary in nature, and will last

for the duration of the construction period (i.e. 12-18 months). The majority of the general labour force will, as far as

possible, be sourced from the local labour pool, providing employment opportunities to residents of communities

surrounding the project (where the required skill sets are available). Where relevant skills are unavailable from the

local labour pool, these would need to be sought elsewhere. The injection of income into the area in the form of

wages will represent an opportunity for the local economy and businesses in the area.

A number of indirect employment opportunities will also be created. Indirect employment opportunities will

predominantly be created in the service industry, through the opportunity for the provision of secondary services to

the construction team. Services may include, but are not limited to, accommodation, transportation, catering, and

laundry services.

Skills development will also be undertaken as part of the construction phase. The skills development will broaden the

skills of employees associated with the project and enable possible future opportunities where these become

available.

Without enhancement With enhancement

Extent Local- Regional (3) Local- Regional (3)

Duration Short term (2) Short term (2)

Magnitude Low (4) Moderate (6)

Probability Highly probable (4) Highly probable (4)

Significance Medium (36) Medium (44)

Status (positive or negative) Positive Positive

Reversibility N/A N/A

Irreplaceable loss of resources? No

Can impacts be mitigated? Yes (enhanced)

Enhancement:

» A local employment policy must be adopted to maximise opportunities made available to the local labour force.

» Labour must be sourced from the local labour pool where possible. If the necessary skills are unavailable, labour

should be sourced from (in order of preference) the greater Khâi-Ma LM, Namakwa DM, Northern Cape Province,

South Africa, or elsewhere. Where required, training and skills development programmes must be initiated prior

to the commencement of the construction phase.

» Labour force suppliers must as far as possible be sourced locally.

» Where feasible local suppliers and contractors, that are compliant with Broad-Based Black Economic

Empowerment (B-BBEE) criteria, must be used as far as possible to ensure that the benefits resulting from the

project accrue as far as possible to the local communities which are also likely to be most significantly impacted

/ affected by the project.

» The recruitment selection process must seek to promote gender equality and the employment of women

wherever possible.

» Proof of skills development must be provided to the upskilled individual.

Residual impacts:

» Improved pool of skills and experience in the local area.

» Improved overall quality of life.

» Economic growth for small-scale entrepreneurs.


SIA Report Page 30

Table 5.2: Economic multiplier effects impact assessment

Nature: Significance of the impact from the economic multiplier effects from the use of local goods and services.

There are likely to be opportunities for local businesses and service providers to provide services and materials for, and

in doing so benefit from the construction phase of the proposed project. Off-site accommodation in the nearest town

(Aggeneys), and smaller settlements, may be required for contract workers and certain employees. The economic

multiplier effects from the use of local goods and services will include, but is not limited to, construction materials and

equipment, and workforce essentials such as catering, trade clothing, safety equipment, accommodation,

transportation and other goods.

In terms of business opportunities for local companies, expenditure during the construction phase will create business

opportunities for the regional and local economy. The increase in demand for new materials and services in the

nearby area may stimulate local business and local economic development. There is likely to be a direct increase in

industry and indirect increase in secondary businesses where gaps in the market open up.


Extent Local- Regional (3) Local- Regional (3)


Magnitude Minor (2) Low (4)

Probability Probable (3) Highly Probable (4)

Significance Low (21) Medium (36)


Reversibility N/A N/A



Enhancement:

» A local procurement policy must be adopted to maximise the benefit to the local economy and the existing local

SMMEs.

» A database of local companies, specifically Historically Disadvantaged Individuals (HDIs) which qualify as

potential service providers (e.g. construction companies, security companies, catering companies, waste

collection companies, transportation companies etc.) must be created and companies listed thereon must be

invited to bid for project-related work where applicable.

» Local procurement must be encouraged along with engagement with local authorities and business

organisations to investigate the possibility of procurement of construction materials, goods and products from

local suppliers where feasible.

Residual impacts:

» Improved local service sector, growth in local business.

Table 5.3: Assessment of impacts from an influx of jobseekers and change in population in the study area

Nature: In-migration of labourers in search of employment opportunities, and a resultant change in population, and

increase in pressure on local resources and social networks, or existing services and infrastructure.

An influx of people looking for employment or other economic opportunities could result in increased pressure being

placed on economic and social infrastructure, and a change in the local population. Population change refers to

the size, structure, density as well as demographic profile of the local community.


SIA Report Page 31

An influx of jobseekers into an area, could lead to a temporary increase in the level of crime, cause social disruption

(including an increase in HIV and AIDS and unwanted pregnancies) and put pressure on basic services. This includes

municipal services such as sanitation, electricity, water, waste management, health facilities, transportation and the

availability of housing. It could also potentially create conflict between locals and outsiders due to potential

differences in racial, cultural and ethnic composition. A further negative impact that could result due to an influx of

jobseekers into an area is an increase in unemployment levels due to an oversupply of available workforce,

particularly with respect to semi- and unskilled workers.

Without mitigation With mitigation

Extent Local (2) Local (2)

Duration Short-term (2) Short-term (2)

Magnitude Low (4) Minor (2)

Probability Probable (3) Probable (3)

Significance Low (24) Low (18)

Status (positive or negative) Negative Negative

Reversibility Reversible


Can impacts be mitigated? Yes

Mitigation:

» Develop and implement a recruitment protocol in consultation with the municipality and local community

leaders. Ensure that the procedures for applications for employment are clearly communicated.

» Develop and implement a local procurement policy which prioritises “locals first” to prevent the movement of

people into the area in search of work.

» Engage with local community representatives prior to construction to facilitate the adoption of the “locals first”

procurement policy.

» Provide transportation for workers (from towns such as Aggeneys and others) to ensure workers can easily access

their place of employment and do not need to move closer to the site.

» Compile and implement a grievance mechanism.

» Appoint a Community Liaison Officer (CLO) to assist with the procurement of local labour.

» Prevent the recruitment of workers at the site.

» Implement a method of communication whereby procedures to lodge complaints are set out in order for the

local community to express any complaints or grievances with the construction process.

» Establish clear rules and regulations for access to the proposed site.

» Appoint a security company and implement appropriate security procedures to ensure that workers do not

remain onsite after working hours.

» Inform local community organisations and policing forums of construction activities and times and the duration

of the construction phase.

Residual impacts:

» Possibility of outside workers remaining in the area after construction is completed and subsequent pressures on

local infrastructure, resources and services.

Table 5.4: Assessment of safety and security impacts

Nature: Temporary increase in safety and security concerns associated with the influx of people during the

construction phase.

The commencement of construction activities can be associated with an increase in crime within an area. The

perceived loss of security during the construction phase of a project due to an influx of workers and / or outsiders to

the area (as in-migration of newcomers, construction workers or jobseekers are usually associated with an increase in

crime), may have indirect effects such as increased safety and security concerns for neighbouring properties,

damage to property, increased risk of veld fire, stock theft, poaching, crime and so forth.


SIA Report Page 32

The labour force will not permanently reside within the area, or have any reason to be on-site after hours.




Magnitude High (8) Moderate (6)

Probability Probable (3) Improbable (2)

Significance Medium (36) Low (20)





Mitigation:

» Working hours must be kept within daylight hours during the construction phase.

» Employees must be easily identifiable and must adhere to the security rules of the site.

» Provide transportation for workers (from towns such as Aggeneys and others) to ensure workers do not need to

move closer to the site.

» The perimeter of the construction site must be appropriately secured to prevent any unauthorised access to the

site. The fencing of the site must be maintained throughout the construction and operation phases.

» The appointed EPC contractor must appoint a security company and implement appropriate security procedures

and measures.

» Access in and out of the construction site must be strictly controlled by a security company appointed for the

project.

» A Community Liaison Officer (CLO) must be appointed to implement a grievance mechanism. A communication

protocol must be implemented whereby procedures to lodge complaints are set out in order for the local

community to express any complaints or grievances with the construction process.

» A stakeholder management plan must be implemented by the EPC contractor to address neighbouring farmer

concerns regarding safety and security.

Residual impacts:

» Residual impacts related to losses through crime and lasting damage to properties.

Table 5.5: Assessment of impacts on daily living and movement patterns.

Nature: Temporary increase in traffic disruptions and movement patterns during the construction phase.

Project components and equipment will be transported to site using road transport. The N14 national road provides

the primary access to the study area, while the development area itself can be accessed via the Loop 10 and

Gamoep gravel roads. The mines and local farmers utilise the gravel access roads to access their farms/operations

and the surrounding areas.

Increased traffic due to construction vehicles could cause disruptions to the local community and increase safety

hazards. The use of local roads and transport systems may cause road deterioration and congestion. This impact

could be magnified since roads of a gravel nature are not necessarily designed to carry heavy traffic and are prone

to erosion, however the mines do make use of the gravel roads including the use of heavy vehicles. Noise, vibrations,

dust and visual pollution from heavy vehicle traffic during the construction phase could also negatively impact local

residents and road users.

Where specific land use activities are being undertaken on affected and adjacent properties, these may be

impacted. This could impact land use of portions of the affected property for agricultural activities (i.e. grazing), as


SIA Report Page 33

well as affected and surrounding landowners which use their properties for livestock grazing, game farming and

mining activities.


Extent Local-Regional (3) Local (2)


Magnitude Moderate (6) Low (4)

Probability Probable (3) Probable (3)






Mitigation:

» Working hours must preferably be restricted to daylight hours during the construction phase. Where deviation of

the working hours is required it must be approved by the relevant authorities and surrounding landowners must

be notified.

» All vehicles must be road worthy and drivers must be licensed, obey traffic rules, follow speed limits and made

aware of the potential road safety issues.

» Construction vehicles should be inspected regularly by the EPC contractor to ensure their road worthiness.

» Adequate and strategically placed traffic warning signs and control measures must be implemented along the

N14 and gravel access roads (including the Loop 10 and Gamoep gravel roads) to warn road users of the

construction activities taking place for the duration of the construction phase. Warning signs must be visible at all

times, and especially at night. Signage must be maintained throughout the construction phase.

» Implement penalties for reckless driving as a way to enforce compliance to traffic rules.

» Avoid heavy vehicle activity through residential areas during “peak” hours (when children are taken to school,

people driving to work, etc.).

» The developer and EPC contractor must ensure that all fencing along access roads is maintained in the present

condition or repaired if disturbed or damaged due to construction activities.

» The developer and EPC Contractor must ensure that the roads utilised for construction activities are either

maintained in the present condition or upgraded if damaged (i.e. wear and tear) due to construction activities.

» A protocol communication must be implemented whereby procedures to lodge complaints are set out in order

for the local community to express any complaints or grievances with the construction process.

» Communication channels between the affected and surrounding landowners and the EPC contractor must be

established.

» Undertake information sessions with the surrounding communities prior to construction in order to ensure that

communities are fully informed of the project to be developed in its final form. This must be undertaken through

the appointment of a Community Liaison Officer (CLO).

Residual impacts:

» None anticipated.

Table 5.6: Assessment of nuisance impacts (noise and dust)

Nature: Nuisance impacts in terms of temporary increase in noise and dust.

Nuisance impacts associated with construction related activities include noise, dust, and possible disruption to

adjacent properties and the land use activities being undertaken on the adjacent properties at the time of

construction.

Site clearing activities increase the risk of dust and noise being generated, which can in turn negatively impact on

adjacent properties, especially where noise sensitive land use activities are being undertaken. The movement of


SIA Report Page 34

heavy construction vehicles and construction activities (including the operation of equipment) also have the potential

to create noise in the development area, as well as along the N14 national road, and the Loop 10 and Gamoep

gravel roads. The primary sources of noise during construction would be from construction equipment, vehicle and

truck traffic. Noise levels can be audible over a large distance although are generally short in duration.

Dust would be generated from construction activities as well as trucks / vehicles driving on gravel access roads. This

impact will negatively impact sensitive receptors within the vicinity of the construction activities. The impact of noise

and dust on sensitive receptors can be reduced through the application of appropriate mitigation measures.




Magnitude High (8) Low (4)

Probability Highly probable (4) Probable (3)






Mitigation:

» The movement of heavy vehicles associated with the construction phase through populated areas must be timed

to avoid weekends, public holidays and holiday periods, where feasible.

» Dust suppression measures must be implemented for heavy vehicles such as wetting of gravel roads on a regular

basis and ensuring that vehicles used to transport sand and building materials are fitted with tarpaulins or covers.

» A speed limit of 45km/hr must be implemented on gravel roads. Should the speed limit be exceeded appropriate

action must be taken against the offender of the rules.

» Ensure all vehicles are road worthy, drivers are licensed and are made aware of the potential noise and dust

issues.

» A CLO must be appointed. A method of communication must be implemented whereby procedures to lodge

complaints are set out in order for the local community to express any complaints or grievances with the

construction process.

Residual impacts:

» Residual damage from construction activities.

Table 5.7: Assessment of visual impacts and impacts on the sense of place and landscape character

Nature: Intrusion impacts from construction activities will have an impact on the area’s “sense of place”.

Intrusion impacts such as aesthetic pollution (i.e. building materials, construction vehicles, etc.), noise and light

pollution will impact the “sense of place” for the local community and the surrounding landowners, specifically where

land use activities sensitive to visual impacts and impacts on the “sense of place” are undertaken.

Construction related activities have the potential to negatively impact a local area’s “sense of place”, as well as the

landscape character. Such an impact is likely to be present during the construction phase. It is however expected

that the project will mostly affect areas and receptors that have already been exposed to other industrial

infrastructure associated with the existing mining activities (i.e. for which the sense of place has already been altered).

Given the location of Geelstert 2 on a private property, within an area characterised as having a low population

density, and given the project’s location to existing mining activities and associated infrastructure the visual impact,

change in landscape character and impact on the area’s sense of place, from a social perspective, is anticipated

to be of a low significance.


SIA Report Page 35

The identification of the significance of the impact on sense of place for the construction phase was undertaken

through the consideration of the Visual Impact Assessment (Environmental Planning and Design, 2020) undertaken for

the project. The visual impact is expected to be of a low significance from a visual perspective due to the relatively

low viewer incidence in close proximity to the project. The Visual Impact Assessment has informed the visual impact

from a social perspective.




Magnitude Minor (2) Small (0)

Probability Improbable (2) Improbable (2)






Mitigation:

» Limit noise generating activities to daylight working hours and avoid weekends and public holidays.

» The movement of heavy vehicles associated with the construction phase must be timed to avoid weekends,

public holidays and holiday periods where feasible.

» Dust suppression measures must be implemented for heavy vehicles such as wetting of gravel roads on a regular

basis and ensuring that vehicles used to transport sand and building materials are fitted with tarpaulins or covers.

» All vehicles must be road-worthy and drivers must be licensed and made aware of the potential road safety issues

and need for strict speed limits.

» Communication, complaints and grievance channels must be implemented and contact details of the CLO must

be provided to the local community in the study area.

» Ensure proper management and tidiness of the construction site.

» Implement the relevant mitigation measures as recommended in the Visual Impact Assessment.

Residual impacts:

» None anticipated.

5.3 Social impacts during the Operation Phase

Geelstert 2 is anticipated to operate for a minimum of 20 years during daylight, 7 days a week. While the

solar facility will be largely self-sufficient, monitoring and periodic maintenance activities will be required

during the operation phase.

The potential positive and negative social impacts that could arise as a result of the operation of the

proposed project include the following:

» Direct and indirect employment opportunities

» Development of non-polluting renewable energy infrastructure

» Contribution to Local Economic Development (LED)and social upliftment

» Visual impact and sense of place impacts

» Impacts associated with the loss of agricultural land


SIA Report Page 36

Table 5.8: Employment opportunities and skills development

Nature: The creation of employment opportunities and skills development opportunities during the operation phase

for the country and local economy.

During the operation phase, it is expected that approximately 60 full-time employment opportunities will be available,

depending on the operational requirements of the facility. These employment opportunities will include low-skilled

(70%), semi-skilled (25%) and skilled (5%) opportunities. The employment opportunities generated as a result of the

project will be long term and will last for the duration of operation (i.e. approximately 20 years). None of the

employees appointed during the operation phase will be housed on-site. In addition to the direct employment

opportunities it is anticipated that additional, however limited, indirect employment opportunities will be generated

during the operation of the project.



Duration Long term (4) Long term (4)

Magnitude Small (0) Minor (1)

Probability Highly probable(4) Highly probable (4)



Reversibility N/A


Can impacts be mitigated? Yes (enhance)

Enhancement:

» A local employment policy must be adopted to maximise the opportunities made available to the local

community.

» The recruitment selection process must seek to promote gender equality and the employment of women

wherever possible.

» Vocational training programs must be established to promote the development of skills of the employees.

» Proof of skills development must be provided to the upskilled individuals.

Residual impacts:


Table 5.9: Assessment of the development of non-polluting, renewable energy infrastructure

Nature: Development of non-polluting, renewable energy infrastructure.

South Africa currently relies predominantly on coal-generated electricity and as a result, the country’s carbon

emissions are considerably higher than those of most developing countries. The use of solar technology for power

generation is considered a non-consumptive use of a natural resource which produces zero greenhouse gas emissions

during its operation. The generation of renewable energy (RE) utilising solar power will contribute positively to South

Africa’s electricity market. Given South Africa’s reliance on Eskom as a power utility, the benefits associated with

provision of electricity by an IPP are regarded as an important contribution, and the advancement of RE has been

identified as a priority for South Africa.

Increasing the contribution of the RE sector to the local economy would contribute to the diversification of the local

economy and provide greater economic stability. The growth in the RE sector as a whole could introduce new skills

and development into the area. This is especially true with regards to solar power specifically considering the number

of other solar power projects proposed and operational within the broader area.


SIA Report Page 37

The development of RE projects have the potential to contribute to the stability of the economy, and could contribute

to the local economy through employment generation (direct, indirect, and local service providers) and revenue

generation for the LM. While the overall contribution of the project to South Africa’s total energy requirements is small,

the facility will also contribute towards offsetting the total carbon emissions associated with energy generation in South

Africa. It should however be noted that such a benefit is associated with all RE projects and not only solar power

projects in particular.


Extent Local- Regional- National (4) N/A

Duration Long term (4) N/A

Magnitude Low (4) N/A

Probability Highly probable (4) N/A

Significance Medium (48) N/A

Status (positive or negative) Positive N/A

Reversibility Yes

Irreplaceable loss of resources? Yes (impact of climate change)

Can impacts be mitigated? No

Mitigation/Enhancement:

» None required.

Residual impacts:

» Reduce carbon emissions through the use of renewable energy and contribute to reducing global warming.

Table 5.10: Assessment of the contribution to Local Economic Development (LED) and social upliftment

Nature: Contribution to LED and social upliftment during the operation of the project.

Projects which form part of the DMRE’s REIPPP Programme are required as part of their bidding requirements to

contribute towards LED and social upliftment initiatives within the area in which they are proposed. In addition, they

are required to spend a percentage of their revenue on socio-economic and enterprise development, as well as

allocate ownership shares to local communities that benefit previously disadvantaged communities around the

project. A portion of the dividends generated by each development also need to be invested into LED projects and

programmes. Geelstert 2 therefore has the potential to contribute positively towards socio-economic development

and improvements within the local area.

Socio-economic spin-offs from the project could contribute towards upliftment of the surrounding communities. An

in-depth Community Needs Assessment (CNA) is required to ensure that the beneficiary community’s needs are

understood and sufficiently addressed by the proposed development programmes in order to contribute

meaningfully towards local economic growth and development.


Extent Local-Regional (3) Local-Regional (3)



Probability Highly probable (4) Definite (5)

Significance Medium (44) High (65)


Reversibility N/A



SIA Report Page 38

Can impacts be mitigated? Yes (enhance)

Enhancement:

» A CNA must be conducted to ensure that the LED and social upliftment programmes proposed by the project

are meaningful.

» Ongoing communication and reporting is required to ensure that maximum benefit is obtained from the

programmes identified, and to prevent the possibility for such programmes to be misused.

» The programmes must be reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure that they are best suited to the needs of the

community at the time (bearing in mind that these are likely to change over time).

Residual impacts:

» Social upliftment of the local communities through the development and operation of the project.

Table 5.11: Assessment of the visual impact and impacts on sense of place

Nature: Visual impacts and sense of place impacts associated with the operation phase of Geelstert 2.

An area’s sense of place is created through the interaction of various characteristics of the environment, including

atmosphere, visual resources, aesthetics, climate, lifestyle, culture, and heritage. An area’s sense of place is however

subjective and largely dependent on the demographics of the population residing within the area and their

perceptions regarding trade-offs. For example, while some individuals may prefer not to see any form of infrastructure

development, others may be interested in large-scale infrastructure, or engineering projects, and operation of the

facility, and consider the impact to be less significant. Such a scenario may especially be true given that the project

comprises a renewable energy project, and could therefore be seen as benefitting the local environment, when

compared to non-renewable energy generation projects.

An impact on the sense of place is one that alters the visual landscape to such an extent that the user experiences

the environment differently, and more specifically, in a less appealing or less positive light. The social impacts

associated with the impact on sense of place relate to the change in the landscape character and visual impact of

Geelstert 2. Given the location of Geelstert 2 on a private property, within an area characterised as having a low

population density, and given the project’s location within close proximity to existing mining activities and the

associated infrastructure, the visual impact and impact on the area’s sense of place associated with the operation

of Geelstert 2 is anticipated to be of a low significance from a social perspective. The alteration of the sense of place

in view of the local residents and road users will start during the construction phase and remain for the project’s

operational lifetime.

The identification of the significance of the impact on sense of place for the operation phase was undertaken through

the consideration of the Visual Impact Assessment (Environmental Planning and Design, 2020) undertaken for the

project. The visual impact is expected to be of a low significance from a visual perspective due to the relatively low

viewer incidence in close proximity to the project. The Visual Impact Assessment has informed the visual impact from

a social perspective.



Duration Long-term (4) Long-term (4)

Magnitude Low (4) Minor (2)

Probability Improbable (2) Improbable (2)



Reversibility Yes



SIA Report Page 39


Mitigation:

» Maintain and manage the facility to be in a good and neat condition to ensure that no degradation of the area

and site takes place and impacts the visual quality of the area.

» Implement the relevant mitigation measures as recommended in the Visual Impact Assessment for the change in

character and sense of place and landscape character.

Residual impacts:

» The visual impact of Geelstert 2 will remain until the infrastructure is completely decommissioned and removed.

Thereafter the impact will be removed.

Table 5.122: Assessment on the loss of agricultural land and overall productivity

Nature: Loss of agricultural land and overall productivity as a result of the operation of the proposed project on an

agricultural property.

The development area of Geelstert 2 is located on deep, sandy soils which are red and structureless with occasional

dunes. In addition, there are no high agricultural potential soils present due to a combination of the sandy textures

leading to rapid water infiltration.

The low rainfall in the area means that there is little potential for rain-fed arable agriculture in the area. Arable

production would therefore be possible only by irrigation, and no indications of any irrigated areas is available within

and surrounding the development area.

Considering the agricultural potential of the site, the significance of the impact on the loss of agricultural land will be

low from a social perspective.

The Soils Impact Assessment (ARC, 2020) was considered for the identification of the significance relating to the impact

on loss of agricultural land.


Extent Site (1) Site (1)


Magnitude Minor (2) Small (0)

Probability Probable(3) Probable(3)



Reversibility Reversible Reversible



Mitigation:

» Keep the project footprint as small as possible.

» Implement mitigation measures recommended by the soils specialist.

Residual impacts:

» None expected to occur.

5.4 Cumulative Impacts

The 2014 EIA Regulations (GNR 326) define a cumulative impact as follows:


SIA Report Page 40

“Cumulative impact in relation to an activity, means the past, current and reasonably foreseeable future

impact of an activity, considered together with the impact of activities associated with that activity that in

itself may not be significant, but may become significant when added to the existing and reasonably

foreseeable impacts eventuating from similar or diverse activities.”

Geelstert 2 is proposed within the Springbok Renewable Energy Development Zone (REDZ 8), and is therefore

within close proximity to a number of other proposed, approved, and operational solar facilities (refer to

Table ).

Table 5.13: Other solar energy projects / developments proposed, approved and operational within

proximity of Geelstert 2.

Project Name Location Project Status

ABO Wind Aggeneys 1 (1 x 100MW PV)Within the Remaining Extent of the Farm

Bloemhoek 61

Approved

ABO Wind Aggeneys 2 (1 x 100MW PV)Within the Remaining Extent of the Farm

Bloemhoek 61

Approved

Biotherm Aggeneys PV Solar Energy

Facility (1 x 40MW PV)Within Portion 1 of the Farm Aroams 57

Preferred Bidder Round 4

(Operational)

Biotherm Letsoai (2 x 150MW CSP)Within the Remaining Extent of the Farms

Hartebeest Vlei 86Approved

Biotherm Enamandla (4 x 75MW PV)Within the Remaining Extent of the Farms

Hartebeest Vlei 86Approved

Building Energy Sol Invictus (2 x 150MW

PV and 4 x 75MW PV)Within Portion 5 of the Farm Ou Taaibosmond Approved

PVAfrica Zuurwater (5 x 75MW PV and 1

x 60MW PV)Within Portion 3 of the Farm Zuurwater 62 Approved

Boesmanland Solar (1 x 75MW PV) Within Portion 6 of the Farm Zuurwater 62 Approved

Mainstream (1 x 250MW PV/CPV) Within Portion2 of the Farm Namies South 212 Approved

Black Mountain Mine Solar (1 x 19MW

PV)Within Portion 1 of the Farm Aggeneys 65 Approved

ABO Wind Geelstert 1 ( 1x 125MW PV) Within the Remaining Extent of the Farm

Bloemhoek 61In process

Considering the concentration of solar energy developments within the surrounding area of Geelstert 2, the

potential for cumulative impacts to occur is likely. Potential cumulative impacts identified for the project

include positive impacts on the economy, business development, and employment, as well as negative

impacts such as an influx of jobseekers and change in the areas sense of place.

A cumulative map is included in Figure 5.2.


SIA Report Page 41

Figure 5.2: Cumulative map of Geelstert 2


SIA Report Page 42

5.4.1 Cumulative Impacts associated with Geelstert 2

Table 5.14: Cumulative impacts of employment opportunities, business opportunities and skills developmentNature: An increase in employment opportunities, skills development and business opportunities with the establishment

of more than one solar power facility.

Geelstert 2 and the establishment of other solar power projects within the area has the potential to result in significant

positive cumulative impacts, specifically with regards to the creation of a number of socio-economic opportunities

for the region, which in turn, can result in positive social benefits. The positive cumulative impacts include creation of

employment, skills development and training opportunities, and downstream/spin-off business opportunities. The

cumulative benefits to the local, regional, and national economy through employment and procurement of services

are more considerable than that of Geelstert 2 alone.

Overall impact of the proposed

project considered in isolation

Cumulative impact of the project

and other projects in the area

Extent Local- Regional-National (4) Local- Regional-National (4)



Probability Probable (3) Definite (5)

Significance Medium (36) High (70)


Reversibility N/A

Irreplaceable loss of resources? N/A


Confidence in findings High

Enhancement:

The establishment of a number of solar power projects in the area has the potential to have a positive cumulative

impact on the area in the form of employment opportunities, skills development and business opportunities, where

these opportunities are localised. The positive benefits will be enhanced if local employment policies are adopted

and local services providers are utilised by the developers to maximise the project opportunities available to the local

community.

Residual impacts:


» Improved standard of living through the creation of employment opportunities.

» Economic growth for small-scale entrepreneurs.

Table 5.15: Cumulative impact with large-scale in-migration of people

Nature: Negative impacts and change to the local economy with an in-migration of labourers, businesses and

jobseekers to the area.

While the development of a single solar power project may not result in a major influx of people into the area, the

development of several projects at the same time may have a cumulative impact on the in-migration and movement

of people. Further potential impact related to in-migration of people into the area includes additional pressure on

municipal services and housing, however this impact will need to be addressed in the municipal IDP process and

considerations.

In addition, the fact that the project is proposed within REDZ 8, which has specifically been earmarked for the

development of large scale solar PV energy facilities, implies that the surrounding area is likely to be subject to


SIA Report Page 43

considerable future applications and expansion of solar energy facilities. Levels of unemployment, and the low level

of earning potential may attract individuals to the area in search of better employment opportunities and standards

of living.

It is very difficult to control an influx of people into an area, especially in a country where unemployment rates are

high. It is therefore important that the project proponents implement and maintain strict adherence with a local

employment policy in order to reduce the potential of such an impact occurring.

Overall impact of the proposed project

considered in isolation

Cumulative impact of the project and

other projects in the area

Extent Local (2) Local-Regional (3)


Magnitude Minor (2) Low (4)

Probability Very Improbable (1) Improbable (2)



Reversibility Yes




Mitigation:

» Develop a recruitment policy / process (to be implemented by contractors), which will source labour locally.

» Work together with government agencies to ensure that service provision is in line with the development needs

of the local area.

» Form joint ventures with community organisations, through Trusts, which can provide local communities with

benefits, such as employment opportunities and services.

» Develop and implement a recruitment protocol in consultation with the municipality and local community

leaders. Ensure that the procedures for applications for employment are clearly communicated.

Residual impacts

» Possibility of outside workers remaining in the area after the construction is completed and the subsequent

potential pressures on local infrastructure, services and poverty problems.

Table 5.16: Cumulative impact on the sense of place and landscape character

Nature: Visual impact and impact on the sense of place and landscape character

The location of Geelster 2, within the Springbok REDZ will contribute to the consolidation of infrastructure to this locality

and avoid a potentially scattered proliferation of solar energy generation structures throughout the region. However,

the location of the development within a REDZ reduces the impact on the sense of place from a social perspective

as the area has been identified and established for the development of large scale solar energy facilities.

The identification of the significance of the cumulative impact on sense of place was undertaken through the

consideration of the Visual Impact Assessment (Environmental Planning and Design, 2020) undertaken for the project.

The Visual Impact Assessment identified that the impact on sense of place will be of a medium significance.

Overall impact of the proposed project

considered in isolation

Cumulative impact of the project and

other projects in the area

Extent Local (2) Local-Regional (3)



SIA Report Page 44


Probability Improbable (2) Probable (3)

Significance Low (20) Medium (39)


Reversibility Yes


Can impacts be mitigated? No, only best practice measures can be implemented


Mitigation:

» Maintain and manage the facilities to be in a good and neat condition to ensure that no degradation of the

area and sites takes place and impacts the visual quality of the area.

» Implement the relevant mitigation measures as recommended in the Visual Impact Assessment.

Residual impacts

» The visual impact will remain until the infrastructure is completely decommissioned and removed. Thereafter the

impact will be removed.

Cumulative benefits associated with the development of multiple renewable energy facilities within the area

will be experienced, including employment opportunities, skills development, community upliftment,

business opportunities and the generation of clean energy.

5.4 Decommissioning Phase

Typically, major social impacts associated with the decommissioning phase are linked to the loss of jobs and

associated income and will be similar to the impacts during the construction phase. This has implications for

the households who are directly affected, the communities within which they live, and the relevant local

authorities. However, in the case of Geelstert 2 it is anticipated that the proposed facility will be refurbished

and upgraded to prolong its lifespan, where possible and decommissioning will only take place once the

economic viability of the project has come to an end.

5.5 Assessment of Impacts for the No-Go Option:

The “no-go” alternative is the option of not constructing Geelstert 2. The implementation of Geelstert 2 is

expected to result in a number of positive and negative social impacts. The majority of negative impacts

identified for the project are associated with the construction phase of the project, while the positive impacts

are associated with both the construction and operation phases of the project.

Potential negative social impacts associated with the construction and operation of the project include the

following:

» Potential influx of job seekers and an associated change in population and social structures and increase

in pressure on basic services.

» Potential safety and security impacts.

» Potential impacts on daily living and movement patterns.

» Potential nuisance impacts (noise and dust).

» Potential visual impact and impact on the sense of place.

» Potential loss of agricultural land.


SIA Report Page 45

Potential positive social impacts associated with the construction and operation of the project include the

following:

» Potential direct and indirect employment opportunities.

» Potential economic multiplier effect.

» Development of clean, renewable energy infrastructure.

» Contribution to Local Economic Development (LED) and social upliftment.

The impacts of pursuing the “no-go” alternative can therefore be summarised as follows:

» The benefits would be that there is no disruption from nuisance impacts (noise and dust during

construction), visual impacts and safety and security impacts. The impact is therefore neutral.

» There would also be an opportunity loss in terms of job creation, skills development, community upliftment

and associated economic business opportunities for the local economy. This impact is considered to be

negative.

The option of not developing Geelstert 2 would not compromise the development of renewable energy

facilities in South Africa, however the socio-economic benefits for local communities would be forfeited and

the current status of the social aspects associated with the area will remain as it is currently described in this

report.


SIA Report Page 46

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This SIA focused on the collection of data to provide an understanding of the current social environment

associated with the area within which Geelstert 2 is proposed and identify and assess social issues and

potential social impacts associated with the development of such a project. Secondary data was collected

and presented in a literature review and previous data from previous EIA processes undertaken within the

Study Area (including Social Impact Assessments) were considered to inform the social impacts associated

with the development of Geelstert 2. The environmental assessment framework for assessment of impacts

and the relevant criteria were applied to evaluate the significance of the potential impacts and to

recommend appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures for the identified impacts.

A summary of the potential positive and negative impacts identified for the detailed design and

construction, and operation phases are presented in Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference

source not found.. A summary of the potential positive and negative cumulative social impacts identified

for the project is provided in Error! Reference source not found..

Table 6.1: Summary of potential social impacts identified for the detailed design and construction phase of

Geelstert 2.

Impact Significance Without Mitigation/

Enhancement

Significance With Mitigation/

Enhancement

Positive Impacts

Creation of direct and indirect employment and

skills development opportunities.

Medium (36) Medium (44)

Economic multiplier effects Low (36) Medium (36)

Negative Impacts

In-migration of people (non-local workforce and

jobseekers).

Low (24) Low (18)

Safety and security impacts Medium (36) Low (20)

Impacts on daily living and movement patterns Medium (33) Low (24)

Nuisance impact (noise and dust) Medium (44) Low (21)

Visual, sense of place and general landscape

impacts

Low (10) Low (6)

Table 6.2: Summary of potential social impacts identified for the operation phase of Geelstert 2.

Impact Significance Without Mitigation/

Enhancement

Significance With Mitigation/

Enhancement

Positive Impacts

Direct and indirect employment and skills

development opportunities

Low (24) Low (28)

Development of non-polluting, renewable energy

infrastructure

Medium (48) N/A

Contribution to LED and social upliftment Medium (44) High (65)

Negative Impacts

Visual, sense of place and general landscape

impacts

Low (18) Low (14)

Impacts associated with the loss of agricultural land. Low (21) Low (15)


SIA Report Page 47

Table 6.3: Summary of potential cumulative social impacts identified for Geelstert 2.

Cumulative Impact Overall impact of the proposed

project considered in isolation

Cumulative impact of the

project and other projects in

the area

Positive Cumulative Impacts

Cumulative impact from employment, skills and

business opportunities and skills development

Medium (36) High (70)

Negative Cumulative Impacts

Cumulative impact with large-scale in-migration of

people

Low (8) Low (22)

Cumulative impact on the sense of place and

landscape change

Low (20) Medium (39)

6.1 Key findings and Recommendations

The social impacts identified will be either of a low, medium or high significance. No negative impacts with

a high significance rating have been identified to be associated with the development of Geelstert 2. Only

positive social impacts are considered to be of a high significance. All negative social impacts are within

acceptable limits with no impacts considered as unacceptable from a social perspective. The

recommendations proposed for the project are considered to be appropriate and suitable for the mitigation

of the negative impacts and the enhancement of the positive impacts.

Based on the findings of the social impact assessment, the following recommendations are made:

» A Community Liaison Officer (CLO) must be appointed to assist with the management of social impacts

and to deal with community issues, if feasible.

» Develop and implement a recruitment protocol in consultation with the municipality and local

community leader. Ensure that the procedures for applications for employment are clearly

communicated.

» It is recommended that local labour be sourced, wherever possible, to ensure that benefits accrue to

the local communities. Efforts should be made to involve local businesses during the construction phase

where possible.

» Local procurement of services and equipment is required, where possible, in order to enhance the

multiplier effect.

» Involve the community in the project process as far as possible (encourage co-operative decision

making and partnerships with local entrepreneurs).

» Employ mitigation measures to minimise the dust and noise pollution and damage to existing roads.

» Safety and security risks should be taken into account during the planning / construction phase of the

proposed project. Access control, security and management should be implemented to limit the risk of

crime increasing in the area.

All other recommended mitigation measures provided in this SIA Report must also be adhered to.

6.2 Overall Conclusion


SIA Report Page 48

The proposed project and associated infrastructure will create a number of potential socio-economic

opportunities and benefits and are unlikely to result in permanent damaging social impacts. From a social

perspective it is concluded that the project is acceptable subject to the implementation of the

recommended mitigation and enhancement measures and management actions identified for the project.

The project is also considered to be acceptable from a social perspective considering the location of the

development area within the Springbok REDZ. Considering the findings of the report and potential for

mitigation it is the reasoned opinion of the specialist that the project can be authorised from a social

perspective.


SIA Report Page 49

REFERENCES

ARC. (2020). Soil Impact Assessment Report for the proposed Geelstert 2 Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Development near Aggeneys, Northern cape.

Dr Neville Bews and Associates. (2019). Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Aggeneys 1 100 MW PV

Facility Project, Northern Cape Province

Dr Neville Bews and Associates. (2019). Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Aggeneys 2 100 MW PV

Facility Project, Northern Cape Province

Khâi-Ma Local Municipality. (2019). Khâi-Ma Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan (2017/18 –

2021/22) (Revised 2019/20)

Department of Energy (DoE). (2008). National Energy Act (No. 34 of 2008). Republic of South Africa.

Department of Energy (DoE). (2011). National Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity 2010-2030. Republic

of South Africa.

Department of Energy (DoE). (2003). White Paper on Renewable Energy. Republic of South Africa.

Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA). (1998). National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998

(No. 107 of 1998). Republic of South Africa.

Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA). (2010). National Climate Change Response Green Paper.

Republic of South Africa.

Department of Justice (DoJ). (1996). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996). ISBN

978-0-621-39063-6. Republic of South Africa.

Department of Minerals and Energy (DME). (1998). White Paper on Energy Policy of the Republic of South

Africa. Republic of South Africa.

Environmental Planning and Design. (2020). Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment for the proposed

Geelstert 2 – 125MW Solar PV Facility near Aggeneys in the Northern Cape Province.

International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2007). Stakeholder Engagement: A Good Practice Handbook for

Companies Doing Business in Emerging Markets. International Finance Corporation: Washington.

Interorganizational Committee on Principles and Guidelines for Social Impact Assessment. US Principles and

Guidelines – Principals and guidelines for social impact assessment in the USA. Impact Assessment

and Project Appraisal, 21(3): 231-250.

National Development Agency (NDA). (2014). Beyond 10 years of unlocking potential. Available from:

http://www.nda.org.za/?option=3&id=1&com_id=198 &parent_id= 186&com_task=1

National Planning Commission. (2012). National Development Plan 2030. ISBN: 978-0-621-41180-5. Republic

of South Africa.

Northern Cape Provincial Government. (2012). Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework

(PSDF) 2012.

Northern Cape Provincial Government. (2018). Northern Cape Reviewed Spatial Development Framework

(PSDF) Executive Summary 2018

Savannah Environmental (2019) Basic Assessment for Aggeneys 1 and Associated Infrastructure, Northern

Cape Province.

Savannah Environmental (2019) Basic Assessment for Aggeneys 2 and Associated Infrastructure, Northern

Cape Province.

Statistics South Africa. (2011). Census 2011 Community Profiles Database. Pretoria.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2002). EIA Training Resource Manual. 2nd Ed. UNEP.

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN). (2001). Guidelines for

Stakeholders: Participation in Strategic Environmental Management. New York, NY: United Nations.


SIA Report Page 50

Vanclay, F. (2003). Conceptual and methodological advances in Social Impact Assessment. In Vanclay,

F. & Becker, H.A. 2003. The International Handbook for Social Impact Assessment. Cheltenham:

Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.

Namakwa District Municipality. (2020) Namakwa District Municipality Integrated Development Plan (IDP)

Draft Revision (2020/2021).

APPENDIX A:

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (EMPr)


Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) Page 1

1. Construction Phase

OBJECTIVE: Maximise local employment and skills opportunities associated with the construction phase

Project component/s Construction of the proposed project

Potential Impact Opportunities and benefits associated with the creation of local employment and skills

development to be maximised.

Activity/risk source » Construction procurement practice employed by the Engineering, Procurement and

Construction (EPC) Contractor

» Developers investment plan

Mitigation:

Target/Objective

The developer should aim to employ as many low-skilled and semi-skilled workers from the

local area as possible. This should also be made a requirement for all contractors.

Mitigation: Action/control Responsibility Timeframe

Where feasible local suppliers and contractors, that are compliant

with Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) criteria,

should be used as far as possible to ensure that the benefits resulting

from the project accrue as far as possible to the local communities

which are also likely to be most significantly impacted / affected by

the project.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

Adopt a local employment policy to maximise the opportunities

made available to the local labour force.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

Develop and implement a recruitment protocol in consultation with

the municipality and local community leaders. Ensure that the

procedures for applications for employment are clearly

communicated.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

In the recruitment selection process, a minimum percentage of

women must be employed.

EPC Contractor Pre-construction &

construction phase

Set realistic local recruitment targets for the construction phase. The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

Training and skills development programmes to be initiated prior to

the commencement of the construction phase.

The Proponent Pre-construction &

construction phase

Performance

Indicator

» Implement a business policy document that sets out local employment and targets

completed before the construction phase commences.

» Employ as many local semi-skilled and unskilled labour as possible.

» Training and skills development programme is undertaken prior to the commencement

of construction phase.

Monitoring » The developer and EPC Contractor must keep a record of local recruitments and

information on local labour must be shared with the Environmental Control Officer (ECO)

for reporting purposes.



OBJECTIVE: Maximise the local economic multiplier effect during the construction phase


Potential Impact Potential local economic benefits

Activity/risk source Developers procurement plan

Mitigation:

Target/Objective

Increase the procurement of goods and services especially within the local economy


A local procurement policy must be adopted to maximise the benefit

to the local economy.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

Develop a database of local companies, specifically Historically

Disadvantaged Individuals (HDIs) which qualify as potential service

providers (e.g. construction companies, security companies, catering

companies, waste collection companies, transportation companies

etc.) prior to the tender process and invite them to bid for project-

related work where applicable.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

Source as much goods and services as possible from the local area.

Engage with local authorities and business organisations to

investigate the possibility of procurement of construction materials,

goods and products from local suppliers, where feasible.

The Proponent Pre-construction &

construction phase

Performance Indicator » Local procurement policy is adopted.

» Local goods and services are purchased from local suppliers, where feasible.

Monitoring » The developer must monitor the indicators listed above to ensure that they have been

met during the construction phase

OBJECTIVE: Reduce the pressure on resources, service delivery, infrastructure and social dynamics from a population

change as a result of an increase of construction workers to the area during the construction phase


Potential Impact Population changes resulting in additional pressure on resources, service delivery,

infrastructure maintenance and social dynamics during the construction phase as a result

of an influx of construction workers and job seekers into the area.

Activity/risk source Influx of construction workers and job seekers.

Mitigation:

Target/Objective

To avoid or minimise the potential impact on local infrastructure, services and

communities and their livelihoods.


Implement a grievance and communication system for community

issues.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

Appoint a Community Liaison Officer (CLO).The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase



Performance Indicator » CLO is appointed.

Monitoring » The developer and EPC contractor must monitor the indicators listed above to ensure

that they have been met for the construction phase.

OBJECTIVE: Reduce the pressure on economic and social infrastructure and social conflicts from an influx of

jobseekers during the construction phase


Potential Impact Decline on local economic and social infrastructure and services as well as a rise in social

conflicts from an influx of jobseekers.

Activity/risk source Influx of jobseekers.

Mitigation:

Target/Objective

To avoid or minimise the potential impact on local infrastructure, services and

communities and their livelihoods.


A ‘locals first’ policy must be implemented for employment

opportunities, especially for semi-skilled and low-skilled job categories.

The Proponent & EPC

Contractor

Pre-construction &

construction phase

The tender documentation must stipulate the use of local labour as

far as possible.


construction phase

Inform local community members of the construction schedule and

exact size of workforce (e.g. Ward Councillor, surrounding

landowners).


construction phase

Recruitment of temporary workers on-site must not be permitted. A

recruitment office with a CLO should be established to deal with

jobseekers.


construction phase

Set up labour desk in a secure and suitable area to discourage the

gathering of people at the construction site.


construction phase

Have clear rules and regulations for access to the proposed site.EPC Contractor Pre-construction &

construction phase

All construction workers must be easily identifiable.EPC Contractor Pre-construction &

construction phase

Local community organisations and policing forums must be informed

of construction times and the duration of the construction phase. Also

procedures for the control and removal of loiterers at the construction

site must be established.


Construction phase

A security company must be appointed and appropriate security

procedures must be implemented.


Construction phase

Performance Indicator » Ensure that a ‘locals first’ policy is adopted.

» Ensure no recruitment takes place on-site.

» Control/removal of loiters.

Monitoring » The developer must keep a record of local recruitments and information on local

labour to be shared with the ECO for reporting purposes



OBJECTIVE: To avoid or reduce traffic disruptions and movement patterns of the local community during the

construction phase


Potential Impact Increase in traffic disruptions, safety hazards, and impacts on movement patterns of the

local community as well as an impact on private property due to the use of the existing

roads and heavy vehicle traffic in the local area.

Activity/risk source Construction activities affecting daily living and movement patterns.

Mitigation:

Target/Objective

To avoid or minimise the potential impact on local communities and their livelihoods.


Working hours must be kept during daylight hours as per the Environment

Conservation Act (No. 73 of 1989) (ECA) during the construction phase,

and / or as any deviation that is approved by the relevant authorities.

EPC Contractor Construction phase

All vehicles must be road worthy and drivers must be licensed, obey

traffic rules, follow speed limits and be made aware of potential road

safety issues.


Construction phase

Heavy vehicles must be inspected regularly to ensure their road safety

worthiness. Records pertaining to this must be maintained and made

available for inspection as necessary.


Adequate traffic warning signs and control measures (including speed

limits) must be implemented along access roads to warn road users of

the construction activities taking place for the duration of the

construction phase. Ensure that all signage is visible at all times

(especially at night) and must be maintained throughout the

construction phase.


Implement penalties for drivers of heavy vehicles for reckless driving or

speeding as a way to enforce compliance to traffic rules.


Infrastructure such as fencing and gates along access routes must be

maintained in the present condition or repaired if disturbed or damaged

due to construction activities.

EPC contractor Construction phase

Ensure that roads utilised are either maintained in the present condition

or restored if damaged due to construction activities.


A CLO should be appointed and a grievance mechanism implemented.

A communication protocol should be implemented whereby

procedures to lodge complaints are set out in order for the local

community to express any complaints or grievances with the

construction process.


Construction phase

Performance Indicator » Vehicles are roadworthy, inspected regularly and speed limits are adhered to.

» Ensure that there are traffic warning signs along access roads, and ensure that these

are well illuminated (especially at night).

» Roads and electric fencing are maintained or improved upon if disturbed from

project activities.

» A CLO is appointed for the project.



Monitoring » The developer and EPC Contractor must monitor the indicators listed above to ensure

that they have been met for the construction phase.

OBJECTIVE: To avoid or minimise the potential intrusion impacts such as noise, dust, aesthetic pollution and light

pollution during the construction phase


Potential Impact Intrusion impacts could impact the area’s “sense of place” and heavy vehicles and

construction activities can generate noise and dust.

Activity/risk source Construction activities

Mitigation:

Target/Objective

To avoid or minimise the potential intrusion impacts such as aesthetic pollution, noise, dust

and light pollution during the construction phase


Limit noise generating activities to daylight working hours and avoid

undertaking construction activities on weekends and public holidays.


The movement of heavy vehicles associated with the construction phase

through populated areas should be timed to avoid weekends, public

holidays and holiday periods where feasible.


Dust suppression measures must be implemented for heavy vehicles such

as the wetting of gravel roads on a regular basis and ensuring that

vehicles used to transport building materials are fitted with tarpaulins or

covers.


All vehicles must be road-worthy and drivers must be licensed and made

aware of the potential road safety issues and the need for strict speed

limits.


Communication, complaints and grievance channels must be

implemented and contact details of the CLO are to be provided to the

local community and affected and adjacent landowners.


Ensure that noise generated by machinery is within acceptable limits and

implement silencers where required.


Ensure that the construction site is kept clean and is maintained within a

good condition which includes the removal of waste as and when

required.


Ensure that the lighting used does not spill into the adjacent surrounding

areas.


Ensure that damage caused by construction related traffic / project

activities to the existing roads is repaired before the completion of the

construction phase.


A speed limit of 45km/hr should be implemented on gravel roads. EPC Contractor Construction phase

Performance Indicator » Limit noise generating activities.

» Dust suppression measures implemented for all heavy vehicles that require such

measures during the construction phase.

» Enforcement of strict speeding limits.



» CLO available for community grievances and communication channel.

» Road worthy certificates are in place for all vehicles.

Monitoring » The EPC contractor must monitor the indicators to ensure that they have been met

for the construction phase

OBJECTIVE: To avoid or reduce the possibility of the increase in crime and safety and security issues during the

construction phase


Potential Impact Increase in crime due to influx of non-local workforce and job seekers into the area.

Activity/risk source Safety and security risks associated with construction activities.

Mitigation:

Target/ObjectiveTo avoid or minimise the potential impact on local communities and their livelihoods.


Working hours to be restricted to daylight hours as per the ECA during the

construction phase, and / or as any deviation that is approved by the

relevant authorities.


Employees should be easily identifiable and must adhere to the security

rules of the project site.


Construction phase

The perimeter of the construction site is to be appropriately secured to

prevent any unauthorised access to the site. The fencing of the site is to

be maintained throughout the construction period.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

Construction phase

Local community organisations and policing forums must be informed of

construction times and the duration of the construction phase.

The Proponent &

EPC Contractor

Pre-construction &

Construction phase

Access in and out of the construction site should be strictly controlled by

a security company.

EPC Contractor Construction Phase

A security company is to be appointed and appropriate security

procedures are to be implemented.


No unauthorised entry to the construction site is to be allowed. Access

control is to be implemented.


Open fires on the construction site for heating, smoking or cooking are

not allowed, except in designated areas.


The contractor must provide adequate firefighting equipment on site

and provide firefighting training to selected construction staff.


Construction phase

A comprehensive employee induction programme must be developed

and utilised to cover land access protocols, fire management and road

safety.


Construction phase

Have designated personnel trained in first aid on site to deal with smaller

incidents that require medical attention


construction phase

Performance

Indicator

» Employee induction programme, covering land access protocols, fire management and

road safety

» The construction site is appropriately secured with a controlled access system



» Ensure a security company is appointed and appropriate security procedures and

measures are implemented

Monitoring » The developer and EPC contractor must monitor the indicators listed above to ensure

that they have been met for the construction phase

2. Operation Phase

OBJECTIVE: Maximise local employment and skills opportunities associated with the operation phase of the project

Project component/s Operation and maintenance of the proposed project.

Potential Impact Loss of opportunities to stimulate production and employment of the local economy.

Activity/risk source Labour practices employed during operations.

Mitigation:

Target/ObjectiveMaximise local community employment benefits in the local economy.


Adopt a local employment policy to maximise the opportunities made

available to the local labour force.

The Proponent &

Operation and

Maintenance

(O&M) Contractor

Operation phase

Establish vocational training programs for the local labour force to

promote the development of skills.

The Proponent Operation phase

Performance Indicator » Percentage of workers that were employed from local communities.

» Number of people attending vocational training on an annual basis.

Monitoring » The developer must keep a record of local recruitments and information on local

labour to be shared with the ECO for reporting purposes.

OBJECTIVE: Minimise visual impact and the impact on sense of place during the operation phase

Project component/s Operation and maintenance of the proposed project.

Potential Impact Visual impacts and sense of place impacts associated with the operation phase of the

project

Activity/risk source Negative impact on receptors within the surrounding area

Mitigation:

Target/ObjectiveMinimise visual impact and the impact on the sense of place


Maintain and manage the facility to be in a good and neat condition to

ensure that no degradation of the area and associated infrastructure

servitudes takes place and impact the visual quality of the area.

The Proponent &

Operation and

Maintenance

(O&M) Contractor

Operation phase



Implement the relevant mitigation measures as recommended in the

Visual Impact Assessment for the change in character and sense of

place of the landscape setting.

The Proponent Operation phase

Performance Indicator » No complaints are submitted regarding the management of the project.

Monitoring » The proponent and O&M Contractor must monitor the indicators listed above to

ensure that they have been met for the operation phase

9

APPENDIX B:

EXTERNAL REVIEWER LETTER

Social Impact Assessment June 2020

Documents

Transcript of Social Impact Assessment June 2020