Social Housing Provision in Nigeria

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BY

AYEGBA SHEM IKOOJO

09CB09993

SOCIAL HOUSING PROVISION INNIGERIA: PROSPECT, PROBLEMSAND SOLUTIONS


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INTRODUCTION

Housing is defined as the process of providingsafe, comfortable, attractive, functional affordableand identifiable shelter in a proper setting within aneighborhood, supported by continuous

maintenance of the built environment for the dailyliving activities of individuals/families within thecommunity while reflecting their socio-economic,cultural aspirations and preferences. In addition,

housing includes the sustainability attributes ofenergy efficiency and resource conservation forimproved quality of life, (National Housing Policy,2012).


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Social housing is the response by government tothe housing challenges of No and Low income

earners. Even though the production of suchhousing can be facilitated by market forces,government must use subsidy mechanism for itsdistribution. It is therefore seen to promote an

equitable and benevolent society and to restorethe dignity of man. By this discharge ofgovernment social responsibility to the vastmajority of the population who ordinarily would

not have been able to afford them, it stabilizes thesociety by freeing it from the insecurity challengesoccasioned by homelessness. (National HousingPolicy, 2012).


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.the Vision will provide affordable housingthrough collaboration among federal, state, and

local governments to produce and implement a

unified and integrated housing development

programme, open up new layouts and providesites and services for the private sector to

develop affordable and decent mass housing.

Nigerias Vision

20:2020


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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

The objectives of social housing are to: (i) significantly improve the well-being of the poor,

the needy and other vulnerable groups in the society,such as women, single mothers, the elderly, widowsand widowers, the physically challenged, the

homeless, and a critical mass of the citizens who fallinto this group; (ii) Provide a sustainable way of reducing the

housing deficit in the country, estimated at about 16-17 million units nationwide, as at 2011;

(iii) Provide a window of opportunity for governmentsat all levels to demonstrate their commitment to theprovision of social housing as a social responsibility tothe citizenry, thereby institutionalizing an efficient,responsive and sustainable mechanism for housingdelivery;


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Housing has been universally accepted as the second

most important essential human need, (UN

Declaration on Universal Human-Rights 1948 (Article25). The right to adequate housing is considered acore human right. Housing rights were first universallycodified on the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights adopted and proclaimed by the UN GeneralAssembly in 1948. Article 25 of the Declaration states:

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate

for the health and well being for himself and for his

family, including food, clothing, housing and medicalcare and necessary social services and the right to

security in the event of unemployment, sickness,

disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of

livelihood in circumstances beyond his control


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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

With the current housing deficit at 17 million units(and counting), and a conservative benchmarkcost for a house at (say) $15,625 per unit, theGovernment would require $265.6 billion to

provide for this housing shortfall (Social HousingAdvocacy Group 2013).


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The Nigerian Government CAN NOT:

single handedlyfund the housing deficit;exclusively adequately subsidizethe weak earning

capacity of the populace (90%); and

raise wagesto required levels, even with the best

of its intentionsand thus the imperative of an

Outside-The-Boxsolution


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RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The problem of the housing deficit has given rise to thefollowing research questions.1. How is it possible to ensure that the underprivileged

section of the population has access to a dwelling,through a working social housing scheme?

2. What instruments can be used to ensure that low-incomehouseholds can live in dwellings of a reasonable qualityand also that housing expenditure does not form anunreasonably large proportion of their disposableincome?

3. What instruments can be used to ensure that the quality

of current housing and of any new construction willcorrespond to changing needs now and in the future?This concerns the quality of both buildings and thehousing environment and also energy savings indwellings this should be incorporated into the qualitativegoals for dwellings


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study seeks to address the dire need for a socialhousing scheme, this becomes imperative bearing inmind that 90% of Nigerians live below the povertylines of $2 per day (Social Housing Advocacy Group2013).

With the countries vision 2020 as regards to masshousing, which states:.the Vision will provideaffordable housing through collaboration amongfederal, state, and local governments to produce andimplement a unified and integrated housingdevelopment programme, open up new layouts andprovide sites and services for the private sector todevelop affordable and decent mass housing. Astudy of this type becomes important.

It would provide a framework work for a sustainablesocial using scheme in Nigeria through the use of

indigenous materials and also a social housingscheme that could be self-reliant.


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REVIEW

HISTORY OF HOUSING

From the beginning of civilization, attention hasbeen paid to the form, placement, and provisionof human habitation. The earliest building codes,

specifying structural integrity in housingconstruction, are found in the Code ofHammurabi. City planning activities during theGreek and Roman empires centered almost

exclusively on the appropriate placement of urbanhousing from the perspectives of defense andwater supply.


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HISTORY OF SOCIAL HOUSING

Britain embarked on public housing developmentin the late 19th century and were among the firstto start such. Laborers' dwelling acts, authorizinglocal governments to construct public housing,

were enacted as early as the mid-19th century,more than 75 years before even the U.S. housinglegislation was passed. Urban-renewal demolitionactivities were empowered during the same

period, almost a century before equivalentAmerican activity. Massive public housingprograms were started after each of the worldwars.


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AFFORDABILITYAffordability refers to peoples ability to purchase

essential(or basic) goods and services, such asadequate housing.

Affordability. Experts recommend spending lessthan 32% of total household budget on housing(rents or mortgages, basic utilities andmaintenance) and less than 18% ontransportation, or 45% on housing and transportcombined. Many lower- and middle-incomehouseholds exceed these levels.


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SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable development is thedevelopment that meets the needs ofthe present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meet theirown needs (Brundtland Report, 1987)


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ACESSIBILITY

Accessibility(or just access) refers tothe ease of reaching goods, services,activities and destinations, which

together are called opportunities(Levinson and El-Geneidy 2006).

S S G S


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SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

IN NIGERIA

Bamboo Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Timber

Laterite


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-METHODS

This chapter would describe the procedures thatwould be used in conducting the study. Theprocedures are described in the followingmanner; research design, the characteristics of

the study population, sampling techniques, datacollection instrument, method of datapresentation and analysis, limitations of themethodology


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DATA COLLECTION

INSTRUMENT

1. Structured Questionnaire Sect ion A : - Respondents personal

in format ion

Sect ion B : - Quest ions as i t relates to soc ial

hous ing prov is ion prob lems

Sectio n C: - Questio ns as it relates to so cial

housing pro v is ion Object ives

Sectio n D: - Questio ns as it relates to so cialhousing prov is ion Strategies

Sectio n E: - Questio ns as it relates to social

housing prov is ion Ind igenous m ater ials


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AREA OF STUDY

This study would cover selected areas in Lagosand Abuja, issues to be considered includes thefollowing:

Existing Social Housing Provision

Assess to Social Housing

Funding

Sustainability for social housing


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Fig 4.1.8: Respondents response to the involvement

of the Private sector in social housing provision.


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Fig 4.1.10: Respondents response to if social housing was a

sustainable way to meet with the nations housing deficit.


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.Table 4.1.12: Respondents response to encouraging the use of

local material in building construction for social housing.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Strongly Agree 13 32.5 32.5 32.5

Agree 22 55.0 55.0 87.5

Neutral 5 12.5 12.5 100.0

Total 40 100.0 100.0


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Data Analysis and Presentation for Interview


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Data Analysis and Presentation for InterviewData

These interviews were conducted both in astructured and an unstructured manner.

These interviews were conducted with the intentto collect information, that is better to access firsthand and better being heard. Interviewees were

selected base on their relevance to the issues,respondents such as a social housing proprietor,members of a material research institute, andprofessionals in various fields relevant to thisstudy


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CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONSThis study was able to identify the prospect, problemsand the solutions to Social Housing Provision inNigeria. By the following approach:

It was able to identify the need for a Social Housing

scheme, to enable the underprivileged section of thePopulation access to dwellings. It was able to assess the possibility of providing

housing to the low and no income earners usingsustainable means.

It was able to identify means of ensuring the provisionof decent and affordable housing of reasonablequality that can be maintained over time.

It was able to identify the role of builders in socialhousing provision.


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That Financial institutions and developers shouldbe involved in low cost housing provision, as thegovernment alone cannot fund such a project.

A better system of access to mortgage would

enhance the chances of getting does mortgagesand as such individuals can build.

That high population growth rate affects access toSocial Housing.


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Recommendation

Eliminating Waste

Target Value Design

Building Information Modeling (BIM) Last Planner System

Pull Planning

5S and Visual Management

Continuous improvement (CI)


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Social Housing Provision in Nigeria

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