Social Capital, Adaptation, and Climate Change Arun Agrawal Nicolas Perrin
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Transcript of Social Capital, Adaptation, and Climate Change Arun Agrawal Nicolas Perrin
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Social Capital, Adaptation, and Climate Change
Arun AgrawalNicolas Perrin
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Why focus on social Capital• Plans vs. Surprises: to build resilience in the
face of climate surprises. Drawing from basic ecological theory– social capital boosts autonomous and flexible
adaptive responses– Attention to multiple actors increases system
functional diversity – Actions by multiple actors increases system
response diversity
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Why focus on social capital?
• Hard vs. Soft: Social capital critical to soft adaptation responses– typically less costly, – more comprehensive; – requires local buy-in
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Forms of social capital and their role in development
--Ties and networks(Bonding/Bridging)
--Institutions and Organizations(Inclusive/Exclusionary)
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Forms of social capital and their role in development
Ties and networks(Bonding/Bridging)
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Forms of social capital and their role in development
Institutions and Organizations(Inclusive/Exclusionary)
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Forms of Adaptation
Planned Autonomous
Anticipatory Development of new technologies
Agricultural/occupational diversification
Reactive Disaster relief Post-disaster migration
Social CapitalRelevant togenerating
Social CapitalRelevant tofacilitating
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Forms of autonomous adaptationDifferent risks correlate with different forms of autonomous adaptation
Risks across spaceRisks over time
Risks across asset classes
Risks across households
Market Exchange
Mobility
Storage
Diversification
Communal Pooling
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Forms of social capital and their role in development
Spatial Distribution: Local vs Dispersed
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Impact of different combinations of social capital on ability to adapt
Types of Risks/Adaptation
Types of Social Capital
Mobility Storage/Pooling/
Diversification
Market Exchange
Dispersed ties, inclusive instns.
High Medium High
Dispersed ties, exclusionary instns.
Medium Low Medium
Local ties, inclusive instns.
Low High Medium
Local ties, exclusionary instns.
Low Medium Low
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Two examples
Rural-urban migrants
Small farmers threatened by climate change
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Conclusion: Social Capital, Adaptation, and Adaptive Policies
• Adaptive Policies –Interactive decision-making and learning –In-built adjustment mechanisms– Autonomous responses–Encourage self-organization and networks–Include review mechanisms–Promote diversity rather than consistency