Social and Personality Development in Adolescents.
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Transcript of Social and Personality Development in Adolescents.
CHAPTER 12Social and Personality Development in Adolescents
Psychoanalytic PerspectivesPsychosocial Perspective: Erickson
Identity versus Role Confusion Stage
Primary developmental task: Achievement of personal identity
Reflects understanding of one’s unique traits and how they manifest across ages and social roles
Marcia’s Theory of Identity AchievementIdentity Statuses
Statuses
Identity Achieveme
ntMoratorium Foreclosure Identity
Diffusion
Self-Understanding
Components of self-understanding More abstract definition of psychological self
Academic self-concepts from internal comparisons and external comparisons
Social self-concepts predict behavior
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall
Figure 12.2 Changes in Teens’ Self-Descriptions
As they grow older, children and adolescents define themselves less and less by what they look like and more and more by what they feel.
Self-Concept and PersonalitySelf-Esteem
Self-esteem: Sense of global self-worth• Self-esteem patterns
• High self-esteem correlates
• Gender differences throughout adolescence
Moral DevelopmentKohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
Preconventional reasoning: Judgments based on positive or negative consequences to the child
Protocol response to moral dilemmas 3 levels with 2 substages each
Moral DevelopmentKohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
Preconventional• Stage 1• Stage 2
Conventional• Stage 3• Stage 4
Postconventional• Stage 5• Stage 6
Write a brief description of and example for each stage.
Figure 12.4 Colby & Kohlberg’s Longitudinal Study of Moral Reasoning
Figure 12.5
Causes and Consequences of Moral Development
Causes Progression in age and corresponding
cognitive development
Decline of egocentrism
Improvement in role-taking
Support from social environment
Causes and Consequences of Moral Development
Fill in the blanks
Growth of moral reasoning associated with ______in adolescent prosocial behaviors and ______ in antisocial behavior.
Criticisms of Kohlberg’s TheoryMoral Reasoning and Emotions
Nancy Eisenberg
Empathy: Ability to identify with others’ emotions both cause and consequence of moral development Inability to control emotional triggers (antisocial
behaviors) Age-related and individual differences in ability to
regulate emotions
Quantifying EQ
Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS:2)
2nd -8th grade, 9th-12th grade
Scales, Validity Inconsistent Responding Self criticism Faking good Response distribution
Self Concept Scales Physical self concept Moral self concept Personal self concept Family self concept Social self concept Academic/work self concept Identity
Self concept correlated with self esteem
BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (BarOn EQ-i: YV)
Ages 7-18 4th grade reading level 20-30 minutes to complete 7 classifications, markedly low to
markedly high
Scales Total emotional intelligence Intrapersonal scale Interpersonal scale Adaptability scale Stress management scale
General Mood Scale Positive impressing (faking good) Inconsistency index
Moral Development and Antisocial BehaviorOverview
Delinquency: Adolescent behavior that breaks laws
Two sub-variations by age of delinquency onset
Child onset is more serious and likely to present into adulthood
Adolescent onset is milder and more transitory; peer group influenced
Moral Development and Antisocial BehaviorDelinquency
Deliquents: Lack empathy (for parents, victims) Behind peers in moral reasoning Deficits in role-taking skills
Social RelationshipsParents
Adolescents have two contradictory tasks: establish autonomy and maintain relatedness
Conflicts with parents increase but attachment still high
• Individual traits and cultural factors affect degree and meaning of parent–teen conflict
Relationships with ParentsAttachment
Strong attachment to parents matter!
Sense of well-being more strongly correlated with quality of parent than peer attachment
Strong attachments associated positive short-term and long-term outcomes
Relationships with PeersOverview
Friendships Increasingly intimate More stable than those of younger children Shared interests and activities important
Relationships with PeersPeer Group Structure
Clique
Crowds Reputation-based group
Figure 12.6 Sources of Support for Adolescents
Divorce
Where to live: Parents v. Friends v. Siblings
How much consideration to give an adolescent’s opinion?
EQ
Best Interest of the Child Factors
QUESTIONS?