Soc 204 goldberg ch 11& 12 week 6
-
Upload
michelle-meyer -
Category
Education
-
view
32 -
download
4
Transcript of Soc 204 goldberg ch 11& 12 week 6
Stimulants
Modify (stimulate) a person’s
Activity level
Mood
Central nervous system
Increased heart rate
Increased respiration
Increased blood pressure
Dilated pupils
https://ww
w.youtube.
com/watc
h?v=R3GYI
-Kpf5M
Local anesthesia: Dr. W. S. Halsted
Early psychiatric uses:
Sigmund Freud Used to alleviate fatigue, depression,
opiate addiction
Later opposed this use
History
46 states passed laws to regulate cocaine
between 1887 and 1914
Negative publicity about cocaine influenced
the passage of the 1914 Harrison Act
Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988
Legal Control
The majority of powder cocaine users who enter
treatment are white, and the majority of crack
cocaine users who enter treatment are black.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
The depressant effects of alcohol reduce the
stimulating effects of cocaine, making serious side
effects less l ikely to occur.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
Routes:
Topical, snorting, IV, smoking
Cocaine is metabolized by
enzymes in the blood and liver
Cocaine has a half-life of about
one hour
Major metabolites (detected by
drug screens) have a half-life of
eight hours
Administration/Elimination
Anesthetic properties Acute toxicity
Damage to nasal septum
Paranoid psychosis
Damage to heart muscle
Dependence
Some withdrawal
Use during pregnancy
Benefits/Concerns
Ancient Chinese used ephedra
Chemical version in 1932 – amphetamine
Used in WWII to fight fatigue
1960’s
Tighter control
Amphetamines
After Mexico, the largest producer of
methamphetamine is Canada, because
pseudoephedrine is not regulated there.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
Chemical structure is similar to catecholamine
neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline)
Methamphetamine and amphetamine both
cross blood brain barrier
Increases activity of monoamine
neurotransmitters by stimulating their release
(dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin)
Pharmacology
Peak effects
1.5 hours oral
5-20 min snorting
5-10 min smoking
Half-life is 5-12 hours
Rapid tolerance
Absorption/Elimination
Boys are more than twice as likely as
girls to be identified with ADHD.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
ADHD is l imited to teenagers and children. Very few
adults have this disorder.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
Acute behavioral
toxicity
High doses may destroy
catecholamine neurons
Contaminants
Paranoid psychosis
No withdrawal
Powerful psychological
dependence h t t p s : / / w w w . y o u t u b e . c o m / w a t c h ? v = F T G m 4 3 y Y
p T Q
h t t p s : / / w w w . y o u t u b e . c o m / w a t c h ? v = 0 k q 7 z j 8 K d
_ Q
Risks
Methamphetamine
Do you think that using stimulants to
treat ADD or ADHD is a good thing?
A. Yes
B. No
YesNo
50%50%
Response
Most commonly prescribed drugs
for ADHD
Ritalin and other stimulants
enhance the functioning of the
reticular activating system, which
helps children focus attention and
filter out extraneous stimuli
Side effects include insomnia,
weight loss, headaches,
irritability, nausea, and dizziness
Ritalin, Adderall
Caffeine Humor
http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=Tq
FRP5lXTmE
Videos
Sources of caffeine
Coffee
Tea
Soda
Chocolate
Energy drinks
Over-the-counter medications
NoDoz
Vivarin
Anacin
Excedrin
Midol
Diurex
Caffeine
What do you consider an acceptable
level of caffeine intake?
A. None
B. One beverage a
day
C. 2-5 beverages a
day
D. Any level is ok
None
One beve
rage
a day
2-5 b
everage
s a d
ay
Any level i
s ok
0% 0%0%0%
Peak blood levels reached 30 minutes after oral intake
Half-life is about 3 hours
Low-grade tolerance does develop
Pharmacology
200 mg
Increased arousal
Mood-elevating effects
500 mg
Increased heart rate & respiration
Paradoxical effect on blood vessels: dilation
Constriction of blood vessels in the brain = headache relief
Increased basal metabolic rate (10%) in chronic users
Works on the neurotransmitter adenosine (inhibitory)
Blocks receptors
Mechanism of Action
Behavioral
Stimulation
Headache
Hyperactivity
Does not sober one up
Concerns
Panic attacks
1980s thought to have a link
to cancer, since disproven
Reproduction
Heart disease (large amounts)
Caffeinism
Effects
Considerations
What age?
Infants
Toddlers
School age
Teenage
What products?
Energy drinks
Soda
Coffee
Tea/iced tea
Hot chocolate
Chocolate
Your brain on coffee
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbuCmO8Bwhs&noredirect=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfntvRGwpvs
Children and Caffeine
http://guardianlv.com/2014/02/caffeine-is-a-drug-for-kids-video/
Videos
How much
caffeine do you
consume?
1981 FDA:
limit of 6 mg of
caffeine per
ounce
No labeling
required
Wrap-up
Item Amount of Item Amount of Caffeine
Jolt soft drink 12 ounces 71.2 mg
Mountain Dew 12 ounces 55.0 mg
Coca-Cola 12 ounces 34.0 mg
Diet Coke 12 ounces 45.0 mg
Pepsi 12 ounces 38.0 mg
7-Up 12 ounces 0 mg
Brewed coffee
(drip method)
5 ounces 115 mg
Espresso 1 shot 64 mg
Tea 5 ounces 40 mg
Iced tea 12 ounces 70 mg
Dark chocolate 1 ounce 20 mg
Milk chocolate 1 ounce 6 mg
Cocoa beverage 5 ounces 4 mg
Chocolate milk beverage 8 ounces 5 mg
Cold relief medication 1 tablet 30 mg
Midol 1 tablet 32 mg
Excedrin 1 tablet 65 mg
Monster Energy Drink 16 ounces 160 mg
Red Bull 8 ounces 60 mg
Under what circumstances should a person
consider reducing caffeine intake?
A. When they are
cranky without it
B. When they have
health
complications
C. When they obsess
about it
D. Can’t think of a
time I’d give it up!W
hen they a
re cr
anky w
...
When th
ey have h
ealth ..
.
When th
ey obse
ss a
bout it
Can’t th
ink o
f a ti
me I’
d g...
0% 0%0%0%
The word canvas is
derived from the word
cannabis and many
famous paintings are on
marijuana fibers.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
The early colonial settlers planted marijuana
because they recognized its medicinal value.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
1. Charas, also known as hashish
2. Ganja, also known as sinsemilla
From Spanish sin semilla, “without seeds”
3. Bhang
Preparations
The use of marijuana by
high school students has
increased in the last five
years while alcohol
consumption has
decreased.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
1900s little use or interest
1926 newspaper articles linked marijuana to
crime
1936 all state had laws regulating use
Early perceptions
Marijuana Tax Act
Declared unconstitutional in 1969
Reefer Madness http://digital .f i lms.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=5863&loid=12178&psid=0&sid=0&State=&tit le=Alter
ed%20States:%20A%20History%20of%20Drug%20Use%20in%20America&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID =
History
The federal government
owns a farm in
Mississippi where it grows
marijuana to be used for
research purposes.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
Mouse Party http ://dig ita l . f i lms.com/Por talViewVideo.aspx?xt id=39495&loid=70444&psid=0&si
d=0&State=&ti t le=Mari juana&IsSearch=Y&parentSer iesID =#
Pharmacology
Review: The neurotransmitter affected
by THC:
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Cannabinoids
D. GABA
Dopamin
e
Seroto
nin
Cannabinoid
s
GABA
0% 0%0%0%Response
Most young people who try marijuana for
the first time do so during the winter
months.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
Anandamide
THC binds to two
receptors
CB1
Primarily in brain
CB2
Primarily outside
brain in immune
cells
Mechanism of Action
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary
Reddening of
eyes
Dryness of
mouth/throat h t t p : / /d i g i ta l . f i l m s . com /Por ta l V i
ew V i d eo .asp x?x t id=39495
Physiological Effects
Abuse potential
Effects:
Euphoria, mellow-ness, hunger
Cognitive Effects
Food Intake
Verbal Behavior
Psychological Effects
The federal government
allows the medical use
of marijuana only to
treat the side effects of
chemotherapy on cancer
patients.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
Declined even before Marijuana Tax Act
Dropped from National Formulary & US Pharmacopia
1941
Uses:
Anticonvulsant
Headaches
Glaucoma
Reduces nausea
Increases appetite https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQzyfYfq1WY
Medical Uses
EC Review: The neurotransmitter directly
affected by THC is:
A. Anandamide
B. GABA
C. Serotonin
D. Dopamine
Anandamid
e
GABA
Seroto
nin
Dopamin
e
0% 0%0%0%Response
EC Review: Medical uses for marijuana
do not include:
A. To increase
appetite
B. To control
convulsions
C. To fight infection
D. To reduce nausea
To incr
ease a
ppetite
To contro
l convulsi
ons
To fight i
nfect
ion
To reduce
nause
a
0% 0%0%0%
Response
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana-
medicine
DSM-5 – no listing for cannabis withdrawal
Abstinence syndrome
Tolerance
Abuse Potential
Abuse & Dependence
http://digital.films.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?
xtid=36368&loid=37683&psid=0&sid=0&Stat
e=&title=Cannabis:%20Satanic%20Herb%20or
%20Healing%20Potion?&IsSearch=Y&parentS
eriesID=
EC: Do marijuana users experience
withdrawal?
A. Yes
B. No
C. No, but they do
experience mild
symptoms when
they abstain
YesNo
No, but t
hey do e
xperi.
..
0% 0%0%
Response
EC: Does tolerance develop with
marijuana use?
A. No
B. Yes, rapidly and
immediately
C. Yes, with regular
use
D. Yes, but
unevenly, (not to
all effects)
No
Yes, ra
pidly
and imm
edia...
Yes, with
regu
lar u
se
Yes, but u
nevenly, (
not to...
0% 0%0%0%
Response
Public opinion polls reveal that the
majority of Americans favor legalizing
marijuana.
A. True
B. False
True
False
0%0%
http://www.gallup.com/poll/165539/first-time-
americans-favor-legalizing-marijuana.aspx
Acute
No recorded human overdoses
Chronic
Lungs
Anxiety
Reproductive Effects
Immune System Effects
Toxicity
Amotivational Syndrome
Marijuana Madness h t t p : / / d i g i t a l . f i l m s . c o m / P o r t a l V i e w V i d e o . a s p x ? x t i d = 3 6 3 6 8 & l o i d = 3 7 6 8 3 & p s i d = 0 & s i d = 0 & S t a t e = & t i t l e = C a
n n a b i s : % 2 0 S a t a n i c % 2 0 H e r b % 2 0 o r % 2 0 H e a l i n g % 2 0 P o t i o n ? & I s S e a r c h = Y & p a r e n t S e r i e s I D = #
Driving Ability
Toxicity
EC: The negative effects of marijuana
include:
A. Increased
violence
B. Problems with
memory
C. Problems with
learning
D. Respiratory
problemsIn
crease
d viole
nce
Proble
ms w
ith m
emory
Proble
ms w
ith le
arnin
g
Respira
tory
pro
blem
s
0% 0%0%0%
Response
Opinion: Do you believe amotivational
syndrome occurs in marijuana users?
A. Yes
B. No
YesNo
0%0%Response
Decriminalization of marijuana
Legalization for medical use
Legalization for recreational use
Federal scheduling reform
Attitudes of Society