Railsback's Fundamentals of Quaternary Science

Shifts of the ITCZ with changing NH temperatureArbuszewski, J.A., deMenocal, P.B., Cléroux, C., Bradtmiller, L., Mix, A., 2013. Meridional shifts of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature Geoscience 6, 959-962.

Broccoli. A.J., Dahl, K.A., Stouffer, R.J., 2006. Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere cooling. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L01702.

Chiang, J.C.H., Biasutti, M., Battisti, D.S., 2003. Sensitivity of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone to Last Glacial Maximum boundary conditions. Paleoceanography 18, doi:10.1029/2003PA000916.

Chiang, J.C.H., Friedman, A.R., 2012. Extratropical cooling, interhemispheric thermal gradients, and tropical climate change. Annual Review of Earth andPlanetary Science 40, 383–412.

Frierson, D.M.W., Hwang, Y.-T., 2012. Extratropical influence on ITCZ shifts in slab ocean simulations of global warming. Journal of Climate 25, 720-733.

Kang, S.M., Held, I.M., Frierson, D.M.W., Zhao, M., 2008. The Response of the

Since about 2003, a series of papers including those listed at left have recognizedthat the Intertropical Convergence Zone (the ITCZ) shifts toward the warmer hemispherewith changing global temperature. The hypothetical sketches below very qualitatively pro-pose the relative nature (but not necessarily the magnitude) of those shifts between three states: a warm Northern Hemisphere at upper right, an intermediate case at lower right, and a cool Northern Henispher at lower left. The very generalized geography shown is only intended to represent an Earth with more land in its Northern Hemisphere.