São Paulo - Martin Prosperity...

Age Profile (2011):

Years Population Share

0–15 3,791,319 20.1%

16–64 12,632,326 66.8%

65+ 2,473,464 13.1%

THE FACTSCity: Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP)

Major Cities: São Paulo City

Country: Brazil

Population: 19.9 million

Population Density: 2,501/km2

Sex Profile: Ratio: 92.1M : 100F (2011)

Governance Structure: Governor by election. A mayor and city council that serve four-year terms govern subdivisions of the city.

ECONOMY AND LABOUR FORCEOccupational Typology (C/S/W): 27.0% / 24.0% / 49.0%

Top Employers: Major Corporations with Offices in São Paulo (2003):

Company

AmBev

Itaú Unibanco (10th largest bank in the world)

Grupo Pão de Açúcar (2nd largest retailer in Latin America)

Telefonica

Pão de Açcúcar

Carrefour

Cargil

Nestle

Eletropaulo

Unilever

São Paulo

Creative Cities StrategiesSince May 2011, the Supreme Court in Brazil has recognized and approved civil unions for same-sex couples. Many state courts are now allowing same sex marriages. Earlier this year, Brazil’s human rights committee passed a 16-year-old bill that changes the definition of ‘union’ to mean “a con-tract between two people in a ‘continuous and long-lasting’ relationship, established with the aim of starting a family, regardless of gender.” While the legislation is not firm, and a higher court can reverse rulings for marriage, it does make it more difficult for courts to deny the rights of gay and les-bians in Brazil. In order for it become law, the bill must pass through other Senate committees as well as the House of Representatives.

This progress was aided in 2008 by the then President of Brazil, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, who was the first leader to launch a conference solely with the purpose of promoting gay equality. During the conference he also attacked anti-gay rights promoters, saying, “One thing that amazes me is why politicians who are against do not refuse [gays] votes,

why Brazil does not refuse [gays] income tax.”

The President’s actions further motivated the LGBTQ community, especially in São Paulo, which has the largest LGBTQ community in Brazil. In 2010, the Pride Parade in São Paulo took on a more political tone with the theme, “Vote Against Homophob-ia”. Alexandre Santos, then president of the Association of LGBTQ Pride Parade in São Paulo, said that the organ-ization was encouraging people to vote for candidates who have made positive contributions to the LGBTQ community and its members. While there is a long way to go with regard to the rights of this community, especially in legislature, it seems that the efforts are paying off.

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Labour Force Distribution by Sector:

Sector of Activity 2011 Total 2011 Percentage

Industry 1,729,000 18.00%

Commerce/Trade 1,518,000 15.80%

Servicing 5,054,000 52.60%

Building/Construction 586,000 6.09%

Home Services 673,000 7.00%

Others 48,000 0.50%

Total 9,608,000 100%

GDP: US$ 192.2M (2009)1 US$ 15,090.20 (2010, per capita for São Paulo city and not the entire metro, which has a population of about 11 million — the majority of the MRSP)

Economic Growth Rate: 7.5% (2010 real rate for Brazil) -0.6% (2009 real rate for Brazil) 5.2% (2008 real rate for Brazil)

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TALENT SCORECARD

Talent Score Justification

Educated Population: K–8 (Primary) D

In São Paulo, more than nine-tenths of the population is literate, and roughly the same proportion age 7 to 14 are enrolled in school. Of course, this is contrasted by a high dropout rate. In Brazil, the attainment rate of primary level education for persons 15 years of age and over has decreased over the 10 year period 2000–2010, moving from 28.2% of the population in 2000, to 26.8% and 27.3% in 2005 and 2010 respectively.

Educated Population: 9–12 (Secondary) C+

In 2000, 43.3% of people aged 18–24 years in the metropol-itan region of São Paulo had completed a high school edu-cation. The attainment rate of secondary level education in Brazil for persons 15 years old and over increased gradually between 2000 and 2010, moving from 17.2% in 2000, to 23% in 2005, to 26.3% in 2010. About 15% of those graduating from secondary school are over 25.

Educated Population: Post-secondary D

Tertiary level education attainment levels for persons 15 years of age and over in Brazil is very low: 3.8% of the popu-lation completed tertiary education from 2000 to 2005, and by 2010 it had risen to only 4.4%.

Educational Institutions: College B

The state of São Paulo has 51 Technology Colleges that cater to nearly 50,000 students in 60 undergraduate courses. There are also many national services for apprenticeship in different disciplines in São Paulo state. Sources such as the Economist decry Brazilian schools in general, and the poor quality education received by students. However the MRSP educational institutions seem to be of a better quality.

Educational Institutions: University B

Some of the many institutions of higher education in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) have international recognition. The University of São Paulo has spawned a wide variety of research facilities and is affiliated with world-famous institutions such as the Butantan Institute. The Pon-tifical Catholic University of São Paulo within South America is a private institute of higher education. There are over 5 major public institutes of higher education (three universi-ties, one college, and one institute of education, science and technology) located or with campuses in the MRSP, including the University of São Paulo, which is the largest and most important research and educational institution in Brazil. The GE Innovation Survey showed that 49.0% of survey respondents disagree that local [Brazilian] universi-ties and schools provide a strong education.

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Talent Score Justification

Education Spending B-

According to the OECD Statistical Profile on Brazil, in 2008 the country spent US$2,097 on non-tertiary students, and US$11,610 on tertiary level students. According to the Economist, Brazil already spends a higher share of GDP on schooling than most OECD countries. In fact, the Economist argues that money budgeted for education is largely wasted. This is evidenced in policy measures that affect spending. For example, teachers can be absent for 40 of the year’s 200 school days without having their pay docked. Up to half of most schools’ budgets are spent on teachers’ pensions, except in places such as São Paulo state, which has started to take on the unions. Additionally, more than a tenth of spending goes toward pupils who are repeating grades.

Creative Class Share B+

According to the 2010 Global Creativity Index, Brazil’s Creative Class ranking is 57th out of 78 countries, with a Creative Class share of 18.5%. Given the labor distribution for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, it is unlikely that the Creative Class share specific to the Metro is much dif-ferent.

Overall score for talent B-

Brazil has been able to reduce the proportion of the pop-ulation with no education between 2000 and 2010, taking the number down from 16% in 2000 to 10.1% by 2010. Despite the quality of the tertiary level institutions, it is of little consequence to the prosperity of the metro if the majority of the population is undereducated and only a half complete high school.

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TECHNOLOGY SCORECARD

Technology Score Justification

Patents D

According to the 2012 Milken Innovation Scorecard, Brazil is well below the OECD average — 0.3 triadic patents per million in 2008, but commensurate with other BRIC coun-tries. According to the WIPO IP Statistics Report for June 2012, Brazil made 94 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) filings between January 2012 and March of 2012, 564 in 2011, 488 in 2010, 492 in 2009, and 472 in 2008. Trademark registra-tion takes almost 6 years in Brazil. Intellectual property pro-tection is not well enforced in the country because IP laws in Brazil are very behind, and the only courts that address IP in the country are in Rio de Janeiro. The awareness of IP rights is low in Brazil, but corporations and local governments are becoming more and more concerned about the protection of patents and trademarks.

Innovation B+

The state of São Paulo has one of the best R&D Structures in Latin America. The state has been attracting an increasing number of foreign companies, and is made more attractive to the companies through growing partnerships between universities and internationally renowned laboratories and research centres. São Paulo state has the biggest and most diversified system of science and technology in the country, and in 2008 expenditure on innovation was approximately US$ 12 billion (nearly 50% of the country’s total). There are over 90 research centres in the state that focus on a variety of areas including health sciences, engineering, and agri-cultural sciences. Research institutes in the MRSP include the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, the Institute of Technological Research, and the Institute of Agricultural Economics, the State of São Paulo Cancer Institute, and the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology. São Paulo city is particularly known for its R&D in health. The State of São Paulo has 5 financial funds offered by agencies aimed at the promotion and development of innovation, and research and development of products and processes and small businesses. In Brazil, venture capital financing that involves government support is difficult to acquire, as there are arduous and uncertain grant processes that drag the funding acquisition time from between 12 and 18 months on average. The 2012 Milken Innovation Scorecard ranks Brazil below average for venture capital deals, though it states that 69% of GE Innovation survey respondents say private investors are supportive of companies that need funding.

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Job Growth A

Unemployment rates in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo have been steadily declining since 2003 when it was as high as 1.9 million people. By 2006, it had decreased to 1.5 million, and by 2011, it was down to 1.1 million people. Between 2010 and 2011 the metro’s industrial sector briefly experienced declining employment growth rates, with overall growth from 2010–2011 being 0.5% compared to 2009–2010, where the growth rate was 4.74%. New service industries created by the technology sector are providing increased employment opportunities for graduates.

Creative Class Share B+According to the 2010 Global Creativity Index, Brazil’s Creative Class ranking is 57th out of 78 countries, with a Creative Class share of 18.48%.

High-Tech Index B+

High-Tech manufacturing is a large part of the São Paulo economy, and the metro is an international leader in this area. Computer industries are on the rise in São Paulo. The state of São Paulo also has 51 Technology Colleges that cater to nearly 50,000 students in 60 undergraduate courses. The 2012 Milken Innovation Scorecard ranks Brazil above average for high-tech exports. By 2009, 13.90% of the country’s exports were high-tech. However this is a decline from earlier years, as export levels were as high as 18.56% in 2000. The 2012 Milken Institute for Innovation gives Brazil a grade of “Lagging” for STEM (Science, Tech-nology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Education and ranks it below most OECD countries.

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Sustainability/ Green Economy B-

Noise and air pollution are a growing problem in the Metro-politan Region of São Paulo due to automobile traffic (in spite of street and highway improvements). Additionally, São Paulo’s streams and rivers are largely polluted by industrial waste and are used to power hydroelectric projects. This further contaminates reservoirs used for drinking water. It is a large problem despite São Paulo City’s above average overall ranking for sanitation in the Latin America Green City Index. São Paulo has the strongest performance in Latin America for CO2 emissions (with low emissions from electri-city consumption). The city also has “one of the most robust climate change action plans”. Through this comprehensive plan, which included the installation of two waste-to-energy conversion plants at its two main landfills, São Paulo was able to reduce emissions by 20% between 2005 and 2011. The city scored above average for land use and buildings and ranks above average for transport, waste, water, and sanitation. It has created initiatives around travel restrictions and low emissions zones, improved waste collection and anti-dumping programs, water conservation and reducing leakage, and sanitation expansion and improvement. Unfortunately, while there is renewed interest in environ-mental governance, lack of policy implementation and public participation, as well as fragmentation between city and state policies has hindered efficacy.

Entrepreneurship C-

According the World Bank Doing Business ranking for 2006, São Paulo is the most difficult of all Brazilian states within which to start a business. São Paulo state is ranked 11 out of 13 states studied for ease of doing business. The same ranking study, placed São Paulo as the worst for average length of time to open a business, with 152 days compared to 19 days in Minas Gerais. Globally, São Paulo ranks 149th out of 155 economies for time to start a business, but it is the easiest state in Brazil within which to enforce a contract. Out of the 13 states studied, São Paulo was ranked 3rd in terms of cost, requiring only about 10.1% of GDP per capita. In Brazil, there is a high cost of doing business; estimated to have accounted for 42% of output in 2002–2003, com-pared with 16% in China and 26% in India. In November 2010 the government of São Paulo created the São Paulo System of Technological-Based Business Incubators, which is located in São Paulo city and seeks to support, stimulate and strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship in São Paulo. The State of São Paulo has 5 financial funds offered by agencies aimed at the promotion and development of innovation, research and development of products and pro-cesses, and small businesses.

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Overall score for technology C

The MRSP efforts in sustainability and green economy development are strong and well coordinated. The Metro-politan Region of São Paulo has one of the most diversi-fied industrial parks in Latin America, and is surrounded by almost 40 industrial suburbs that are positioned on all sides of the metro. R&D is well supported and the 2012 Milken Innovation Scorecard ranks Brazil as (slightly) above average for University-Industry collaboration. Despite the ranking, public agency efforts with regards to university-industry col-laboration are largely uncoordinated and take longer to yield quantifiable results, making partnership quite difficult. The technology industry is growing, but the level of patents and the frustrations that come with establishing business will have to be addressed in order to really incentivize innovation on a greater scale.

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TOLERANCE SCORECARD

Tolerance Score Justification

Diversity C

São Paulo is the most cosmopolitan part of South America. It credits its development to its many immigrants including Japanese, Israelis, Arabs, Germans, Polish, Spanish and Italians. More people from Japan live in São Paulo than in any other community outside of Japan, and they make up a large proportion of the highly educated professional demo-graphic of the city. However, the whole immigrant population is not large and only amounts to a little over 1.3% in 2011.

Immigration B

The Southern cities of Brazil have the highest rates of immi-gration; São Paulo is no exception as a southern city. In fact, São Paulo state receives the largest number of immigrants, although that number is diminishing as Brazil no longer receives outsiders with the ease it did before, and obtaining citizenship is difficult. Since 1991, the number of for-eigners living in São Paulo has fallen by 63% (to a little over 250,000). The city takes pride in its immigrants and acknow-ledges them as an integral part of the history and develop-ment of the city. From 1887, the Hospedaria do Imigrante (Immigrants Hostel) — now a museum — housed almost 3 million people, all of who were immigrants. Historically, São Paulo had a specific and well developed immigration policy because of a labor shortage.

Visible Minority D

The immigrant population is only about 1.3% of the metro’s population and consists of Japanese, Israelis, Arabs, Ger-mans, Polish, Spanish and Italians. Of the immigrant groups, the Japanese are the only one that seem to do particularly well in São Paulo.

Integration B

Many of the ethnicities that are represented in São Paulo have created communities for themselves within the metro, and elements of the various cultures represented in Brazil have become part of the São Paulo culture in general and are infused in the food, music, and festivals of the city. Ethnicities such as the Japanese have done very well in São Paulo; they make up a large proportion of the highly educated profes-sional strata. According to Encyclopedia Britannica Online, “a high degree of assimilation exists among the different ethnic communities … social tensions are generally much more rooted in economics than in ethnicity.” Most black Brazilians live in the poorest parts of cities, go to the worst schools, and have very little representation in the higher ech-elons of business and politics. The poorest neighborhoods would include the favelas, which are primarily disconnected from most of the city’s infrastructure and public ser-vices (including transportation). The economic reforms of President Lula and the election of Barak Obama in the U.S. have encouraged more black Brazilians to pursue higher aspirations in business and politics.

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Multiculturalism B

São Paulo is a melting pot of cultures, given its immigration policies and tendencies historically — which involved gov-ernment agreements with companies in Brazil that wanted to import labor, and the provision of facilities for accom-modating immigrants such as the Immigrants Hostel. The cultures represented in São Paulo society are Japanese, Israeli, Arab, Polish, Spanish, Italian, African, Lebanese, and of course Portuguese.

Gay and Lesbian Population B-

In the 2010 Global Creativity Index, Brazil is ranked at 21st (among over 70 countries) for gay and lesbian tolerance. According to the 2010 Population Census released by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Brazil has more than 60 thousand gay couples. Of all the Brazilian states, São Paulo has the largest number of gay couples, with 16,872 in total. While the ranking may not be bad, LGBTQ Brazilians suffer significant violence and discrimina-tion because of their orientation. According to Grupo Gay Bahia, 260 homosexuals were murdered in 2010, in 2009, 198 homosexuals in Brazil were murdered. The numbers have increased steadily over a 4-year period, as in 2008 there were 189 deaths, and 122 in 2007. Transvestites make up about 37% of victims of violent crimes against the LGBTQ community. It seems though that despite the discrimination the LGBTQ community is growing faster than anticipated in Brazil. There are establishments, such as hotels, in the country that openly disclose being gay friendly, train their staff to facilitate LGBTQ clients, and seek to attract this demographic. More and more acceptance of the LGBTQ community is taking place as the population grows. In 2011, a Gay Pride Parade hosted in São Paulo city saw close to 4 million people in attendance, the largest in the world so far. Additionally, that year a judge approved Brazil’s first gay marriage (from a civil union arrangement), which has created a ripple effect of gay couples in civil unions getting married.

Religious Diversity C-

Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion, and the arch-diocese of São Paulo is one of the largest. However, the Pentecostal Christian groups are growing quickly, and there is also a significant Jewish population. Other reli-gious groups such as Afro-Brazilian, Syncretic, and Spiritist groups are much smaller in number.

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Openness B

Historically, immigrants from a variety of cultures and eth-nicities were well facilitated in the city through and institu-tions such as the Memorial do Imigrante are testament to the openness of the city with regard to immigrants and other cultures. According to an article in PostWesternWorld, “Brazil no longer receives outsiders with the ease other countries such as the United States do…Brazil’s immigra-tion policy makes it difficult for foreigners to work in Brazil.” While there is some acceptance of the Gay and Lesbian population, and it is growing quite rapidly, members of the community still suffer significant levels of violence. Addition-ally, legislation is slow moving in granting LGBTQ people equal rights as heterosexuals such as marriage, etc.

Civil Rights C

The Civil Rights movement in Brazil, while not as strong or as successful as in the US is marked by the establishment of several civil rights groups throughout the country’s his-tory. In São Paulo city, organizations such as Frente Negra Brasileira (Brazilian Black Front), began the movement in the 1930s, demanding full participating rights for Afro-Bra-zilians. Within the state of São Paulo, an increasing number of Black people and mulattos have been appointed to top government positions since the 1980s, and more of them are gaining access to university education. According to a 1999 publication by the Minority Rights Group International, “Afro-Brazilians remain under represented, and the concept of civil or human right in Brazil continues to be ill-defined, partly because the socio-economic and political institutions are resistant to change.” This is evidenced in the current socio-economic conditions of the majority of the visible minority population. Beyond that, LGBTQ rights have been making progress. The 2010 Global Creativity Index ranks Brazil 21st, among over 70 countries, for gay and lesbian tolerance. As of 2011 same-sex couples can legally be married and are no longer limited to civil-unions.

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Bohemians A

The city offers an intense artistic and cultural life. Vale do Anhangabaú, which divides the old and the new part of the city’s downtown, has many works of art (sculptures), and even the headquarters of São Paulo’s government, Palácio dos Bandeirantes, has an extensive art collection. São Paulo offers numerous cultural options such as distinguished orchestras, operas, ballets, exhibitions and concerts from all over the world as well as blues, jazz and dance shows and many festivals. The São Paulo Biennial is one of the largest art exhibitions in the Southern Hemisphere. São Paulo is at the forefront of literature, painting and theatre in Brazil, and the São Paulo Art Museum is one of the best in South America.

Overall score for tolerance C-

While São Paulo has a rich history of welcoming immigrants, and of being open to other cultures, the number of immi-grants is small and has been declining due to less open poli-cies and the diminishing appeal of the metro to foreigners. The MRSP’s multiculturalism does indicate a certain level of openness, and some immigrants can integrate into the city quite well and prosper there. In contrast, the city needs to address the socio-economic status and treatment of Afro-Brazilians and the violence suffered by the LGBTQ popula-tion, though the community is growing.

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AMENITIES AND QUALITY OF PLACE SCORECARDAmenities and Quality of Place

Score Justification

The SOBs (Symphony, Opera, Ballet)

A-

Since July 1999, Estação Julio Prestes, a monumental railway station and historic site, has been housing the head-quarters of Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (“Symphonic Orchestra of São Paulo”). Its big halls have been transformed into a modern concert room, and its rooms are the home of a music school. The São Paulo state symphony orchestra is advanced in music and the city’s municipal theatre has hosted many international orchestras, soloists, and dance troupes. The artistic body of the Theatro Municipal de São Paulo consists of the Municipal Symphony Orchestra, Orquestra Experimental Repertory, City Ballet of City of São Paulo, String Quartet of St. Paul, Lyric Coral, Coral Paulistano and the Schools of Dance and Music São Paulo. The City Ballet has received international acclaim, particularly in Europe. The String Quartet of St. Paul is one of the most distinguished chamber groups in Latin America, has performed internationally, and features musicians of international prestige. The courses of the School of Music of São Paulo are free.

Museums B

There are over 10 major museums and monuments in São Paulo that offer a wide variety including art, animals and insects, and plants. Museu de Arte Sacra (Sacred Art Museum) has a collection comprised mostly of furniture, golden and silver objects, paintings and sculptures from the colonial period. The building in which it is housed is also a monastery. The Palácio dos Bandeirantes, which is the headquarters of São Paulo’s government, has a rich art collection totaling approximately 1,680 works of art. Specific areas are open to the public when scheduled in advance. Additionally, there are several museums in neighboring cities in the state of São Paulo. The São Paulo Art Museum is one of the best in South America.

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Amenities and Quality of Place

Score Justification

Entertainment and Nightlife A

The city has hundreds of bars, discos and nightclubs, the-atres, cinemas, performances, concerts, dance shows and pubs. Due to the blend of people living in the city, the music scene in São Paulo is extremely diverse, with representa-tion from country, classical, Brazilian pop, samba, rap, rock, and chorinho. Many clubs have a minimum drink charge for entry, and a tab that is run for the entire night, which is paid upon exit. Orchestras, operas, ballets, exhibitions and con-certs from all over the worlds as well as blues, jazz, theatre and dance shows and many festivals are options for enter-tainment and nightlife. Many neighborhoods have their own small entertainment district and the nightlife in São Paulo is so vibrant that traffic is an issue even late at night as many people are on the streets enjoying the city. Frommer’s describes São Paulo’s theatre scene as “positively thrilling”, and confirms the metro’s position as Brazil’s cultural capital.

Crime Rate D

Encyclopedia Britannica online describes São Paulo’s crime statistics as “disheartening”, and states that its murder and violent crime rates are “disproportionately high for Brazil”. However, the city was able to reduce the homicide rate from 60.2 homicides per 100,000 in 2000 to 15.6 per 100,000 in 2010 (below the national average at the time). The high crime rates may be due in part to the large disparity between the very rich and the very poor in the Metro; a dynamic which tends to produce increased levels of crime. Additionally, the industrial sector has not been able to absorb the growing labor force fast enough, which has resulted in increased underemployment among the poorly educated, and a resulting increase in crime rates.

Recreation Facilities A

Mercado Municipal (former Mercado Central), is a 10-metre high building with windows with agricultural themes. It is an important supply and leisure centre in the MRSP that offers a great variety of products. There are over 15 major parks in São Paulo state, and squares and parks mark São Paulo’s city centre. The major parks offer a variety of facilities and activities for all ages such as running tracks and gymnastic equipment. Some parks are part of larger institutes such as Instituto Butantan, which has two museums, a multi-media research station, and a hospital. Other parks offer volleyball and basketball facilities as well as soccer courts, skate lanes, tennis courts, amphitheaters and barbeque areas. Parks vary in size and can be as large as 3,700 acres. Many of the parks also serve as environmental preserves and homes for endangered species. The Anhembi Park is located in the MRSP and is the largest in Latin America. The São Paulo Zoo is one of the world’s largest.

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Score Justification

Neighbourhoods A-

Though many of the cities in the MRSP seem the same, there are features and characteristics of each that make them unique. There are neighborhoods in São Paulo city that reflect its diversity and multiculturalism including an Italian neighborhood (Bela Vista), a Japanese neighborhood (Liber-dade), an Arabian neighborhood (25 de Marco which is very commercial), and an Israeli neighborhood (Jose Paulino). There are many business districts emerging on the outskirts of São Paulo’s urban centre of high rises. Areas such as the Avenida Paulista is the centre of the metro’s financial life and has many pricey boutiques, restaurants, and night clubs. Many neighborhoods have their own small entertainment dis-tricts. The southwest quadrant of São Paulo’s centre features upscale districts and residential areas. North of São Paulo’s centre are working-class neighborhoods interspersed with a few favelas. Most of the cities favelas are far removed from the city centre and disconnected from city services.

Scenes A

São Paulo is known for its food scene, as the multiculturalism has provided the city with a variety of dining options from all over the world. This multiculturalism has also affected the music and club scene in São Paulo, which is the centre of Brazil’s music and recording industry, and which offers hun-dreds of clubs, discos, and dance shows that feature a wide variety of music genres. The sports scene is also very large in São Paulo, and is dominated by football (soccer). Many of the city’s teams are of international caliber. Also popular are swimming, tennis, volleyball and auto-racing. São Paulo has one of the world’s largest auto-racing tracks and hosts Bra-zil’s Grand Prix.

Public Transit C

São Paulo has three major airports and several smaller ones that provide both international and domestic service. Marine transport is provided through the Port of Santos and São Paulo is a hub for railroads. Bus transport remains the most common form of public transport and São Paulo city boasts an extensive bus network. Unfortunately, while the network is modern and relatively efficient, it does not cover the entire MRSP, but primarily São Paulo City, and there are only four main lines. The city is building a fifth line, but progress has been slow. The city and state are working together on a US$18 billion plan to create new metro lines, bus terminals, and an improved traffic control and signaling system by 2020. In 2011, the São Paulo city legislative assembly (Câmara Municipal) and a non-governmental organization, Rede Nossa São Paulo, led a public consultation where 33,400 people were interviewed. Of those interviewed, 77.41% of people cited transportation as the city’s primary problem. 58.95% of those interviewed wanted lower prices for buses, trains, and the subway.

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Score Justification

Bike Paths BSeveral of the parks in São Paulo offer walking and running tracks as long as 3,000 meters. The Parque Villa Lobos offers a 1,650 metre bike track.

Civic Capital (NGOs, Non-Profits) A

There are over 500 NGOs and non-profits in São Paulo State. Work ranges from environment, children, and over-seas aid, to health, security and violence, and human and women’s rights. Some focus on more marginalized and minority groups, such as Black women and those who find it difficult to own land or real estate because of socio-economics. Some NGO’s are as specialized as the Bra-zilian Society of Research and Assistance for Craniofacial Rehabilitation, which seeks to provide multidisciplinary treatment for individuals affected by craniofacial deformities. The city also hosts offices for international organizations such as Oxfam and Greenpeace.

Built Form Investment A

São Paulo city is filled with monuments and architecture that are testaments to its rich history, though not as many as other Brazilian cities. Many of the buildings, structures, and aqueducts have been well preserved and/or renovated throughout the last century. These add to the beauty off the city, while maintaining and preserving its history. Estação Julio Prestes, a monumental railway station and historic site built in 1926 was restored by the Government of the State of São Paulo and is now the HQ of the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (“Symphonic Orchestra of São Paulo”).

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Score Justification

Infrastructure (Utilities, Roads, etc.) B+

The MRSP has the most modern infrastructure in the country with regard to transport, telecommunications, and information technology. Electricity is available in abundance due to a hydroelectric dam shared with Paraguay — one of the largest in the world. Telecommunications were greatly improved due to privatization in the 1990s. São Paulo city has a well known and well-equipped system of hospital and medical assistance; a system which is made better by the city’s proliferation of health-focused research and develop-ment facilities such as The Human Genome Research Center. According to the International Congress & Conven-tion Association (ICCA), São Paulo is among the top 20 des-tinations for events in the world. There are several centres for shows, exhibitions and conventions with almost 700,000 square meters for the facilitation of events. The two most important airports in Brazil are in São Paulo, the Airport of Congonhas and the International Airport of São Paulo. In 2010, more than 42 million passengers travelled through those airports. Despite street and highway improvements, traffic congestion is a growing problem in the city and is a major contributor to air and noise pollution.

Overall score for amenities and quality of place

B+

São Paulo’s nightlife, recreational facilities, infrastructure, SOBs, and scenes are excellent. Neighborhoods are diverse and reflect the metro’s multiculturalism, and many have their own entertainment districts. In addition to the great nightlife offered, the city also facilitates daytime activities through many parks that have sports and other recreational facilities built in. However, the metro will have to address its crime rate, and find ways to reduce the cost of public transporta-tion and improve so that those on the outskirts of São Paulo will have easy access to the city and its resources.

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REFERENCESThe Facts and Economy and Labour Force:Business in Brazil — The largest corporations operating in Brazil. (n.d.) Retrieved August 31, 2012 from

http://www.v-brazil.com/business/largest-corporations.html.

Fundação SEADE. (2012, August 20). Perfil Municipal: Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (Municipal Profile: Metropolitan Region of São Paulo). Retrieved August 23, 2012 from http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/perfil/perfilMunEstado.php

Governo Do Estado de São Paulo. (n.d.). About SP: A World Called São Paulo. Retrieved August 16, 2012 from http://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/en/conhecasp/index.php

Hult International Business School — São Paulo Rotational Center — About São Paulo. (n.d.). Retrieved August 31, 2012 from http://www.hult.edu/en/campuses/sao-paulo-rotation-center/about-sao-paulo/

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Grew, T. (2008, September 19). Brazil’s President backs same-sex unions. PinkNews.co.uk. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2008/09/19/brazils-president-back-same-sex-unions/

Lauriano, C., Duarte, N. (2011, April 29). Censo 2010 contabiliza mais de 60 mil casais homossexuais (2010 Census counts more than 60,000 gay couples). Globo.com. Retrieved August 22, 2012

Spencer, M. (2012, May 25). Fully-recognised civil unions in Brazil are one step closer. PinkNews.co.uk. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/05/25/fully-recognised-civil-unions-in-brazil-are-one-step-closer/

Staff Writer. (2010, June 7). Millions of gays and lesbians join São Paulo Pride. PinkNews.co.uk. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2010/06/07/millions-of-gays-and-lesbians-join-sao-paulo-pride/ from http://g1.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2011/04/censo-2010-contabiliza-mais-de-60-mil-casais-homossexuais.html

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