So how fast does a scallop grow? · 5/4/2017 · Roger Mann*, Chase M. Long, Dave Rudders, Sally...
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So how fast does a scallop grow? Roger Mann*, Chase M. Long, Dave Rudders, Sally Roman Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point, VA 23062 *[email protected] , 804-684-7360 RSA Share Day, May 4, 2017
Transcript of So how fast does a scallop grow? · 5/4/2017 · Roger Mann*, Chase M. Long, Dave Rudders, Sally...
So how fast does a scallop grow?
Roger Mann*, Chase M. Long, Dave Rudders, Sally Roman
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
Gloucester Point, VA 23062
*[email protected], 804-684-7360
RSA Share Day, May 4, 2017
Why the interest in growth rate?
• Fundamental to fishery management
• Does it vary over latitude (southwest to northeast)?
• Does it vary over depth (onshore to offshore)?
• Does it vary over time (~1982-present)?
• Is there any evidence to suggest that any (or all) of these are being driven by environmental change?
A little background on our lab and how we do things?
• Long standing interest in the growth and physiology of shellfish – in recent years with focus on oyster, hard clams, surf clams and ocean quahogs.
• Bivalves leave records of their growth in their shells. This is typically seen as external signatures and patterns on the shell surface, but those patterns can be eroded…
• So we examine internal growth lines that are preserved over the life time of the individual.
Constructing a growth curve for the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria
We can discriminate and count very large numbers of growth signatures – this is from an ocean quahog
An example of a polished cross-section through the hinge plate of an ocean quahog. The early-in-life annual growth lines are annotated (black dots) with markers using the ObjectJ plugin for the software ImageJ.
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2012
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These are signatures of wind driven mixing events in the water column in the fall months
Annual growth signatures
So we can measure growth increments and rate in clams – is there evidence of changing rates or size over time and space in other species that share the MAB and Georges Bank with scallops? Yes, there is – the maximum size (Lmax) of surf clams is getting smaller.
Source - Munroe et al 2016. ECCS. Fig. 2. Surfclam asymptotic length (Lmax) over time derived from growth curves fit to fishery survey observations made within stratum 21 using a von Bertalanffy growth relationship.
Effects of increasing bottom water temperature on growth rates of ocean
quahogs throughout the Mid-Atlantic
Pace, S. M.; Powell, E. N.; Mann, R.; Klinck, J.
Ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica) are the longest-lived, non-colonial animal known
today, with maximum life span estimates exceeding 500 years. …..That is, ALOG
growth curve parameter values vary with birth date at the southern sites, with
younger animals growing at a much faster rate than those born many decades
ago, while at the northern sites, changes in growth rates through time are
limited or not present.
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New Jersey Long Island
So back to scallops and this project…There is an archive of scallop shells dating back to the early 1977 in the NEFSC warehouse at Pocasset…..
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About these scallop shells• These were collected mostly on annual surveys (Albatross) but also include
some industry vessels
• There is very limited age and growth data on these samples before late 1990’s (some collections have never been touched since they were collected - they are dusty and very moldy, but all the labels are intact)
• They span an era from intense fishing through managed fishing
• They correspond to the period of decreased max size in surf clams and the increasing growth rate with increasing temperature in ocean quahogs
• They cover both the latitudinal and bathymetric ranges
• So we can address questions of growth rate and its possible changes (even continuing change) over time and space.
• Recall that the data from clams suggests this is a period of environmental change…..
Distribution of stations sampled by NEFSC (1982-1998) but not all have shells in the collection
Distribution of stations represented in the 1977-1998 archive materials currently at VIMS
Targeted stations for examination by year, location and depth
Original methods plan (and what really works)
• Measurement of external growth lines, use the increments to generate age v length curves.
• Section the valves or the hinge regions and count the internal lines
• Blind check with isotopes of oxygen in the carbonate of the shell (Chute et al 2012).
• So how well are we doing?
Variability in quality complicates identification
What is quite remarkable about sectioning both the entire shell and across the “ear” is that that there are abundant external growth signatures but very little corresponding internal signatures. But all is not lost….(I will give you the additional methods a bit later, back to the growth rings……)
Using external growth increments we can generate growth curves by sequential measures of growth signatures at increasing distance from the hinge and fit a von Bertalanffy curve, or measure growth increments alone (which can be accomplished even if you cannot distinguish the early growth signatures) and use a Ford-Walfordplot of Lt v Lt+1. The latter can be improved using the linear mixed effects model described by Hart and Chute (2009, ICES 66: 2165-2175). We have not yet completed all measurements and run the mixed effects model, so the data I am showing today are simply the Lt v Lt+1 plots (after double blind reading).
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Georges Bank: age v shell length
y = 0.73x + 39.2R² = 0.998
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Lt+1 = a bLtLinf = a/1-bK= -log bLinf= 146.8mmK= 0.31
VA/NC Border1982 1988
k 0.36 0.37
Sdev 0.127 0.114
Linf 151.2 147.4
Sdev 14 16.1
y = 0.7303x + 38.677R² = 0.9933
y = 0.5545x + 64.092R² = 0.9344
y = 0.7416x + 45.469R² = 0.9791
y = 0.747x + 37.473R² = 0.9682
y = 0.7253x + 39.723R² = 0.996
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1982 Station 097: VA/NC Border
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y = 0.7587x + 37.363R² = 0.9709
y = 0.6702x + 46.852R² = 0.9722
y = 0.7386x + 42.894R² = 0.9808
y = 0.5692x + 52.406R² = 0.9337
y = 0.6697x + 44.247R² = 0.9783
y = 0.772x + 36.938R² = 0.9694
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1988 Station 063: VA/NC Border
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DelMarVa1982 1992
k 0.55 0.52
Sdev 0.134 0.107
Linf 151.2 134.2
Sdev 14 7.6
y = 0.8364x + 32.664R² = 0.9811
y = 0.5125x + 75.883R² = 0.9974
y = 0.5997x + 62.922R² = 0.9949
y = 0.684x + 52.549R² = 0.9908
y = 0.5237x + 65.798R² = 0.8976
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1982 Station 121: DelMarVa
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y = 0.5758x + 60.584R² = 0.9995
y = 0.6762x + 41.689R² = 0.9762
y = 0.5307x + 56.467R² = 1
y = 0.6831x + 43.593R² = 0.8949
y = 0.5834x + 57.097R² = 0.9778
y = 0.5237x + 63.627R² = 0.9749
y = 0.6222x + 52.588R² = 0.979
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1992 073: DelMarVa
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y = 0.7484x + 41.433R² = 0.9946
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1982 Station 027: Hudson Canyon
1982027001
y = 0.6763x + 41.082R² = 0.9492
y = 0.6852x + 41.934R² = 0.9998
y = 0.6347x + 48.217R² = 0.9817
y = 0.62x + 47.997R² = 0.9997
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1992 Station 154: Hudson Canyon
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Hudson Canyon
1982 1992
k 0.29 0.426
Sdev N/A 0.049
Linf 164.7 129.6
Sdev N/A 3.5
Nantucket Lightship1982 1994
k 0.41 0.41
Sdev 0.053 0.343
Linf 153.9 150.7
Sdev 8.8 27.9
y = 0.6431x + 56.215R² = 0.9749
y = 0.65x + 53.068R² = 0.9744
y = 0.645x + 52.556R² = 0.9811
y = 0.7276x + 46.332R² = 0.9656
y = 0.6288x + 54.356R² = 0.9669
y = 0.6754x + 48.535R² = 0.9903
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1982 Station 329: Nantucket Lightship
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y = 0.8568x + 25.849R² = 0.9771
y = 0.4511x + 68.739R² = 1
y = 0.7654x + 34.33R² = 0.9806
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1994 Station 435: Nantucket Lightship
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Nantucket Lightship1982 1994
k 0.41 0.52
Sdev 0.053 0.132
Linf 153.9 145.7
Sdev 8.8 12.3
y = 0.6431x + 56.215R² = 0.9749
y = 0.65x + 53.068R² = 0.9744
y = 0.645x + 52.556R² = 0.9811
y = 0.7276x + 46.332R² = 0.9656
y = 0.6288x + 54.356R² = 0.9669
y = 0.6754x + 48.535R² = 0.9903
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1982 Station 329: Nantucket Lightship
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y = 0.6522x + 51.07R² = 0.9989
y = 0.6273x + 49.538R² = 0.9779
y = 0.5102x + 77.109R² = 0.9926
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1994 Station 441: Nantucket Lightship
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Nantucket Lightship1982 1994
k 0.41 0.46
Sdev 0.053 0.241
Linf 153.9 148.2
Sdev 8.8 19.5
y = 0.6431x + 56.215R² = 0.9749
y = 0.65x + 53.068R² = 0.9744
y = 0.645x + 52.556R² = 0.9811
y = 0.7276x + 46.332R² = 0.9656
y = 0.6288x + 54.356R² = 0.9669
y = 0.6754x + 48.535R² = 0.9903
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1982 Station 329: Nantucket Lightship
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1982329012
y = 0.6522x + 51.07R² = 0.9989
y = 0.6273x + 49.538R² = 0.9779
y = 0.5102x + 77.109R² = 0.9926
y = 0.8568x + 25.849R² = 0.9771
y = 0.4511x + 68.739R² = 1
y = 0.7654x + 34.33R² = 0.9806
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1994 Station 435 & 441: Nantucket Lightship
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y = 0.5251x + 56.208R² = 0.9842
y = 0.4885x + 66.263R² = 0.9695
y = 0.7262x + 41.391R² = 0.9655
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1982 Station 421: NE Georges Bank
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y = 0.4422x + 70.246
y = 0.6859x + 39.56R² = 0.9999
y = 0.8515x + 24.455R² = 0.9901
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1994 Station 376: NE Georges Bank
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NE Georges Bank1982 1994
k 0.56 0.451
Sdev 0.211 0.334
Linf 133 138.8
Sdev 16.7 22.4
So we have an abundance of Lt v Lt+1 plots, and from these we generate estimates of k (how fast scallops grow), and Linf (how big scallops grow). But we still have not shown you an independent method to insure the rings we measure are annual. Well, we have two such methods: internal hinge structure and isotopes…
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y = 0.73x + 39.2R² = 0.998
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Lt+1 = a bLtLinf = a/1-bK= -log bLinf= 146.8mmK= 0.31
Hinge = [ligament + resilium] and cross sections. Merrill and co-authors (1977) suggested number of resilium lines = estimated age….recall how the lines are spaced proportionately across the shell, they are similarly spaced across the resilium….. And we are currently examining them as blind estimates of age in our archived scallops.
CaCO3
18O 16O
Source: Chute et al 2012
Contact Information
Robert Michener
IRMS Laboratory Manager
Boston University Stable Isotope
Laboratory
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215
Voice: 617-353-6980
Fax: 617-353-6340
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.bu.edu/sil/
Laboratory Directors:
Dr. Pamela H. Templer
Assistant Professor
Department of Biology
5 Cummington Street
Boston University
Boston, MA 02215
Phone: (617)353-6978
Fax: (617)353-5383
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: people.bu.edu/ptempler
Dr. Adrien Finzi
Associate Professor
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215
Phone: 617-353-2453
Fax: 617-353-6340
E-mail: [email protected]
Ship to:
Boston University Stable Isotope
Laboratory
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215 USA
Lab description, price list, and services
offered.
1 June 2007
For further information, please contact
the Lab Manager:
Robert Michener
IRMS Laboratory Manager
Boston University Stable Isotope
Laboratory
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215
Voice: 617-353-6980
Fax: 617-353-6340
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.bu.edu/sil/
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Contact Information
Robert Michener
IRMS Laboratory Manager
Boston University Stable Isotope
Laboratory
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215
Voice: 617-353-6980
Fax: 617-353-6340
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.bu.edu/sil/
Laboratory Directors:
Dr. Pamela H. Templer
Assistant Professor
Department of Biology
5 Cummington Street
Boston University
Boston, MA 02215
Phone: (617)353-6978
Fax: (617)353-5383
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: people.bu.edu/ptempler
Dr. Adrien Finzi
Associate Professor
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215
Phone: 617-353-2453
Fax: 617-353-6340
E-mail: [email protected]
Ship to:
Boston University Stable Isotope
Laboratory
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215 USA
Lab description, price list, and services
offered.
1 June 2007
For further information, please contact
the Lab Manager:
Robert Michener
IRMS Laboratory Manager
Boston University Stable Isotope
Laboratory
Department of Biology
5 Cummington St.
Boston, MA 02215
Voice: 617-353-6980
Fax: 617-353-6340
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.bu.edu/sil/
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Isotopes do not lie….(Howard Spero, Professor Emeritus, U California Davis).
CO2 + H20 = H+ + HCO3- = 2H+ + CO3
-- then Ca++ + CO3-- = CaCO3
Still left to be completed
• Age estimates from external signatures from remaining archive samples (2 years of stations left); shells from 2014-2016 (N-S and with depth); NLS slow growth shells; Rudders mark & recapture (2016 ongoing).
• Conclude “blind” reading of external lines (week of 5/15/2017).
• Select individuals for resilium and isotope work (week of 5/15/2017).
• Complete data collection analyses summer 2017.
• Write report Fall 2017.
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