SNVVS’S SGV AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITL AND ...
Transcript of SNVVS’S SGV AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITL AND ...
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 28
ISSN: 2395-6682
Volume 8, Issue 2, 2021
DOI (Journal): 10.37591/RRJoASYN
STM JOURNALS
Research & Reviews: A Journal of
Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy
http://medicaljournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoASYN/index
Research RRJOASYN
Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Study of-
Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)
Sarojini Devidas Byadigi1,*, Subrahmanya Padyana2
Abstract
Objective: To carry out pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on each part of Adhahapushpi
(Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) belonging to the family Boraginaceae. Methods: The root, leaf,
stem, flower and fruits of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) were assessed for
pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopic, microscopy, powder study, and quantitative
microscopy. The powder was assessed for proximate analysis like ash value, extracting value,
moisture content, elemental analysis, and preliminary phytochemical studies. Results: The study
showed microscopic and phytochemical properties which will help in identification and
standardisation of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.). Conclusion: The study
discloses precise identifying characteristics for the crude drug which will be of substantial use in
identification and prevention of adulteration of the raw drug and can help as a reference for any
further investigations.
Keywords: Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br., Boraginaceae, Adhahapushpi, pharmacognostical,
phytochemical
INTRODUCTION
Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. belonging to the family, Boraginaceae, is an annual erect, much
branched very hispid herb [1]. It is distributed throughout the greater part of India, in the plains,
Baluchisthan, Ceylon, Afghanistan, Persia, and Mauritius. The therapeutic uses of the drug are: it is
held in repute in snake bites, also considered diuretic. In the Deccan, the plant is used as an emollient
poultice. In Chota Nagpur, the root pounded and made into a paste is applied to reduce swellings,
particularly of joints. In Chattisagarh state, tribal people are using Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
for the treatment of breast cancer [2]. Research works on its anticancer activity have been carried out
against human breast cancer, cervical cancer and laryngeal epithelial cell lines [3]. However it is not
included in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India, so the study is aimed to conduct pharmacognostic and
preliminary phytochemical study of each part of
the drug.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
First step in standardisation is identification of
drug by organoleptic microscopic methods,
macroscopic methods, physical methods, and
chemical methods [4]. Microscopic, macroscopic,
and physical methods will help in identification of
the drug. By chemical methods, we can identify
and isolate bioactive compounds. So, the study is
divided into three parts viz.:
1. Organoleptic microscopic methods,
macroscopic methods.
*Author for Correspondence
Sarojini Devidas Byadigi
E-mail: [email protected]
1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India 2Professor, Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s
Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India
Received Date: March 05, 2021
Accepted Date: May 13, 2021 Published Date: June 19, 2021
Citation: Sarojini Devidas Byadigi, Subrahmanya Padyana. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Study of-
Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.). Research
& Reviews: A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy. 2021; 8(2): 28–44p.
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 29
2. Physical methods
3. Chemical methods.
Organoleptic Microscopic Methods, Macroscopic Methods
Authentication, Collection and Preparation of Plant Material
Fresh and fully grown plants of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. were collected from the Western
Ghat area of Khanapur in the month of October–November. The plant was authenticated by Dr.
Harsha Hegade, scientist RCMR, Belagavi and voucher specimen PHD/SDB/AAMC-11 was
deposited to the Department of Dravyagunavignana, Alvas Ayurvedic Medical College, Moodbidri.
After authentication of plant, the plant was studied for macroscopy and microscopy of leaf, stem,
flower, fruit and root. Then the plant was dried under shade. The material was powdered separately
and stored in airtight containers and used for further studies.
Macroscopic/Organoleptic Characters
Organoleptic characters were assessed through sense organs. Organoleptic characters such as shape,
size, colour, odour, taste and fracture of stem bark, leaf structure like margin, apex, base surface,
venation and inflorescence, etc. were evaluated.
Microscopical Determination
For the preparation of transverse section of each part of plant, i.e. root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit:
With the help of pith, thin transverse section of each part was taken with sharp razor and washed in
water followed by staining in safronin stain for 2–3 min. Then the sections were washed in water to
remove extra staining and the sections were put on clean glass slide. A drop of glycerine solution was
put and mounted the slide under the microscope in 10x and 45x objective lens. The presence/absence
of epidermal cells, covering trichomes, xylem, phloem, stomata and collenchyma were observed [5].
Powder Characteristics
For powder preparation of leaves, stems, fruit and root of Trichodesma indicum were dried under
shade. They were powdered by grinding and passed through the sieve number 60. Finally, the coarse
powders were subjected for microscopical examination. Slides were prepared same as mentioned in
above method [6].
Quantitative Microscopy
Quantitative microscopy including stomatal number, stomatal index, palisade ratio, vein-islet
number, and veinlet termination number was also determined using prescribed methods [7].
Proximate Analysis
Proximate analysis of powders of leaves and stems, fruit and root of Trichodesma indicum was
carried out using methods prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India by subjecting them to
various determinations like: Water soluble extractive value, Alcohol soluble extractive value [8],
Methanol soluble extractive value [9], Chloroform soluble extractive value [10], Toluene soluble
extractive value [11], Total Ash [12], Acid insoluble ash [13], Water soluble ash [14], Moisture
content [15], and Swelling Index [16].
Preliminary Phytochemical Studies [17]
The drug powder is extracted with water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform and toluene by using cold
maceration method. The extractives were dried by evaporation of solvent under reduced pressure by
rotary evaporator. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out according to standard
procedures explained in Ayurveda Pharmacopeia of India and recorded.
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ISSN: 2395-6682
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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening
The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol and water, methanol, chloroform and
toluene (cold) extracts of powder of root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma
Indicum Linn. R. Br.) were carried out using standard laboratory procedures, to detect the presence of
different secondary metabolites (phytochemical constituents) such as carbohydrates, reducing sugars,
monosaccharaides, pentose, hexose, non-reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, fats and oils, steroids,
flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins.
Chromatography [18]
• Stationary phase: TLC plate coated with 0.25 mm layer of silica gel 60F254 with fluorescent
indicator was used (Each plate dimension is 10 cm long and 2 cm width).
• Activation of pre-coated silica gel 60F254: Plates were dried in hot oven at 105°C for 1½ h.
• Solvent system: Toluene:Ethylacetate (7:3).
Procedure
Apply 10 µl each extract of Adhahapushpi, Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. On a TLC plate as
bands of 10 mm develop the plate to a distance of 8 cm from the line of application. Dry the plate in
air and spray with solution of Vanillin sulphuric acid reagent. Heat the plate at 110°C for about 5 min
or till the bands are clearly visible.
RESULTS
Organoleptic Characters
Leaf of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
Figure 1 shows the macroscopy of leaf, stem, root, flower, fruit and seeds of Trichodesma Indicum
Linn. R. Br. and Table 1 shows the organoleptic characters of leaf of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
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Figure 1. Macroscopy of Leaf, stem, root, flower, fruit and seeds of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
Table 1. Organoleptic characters of Leaf of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
Leaf Stem Root Flower Fruit
Shape Oblong, lanceolate Rounded Rounded Ellipsoid
Size Length: 3–10 cm,
width: 0.5–3 cm
50 cm long and 0.2–
0.3 cm in width
10 cm long and
1–2 cm in width
Sepal tube (calyx):
1–13 cm long
5 mm long
Colour Green above and
pale green beneath
Pale Green when wet,
light brown when dry
Light brown White-violet when
wet
Pale Green when wet,
light brown when dry
Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless
Taste Madhura, Katu Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless
Fracture of
stem bark
Brittle Brittle
Transverse Section of Leaf
TS Microscopy of Leaf (Figure 2)
Figure shows details of microscopy of leaf.
(a) 4X
(b) 20X
(c) 10X
(d) 10X
Figure 2. Characters observed in the TS Microscopy: Upper epidermis, lower epidermis, Trichomes
and vascular bundles (a), Trichome (b), Stomata and Trichomes (c), Anisocytic stomata (d).
(a)
(c) (d)
(a)
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TS Microscopy of Stem (Figure 3)
The figure shows the vascular bundle, trichome etc.
(a) 10X
(b) 20X
(c) 20X
Figure 3. Characters Observed in the TS microscopy: Cork, Trichome, Vessels and Pith (a),
Trichome (b), Vessels (c).
TS Microscopy of Ovule (Figure 4)
The figure shows the ovary wall with ovule of Trichodesma indicum.
(a) 4X
(b) 10X
(c) 4X
(d) 20X
Figure 4. Characters observed in the TS Microscopy: Ovary wall, Locule and Ovules (a), Locule and
Ovule (b), Empty Locules (c), Ovule (d).
(a) (b)
(d) (c)
(a) (b)
(c)
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
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TS Microscopy of Root (Figure 5)
The figure shows vascular bundle and the starch grain, oil globules and medullary rays etc.
(a) 4X
(b) 10X
(c) 10X
(d) 10X
Figure 5. Characters observed in the TS microscopy: Cork, Cortex and Vessels (a), Medullary rays
and Vessels (b), Starch Grain (c), Oil Globule (d).
Powder Microscopy (Figure 6)
Leaf powder microscopy shows the presence of iron vessels, trichome, and stomata, and presence
of calcium oxalate crystals.
(a) 20X
(b)20X
(a) (b)
(c)
(b) (a)
(d)
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ISSN: 2395-6682
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(c) 20X
(d) 10X
Figure 6. Leaf Powder Microscopy Characters observed in the Leaf powder microscopy: Spiral
Vessels (a), Trichome (b), Stomata(c), Prismatic crystal of Calcium oxalate (d).
Stem Powder Microscopy (Figure 7)
The figure shows the presence of spiral and pitted vessels, and trichome, oil globules etc.
(a) 20X
(b) 20X
(c) 20X
(d) 10X
Figure 7. Characters Observed in the stem powder microscopy: Spiral Vessels (a), Pitted vessels (b),
Prismatic crystal of Calcium oxalate (c), Trichome and Oil globule (d).
(c) (d)
(a) (b)
(d) (c)
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
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Fruit Powder Microscopy (Figure 8)
The figure shows the presence of trichome, spiral vessels, and oil globules in fruit.
(a) 20X
(b) 20X
(c) 20X
(d) 10X
Figure 8. Characters Observed in the Fruit powder microscopy: Trichome and Spiral Vessels (a), Oil
Globule (b), Starch Grain (c), Trichome (d).
Table 2 shows the standardization parameters of each part of Trichodesma indicum.
Table 2. Standardization parameters of each part of Trichodesma indicum. S.N. Determination Leaf
(Percentage
w/w)
Stem
(Percentage
w/w)
Flower
(Percentage
w/w)
Root
(Percentage
w/w)
Fruit
(Percentage
w/w)
1. Total Ash 21.35% 7.796% 15.75% 4.600% 18.725%
2. Acid insoluble Ash 10.50% 1.349% 6.75% 0.650% 8.914%
3. Alcohol Soluble Extractive value 36.01% 2.68% 7.36% 6.760% 5.329%
4. Water soluble Extractive value 16.88% 13.38% 17.43% 12.512% 18.608%
5. Chloroform Extractive value 8.243% 1.512% - 1.756% 8.747%
6. Toluene Extractive value 4.345% 0.368% - 35.600% 3.298%
7. Methanol Extractive value 35.567% 5.269% - 3.106% 9.910%
8. Moisture content 7.36% 7.063% 6.758% 7.253% 10.123%
9. Total solid content 92.64% 92.937% 93.242% 92.747% 89.877%
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
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ISSN: 2395-6682
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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Root of Adhahapushpi (Table 3)
• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, flavonoids
and tannins.
• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides and
flavonoids.
• Both chloroform and methanol extract was positive for carbohydrates and flavonoids.
• Toluene extract was positive for carbohydrates.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of Leaf of Adhahapushpi (Table 4)
• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, flavonoids.
• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, pentose
and flavonoids.
• Chloroform extract was positive for carbohydrates and reducing sugars.
• Toluene extract was positive for carbohydrates.
• Methanol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids,
steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins.
Table 3. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Root of AdhahaPushpi extracts.
S.N. Tests for Water Alcohol Chloroform Toluene Methanol
1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive
2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
3 Monosaccharides Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
4 Pentose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
5 Hexose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
6 Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
7 Proteins Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
8 Amino acids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
9 Fats and Oils Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
10 Steroids Negative Negative Positive Negative Negative
11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive
12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
13 Tannins Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Table 4. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Leaf of Adhahapushpi extracts.
S.N. Tests for Water Alcohol Chloroform Toluene Methanol
1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Positive Positive
2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive
3 Monosaccharides Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative
4 Pentose Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative
5 Hexose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
6 Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
7 Proteins Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
8 Amino acids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
9 Test for Fats and Oils Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
10 Steroids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive
12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
13 Tannins Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
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Preliminary phytochemical screening of Stem of Adhahapushpi (Table 5)
• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, flavonoids
and tannins.
• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, and
flavonoids.
• Chloroform extract was positive for carbohydrates.
• Methanol extract was positive for reducing sugars.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of Flower of Adhahapushpi (Table 6)
• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, proteins,
amino acids, flavonoids and tannins.
• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, pentose,
amino acids and flavonoids.
Table 5. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Stem of Adhahapushpi extracts.
S.N. Tests for Water Alcohol Chloroform Toluene Methanol
1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative
2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive
3 Monosaccharaides Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
4 Pentose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
5 Hexose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
6 Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
7 Proteins Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
8 Amino acids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
9 Fats and Oils Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
10 Steroids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
13 Tannins Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
Table 6. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Flower
of Adhahapushpi extracts.
S.N. Tests Water Alcohol
1 Test for Carbohydrates Positive Positive
2 Test for Reducing Sugars Positive Positive
3 Test for Monosaccharaides Positive Positive
4 Test for Pentose Negative Positive
5 Test for Hexose Negative Negative
6 Test for Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative
7 Test for Proteins Positive Negative
8 Test for Amino acids Positive Positive
9 Test for Fats and Oils Negative Negative
10 Test for Steroids Negative Negative
11 Test for Flavonoids Positive Positive
12 Test for Alkaloids Negative Negative
13 Test for Tannins Positive Negative
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy
Volume 8, Issue 2
ISSN: 2395-6682
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Preliminary phytochemical screening of Fruit of Adhahapushpi (Table 7)
• Water extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, proteins,
amino acids, flavonoids and tannins.
• Alcohol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, monosaccharaides, pentose,
amino acids and flavonoids.
• Chloroform extract was positive for carbohydrates.
• Methanol extract was positive for carbohydrates, reducing sugars, steroids, alkaloids and tannins.
Inorganic Elements (Table 8)
• Leaf was positive for calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.
• Stem was positive for calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.
• Flower was positive for calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.
• Root was positive for calcium, sodium, iron, chloride, sulphates and phosphates.
• Fruit was positive for calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, chloride, nitrates, and carbonates.
Flemophotometry
Quantitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of AdhahaPushpi Extracts (Table 9)
Leaf, Stem and Fruit and Root have Calcium> Potassium > Sodium.
Table 7. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Fruit of Adhahapushpi extracts.
S.N. Tests for Water Alcohol Chloroform Toluene Methanol
1 Carbohydrates Positive Positive Positive Negative Positive
2 Reducing Sugars Positive Positive Negative Negative Positive
3 Monosaccharaides Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
4 Pentose Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative
5 Hexose Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
6 Non Reducing Sugars Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
7 Proteins Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative
8 Amino acids Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
9 Fats and Oils Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative
10 Steroids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
11 Flavonoids Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative
12 Alkaloids Negative Negative Negative Negative Positive
13 Tannins Positive Negative Negative Negative Positive
Table 8. Qualitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of Powder
of each part of Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
S.N. Elements Leaf Stem Flower Root Fruit
1 Calcium Present Present Present Present Present
2 Magnesium Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
3 Sodium Present Present Present Present Present
4 Potassium Absent Present Absent Absent Present
5 Iron Present Present Present Present Present
6 Chloride Present Present Present Present Present
7 Nitrates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present
8 Sulphates Present Absent Present Present Absent
9 Carbonates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present
10 Phosphates Present Absent Present Present Absent
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
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Qualitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of AdhahaPushpi Extracts (Table 10)
• Calcium, sodium, iron, and chlorides were present in all parts viz., stem, leaf, flower, root and
fruit.
• Potassium was present in root and fruit.
• Nitrates were present only in fruit.
• Sulphates were present in stem, leaf and flower.
• Carbonates were present only in fruit.
• Phosphates were present in stem, leaf and flower.
Table 9. Quantitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of Adhahapushpi Extracts.
S.N. Elements Leaf Stem Fruit Root
1 Sodium (Na) 10.42 ppm 11.03 ppm 10.05 ppm 22.21 ppm
2 Potassium (K) 89.03 ppm 156.00 ppm 88.03 ppm 190.92 ppm
3 Calcium (Ca) 103.27 ppm 190.72 ppm 122.74 ppm 190.30 ppm
Table 10. Qualitative Analysis for Inorganic Elements of Adhahapushpi extracts.
S.N. Elements Stem Leaf Flower Root Fruit
1 Calcium Present Present Present Present Present
2 Magnesium Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
3 Sodium Present Present Present Present Present
4 Potassium Absent Absent Absent Present Present
5 Iron Present Present Present Present Present
6 Chloride Present Present Present Present Present
7 Nitrates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present
8 Sulphates Present Present Present Absent Absent
9 Carbonates Absent Absent Absent Absent Present
10 Phosphates Present Present Present Absent Absent
Physicochemical Parameters
It includes TLC, quantitative study of different chemicals in various parts of Adhahapushpi
Table 11. TLC profile of Flower powder.
Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value
Alcohol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
10 0.04, 0.08, 0.41, 0.48, 0.54, 0.066, 0.77, 0.87, 0.93
Table 12. TLC profile of Root powder.
Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value
Alcohol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
06 Short wave: 0.18, 0.77, Long wave: 0.06, 0.11, 0.23, 0.26,
0.30, 0.34, 0.39, 0.46, 0.56, 0.61, 0.75
Methanol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
Short wave: 0.17, 0.88, Long wave: 0.07, 0.35, 0.50, 0.91
Table 13. TLC profile of Stem powder. Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value
Alcohol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
11 Short wave: 0.15, 0.75, 0.81, 0.87.
Long wave: 0.06, 0.32, 0.53, 0.59, 0.74, 0.81, 0.87.
Methanol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
12 Short wave: 0.18, 0.87.
Long wave: 0.07, 0.12, 0.21, 0.31, 0.37, 0.67, 0.80, 0.85,
0.90, 0.97.
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ISSN: 2395-6682
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Table 14. TLC profile of Fruit powder.
Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value
Alcohol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
15 Short wave: 0.33, 0.39. Long wave: 0.08, 0.15, 0.22, 0.27,
0.32, 0.37, 0.46, 0.54, 0.62, 0.65, 0.70, 0.81, 0.89.
Methanol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
12 Short wave: 0.87.
Long wave: 0.11, 0.26, 0.35, 0.43, 0.55, 0.62, 0.71, 0.75,
0.82, 0.91, 0.97.
Table 15. TLC profile of Leaf powder.
Extract Solvent system No. of Spots Rf Value
Alcohol Toluene:Ethyl acetate
7:3
10 0.02, 0.23, 0.49, 0.56, 0.59, 0.63, 0.75, 0.86, 0.93, 0.98
Quantitative study of different extracts of different parts of Adhahapushpi
Leaf: Methanol extract has higher Gallic acid compared to water and Alcohol extracts.
Methanol extract > Alcohol > Water.
Root: Gallic acid was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid
compared to Alcohol extracts.
Stem: Gallic acid was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid
compared to Alcohol extracts.
Fruit: Alcohol extract has higher Gallic acid compared to water and Methanol extracts.
Alcohol extract > Water > Methanol.
Table 16. Total Phenolic contents (Gallic acid).
Type of cold Extract Leaf Root Stem Fruit
Water 43.65(+/–0.19)
mg/gm Extract
56.48(+/–0.94)
mg/gm Extract
43.40(+/–0.36)
mg/gm Extract
33.33(+/–0.57)
mg/gm Extract
Methanol 73.21(+/–0.38)
mg/gm Extract
- - 29.50(+/–0.56)
mg/gm Extract
Alcohol 50.48(+/–0.47)
mg/gm Extract
34.70(+/–0.25)
mg/gm Extract
37.95(+/–0.25)
mg/gm Extract
76.83(+/–0.19)
mg/gm Extract
Table 17. Total Flavanoid contents (Quercetin acid).
Type of cold Extract Leaf Root Stem Fruit
Water 15.26(+/–0.65)
mg/gm Extract
4.49(+/–0.10)
mg/gm Extract
7.62(+/–0.45)
mg/gm Extract
17.31(+/–0.63)
mg/gm Extract
Methanol 16.41(+/–0.91)
mg/gm Extract
0.40(+/–0.28)
mg/gm Extract
- -
Alcohol 18.69(+/–0.36)
mg/gm Extract
2.63(+/–0.54)
mg/gm Extract
3.41(+/–0.21)
mg/gm Extract
14.78(+/–0.58)
mg/gm Extract
Leaf: Alcohol extract has higher Quercetin compared to water and Methanol extracts.
Alcohol extract > Methanol > Water.
Root: Water extract has higher Gallic acid compared to Alcohol extracts.
Water extract > Alcohol > Methanol.
Stem: Quercetin was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid
compared to Alcohol extracts.
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 41
Fruit: Quercetin was not traced out in Methanol extract. Water extract has higher Gallic acid compared to Alcohol extracts.
DISCUSSION Ayurvedic drugs are the promising source of health fraternity. Most of them are having the origin in
folklore and tribal practice. It is more worth when the same tribal or folklore medicines are standardised botanically and pharmacognostically. Adhahapushpi, Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br. is one of such drugs and needs to be standardised; so in present study, each part of the plant is studied in detail. Organoleptic characters (Figure 1 and Table 1) Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.
Revealed that the leaves are simple, opposite decussate, sessile, with obtuse apex, entire margin, and pinnate venation. Surface of leaves are covered with prominent white tubercles rich with hairs. They are 3–10.0 cm long and 0.5–3 cm in width. The shape of leaf is ovate or oblong lanceolate with narrow base; Midrib distinct; The stem are found to be green in colour, light brown when dry, surface clothed with hair, odourless, tasteless hairy surface, branches clothed with spreading trichomes. They are 50 cm long and 0.2 to 0.3 cm in width. The Inflorescence: terminal on stem and branches. Flowers: axillary, calyx: green, hairy 1: 13 cm long. Corolla: funnel shaped, lobes tailed. Fruits: ellipsoid, enclosed by calyx.
Nutlets: black, 4 in number; Oblong, ovoid, 5 mm long and wide. Transverse section of Different parts of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) (Figures 2–5)
The leaf is a dorsi-ventral and hypo-stomatic with anisocytic stomata. It has amoeboid outlined epidermal cells. It has thick epidermal trichomes and the midrib is deeply grooved on ad-axial side with a semi-circular ad-axial part. It has well defined vein islets and once or twice forked vein termination on its venation pattern. The TS studies of the young stem displayed thin layer of narrow rectangular epidermal cells thick troichomes and vascular bundles, primary, secondary xylem cylinders with phloem and vessels up to 40 µm wide. The TS studies of the young root showed central medullary rays, solid central secondary xylem cylinder with thin layer of secondary phloem. It also has lignified xylem fibres. It also showed presence of starch granules and oil globules.
Powder microscopy (Figures 6–8): Evaluation of powder microscopy of leaf showed presence of spiral vessels, trichome, stomata and prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate. Stem powder microscopy showed presence of spiral vessels, pitted vessels, prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate, trichome and oil globules.
Fruit powder microscopy showed presence of trichome and spiral vessels, oil globule, starch grain and trichome.
Physicochemical analysis (Table 2): The quantitative ash content value suggests the presence of inorganic component in all the parts of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.).
The quantitative solubility of ash was checked in dilute acid solution and water. The solubility of
ash of all the parts except fruit in dilute acid solution was found lower than water. Extract values: Each part of drug are checked for extractive values using different solvents (water,
alcohol, chloroform, toluene and methanol) Leaf: The water soluble extractives were found higher than alcohol soluble extractives. Stem: The water soluble extractives > Methanol soluble extractives > Chloroform soluble
extractives > Alcohol soluble extractives > Toluene soluble extractives.
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga & Naturopathy
Volume 8, Issue 2
ISSN: 2395-6682
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 42
Root: The Toluene soluble extractives > Water soluble extractives > Alcohol soluble extractives > Methanol soluble extractives > Chloroform soluble extractives.
Flower: The water soluble extractives were found higher than alcohol soluble extractives. Fruit: The Water soluble extractives > Methanol soluble extractives > Alcohol soluble extractives
> soluble extractives > Chloroform soluble extractives.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)
Extracts The medicinal plants are rich in secondary metabolites, a varied group of chemicals, which include
alkaloids, glycosides, amines, insecticides, steroids, flavonoids, and related metabolites, which have been widely used in drug and pharmaceutical industry [19]; so, different parts of Adhahapushpi were evaluated for presence of secondary metabolites.
Plant phenolic and carotenoid compounds are known for their invaluable effects on human health
and they are present in many varieties in plants and vegetables [20]. Another large family of phytochemcials is Flavonoids which are also called bioflavonoids present in fruits and vegetables and act as antioxidants [21]. Flavanoids are renowned for their free radical scavenging potency, which underlines their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and vasodilator activities [22].
Phenols and flavonoids are known for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging property [23]. Plant based alkaloids are the biggest class of phytochemicals and show evidence of many
therapeutic effects like antioxidant, analgesics, muscle relaxants, antibiotics, anticancer and also responsible for antiprotozoal, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties [24]. Tannins are the compounds which are water-soluble and also phenolic in nature, and are used as healing agents in many diseases like leucorrhoea, rhinorrhea, diarrhea and also hinder the growth of many organisms like fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and viruses [25]. The presence of glycosides shows improvement in cardiac arrhythmia and heart related diseases. It is reported that terpenoids are the most widespread chemically different groups of natural products and have activities like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, sedative, cytotoxic activity etc.
Different extracts of different parts of the plant Adhahapushpi are confirmed for the presence of
carbohydrates, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, steroids, monosaccharaides, flavonoids and tannins. This supports the plant’s anti-oxidant, radical scavenging and anticancer activities. TLC Profile (Tables 11–15)
The TLC method is best choice for the identification of secondary metabolite present in plants. Here, the different Rf values indicate the presence of different nature of phytoconstituents in single extracts. Different Rf values of the compound also reflect an idea about their polarity. This info will help in selection of suitable solvent system for auxiliary separation of compound from these plant extracts. Quantitative Study of Different Extracts of Different Parts of Adhahapushpi (Tables 16 and 17)
Quercetin, a flavonoid has unique biological properties that benefit to overall health and disease
resistance, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and psychostimulant
activities [26]. Similarly Gallic acid and its derivatives can inhibit the oxidation and rancidity of oils
and fats ascribed to their free radical scavenging and antioxidant nature [27]. Quantitative estimation
of Quercitin and Gallic acid in different extracts of the plant Adhahapushpi, supported the plant’s
tribal use in cancer.
CONCLUSION
The medicinal plant Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.) is mentioned in Ayurvedic
Samhita and Nighantu and used as medicine for different ailments such as cough, diarrhoea, joint pain
Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Study of Adhahapushpi Byadigi and Padyana
© STM Journals 2021. All Rights Reserved 43
and tribally used to treat breast cancer. However it is not included in Ayurveda pharmacopeia of
India; so, the study is aimed to conduct pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical study of
each part of the drug.
The study showed microscopic and phytochemical properties which will help in identification and
standardisation of Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.). The study reveals specific
identifying characteristics for the particular crude drug which will be of significant use in
identification and control to adulteration of the raw drug and can serve as a reference for any further
investigations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am thankful to the Department of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alvas Ayurvedic Medical College and
Central Research Facility KAHER's Shri B M Kankanawadi Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Belagavi,
Karnataka, for their kind support in carrying out the study.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
We have no conflicts of interest, neither financial nor personal or any other kind.
AUTHORS’ FUNDING
The authors have no funding to report.
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15. Lavekar GS. Laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and siddha Formulations. New Delhi:
CCRAS, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of health and family Welfare, Govt. of India; 2010.
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ISSN: 2395-6682
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16. Lavekar GS. Laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and siddha Formulations. New Delhi:
CCRAS, Dept. of Ayush, Ministry of health and family welfare, Govt. of India; 2010.
17. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. In Phytochemical Investigations. 26th
Edn. Pune, Mumbai: Nirali Prakashan; 2004; 105–109.
18. Santosh MK, Sharanabasappa GK, Shaila D, Seetharam YN, Sanjeevarao I. Phytochemical
studies on Bauhinia racemosa, Bauhinia purpurea Linn. and Hardwickia binate Roxb. E-J Chem.
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19. Esther Lydia, Sheila John, Riyazudin Mohammed, Thiyagarajan Sivapriya. Investigation on the
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International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research ISSN: 2347- 6362
EXPLORE OF FOLKLORE MEDICINAL PLANT- ADHAHAPUSHPI
(TRICHODESMA INDICUM LINN. R. BR.) 1Byadigi Sarojini D
2P Subrahmanya
1PhD Scholar, Dept. Of Dravyaguna Vignana,Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College Moodbidri,
Karnataka. 2Professor, HOD, Dept. Of Dravyaguna Vignana, Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical College
Moodbidri, Karnataka
ABSTRACT :
The use of plants in therapies both humans and animals is as old as human history. Man must
have learnt about the use of herbal medicine by observing self-medication by animals in the
nature. Folk medicine is different rather than to modern medicine. Traditional medicine lives
among the people as a part of their culture. In traditional societies, any information about a
disease is shared by others. This information is passed through the generations. People learn
popular medicine in the same way and they learn other cultural components. According to
Charakacharya, good old expert physician of Ayurveda ‘Every drug is potential to cure one
or the other disorders.’ One such herb is Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma indicum Linn. R. Br.)
which is tribally used in different ailments including Carcinoma.
Key words: Folklore, Materia medica, Charakacharya, Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma
indicum Linn. R. Br.)
AIM:
1. To review the drug Adhhapushpi from
different systems of Alternative medicines
like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani.
2. To review the use of folklore herb
Adhahapushpi in different tribes and
Traditions.
Background: Traditional medicine (also
known as indigenous or folk medicine)
was developed by people who learnt self-
medication using available natural plant or
animal sources. Then the same knowledge
passed from mouth to mouth or inherited
in generations. The World Health
Organization (WHO) defines traditional
medicine as "the sum total of the
knowledge, skills, and practices based on
the theories, beliefs, and experiences
indigenous to different cultures, whether
explicable or not, used in the maintenance
of health as well as in the prevention,
diagnosis, improvement or treatment of
physical and mental illness".1 Traditional
medicine is contrasted with scientific
medicine.
The tribal people staying in Forests
of Asia and African countries still rely on
traditional medicine for insect bite and
other primary diseases. To name some of
them include, Traditional Chainese
Medicine, Keralian Medicine, European
Medicine etc. Such medicines are
promising source for treating some of the
ailments including Cancer. All around the
world screening of such medicines for
various ailments is going on through
different departments such as
Pharmacology, Microbiology,
Biotechnology and Pharmacy.
. According to Charakacharya, good
old expert physician of Ayurveda ‘Every
drug is potential to cure one or the other
disorders.’2 One such herb is
Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma indicum
Linn. R. Br.) which is tribally used in
different ailments including Carcinoma.
[Byadigi Sarojini D. et al : Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plant- Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)]
60 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE II MAY - JUNE 2019
REVIEW RESULTS:
Adhahapushpi in Ayurveda:
Adhahapushpi is not traced in any Veda
but is explained during Samhita kala and
Nighantu Kala as follows-
Acharya Charaka3 has mentioned Dravya
named Avakpushpi in Jeevaniya Ghrita in
Vatarakta Chikitsa. Chakrapanidatta
comments it as Andhahuli which may be
considered as Adhahapushpi. He has not
placed it under any Dravya classification
but he mentions it under
Shirovirechanadravya kalpa samgraha4,
here Mula of Adhahapushpi is considered.
Neither Sushruta nor Vagbhata have
mentioned the Dravya in their texts. After
Charaka, during Nighantu Kala,
Adhahapushpi is mentioned by Shodala
Nighantu5. under Lakshnadirayam varga
and Bhavaprakasha nighantu6 in
Parishishtha and Adarsha Nighantu-
Shleshmatakadi Varga.
Nirukti and Paryaya:
Shodala Nighantu. Tryarthoushadha
adhikara Avakpushpika is known by 3
names namely, Shatapushpa, Mayura and
Adhahapushpi7.
Adhahapushpi - Flowers face ground,
hence even called as Adhomukha.
Romalu- Hairy all over the plant.
Gandhapushpika- Flowers having
fragrance.
Dhenujihva- Leaves resemble tongue of
cow.
Amar pushpika- Flowers are beautiful.
Prof. Priyavrat Sharma, author of
Dravyaguna vignana8, has identified drug
Adhahpushpi as Trichodesma indicum
Linn.R.Br.
Morphology
9:
The drug Trichodesma indicum Linn. R.
Br belongs to the Family- Boraginaceae
It is a Annual, erect, much branched, very
hispid herb, grows up to: 15-45 cm
hight.Leaves:sessile; Length of leaves
range from : 3.8-10 cm and width :
0.65cm. Shape is variable, ovate or oblong
or lanciolate- oblong;Tip is obtuse or sub-
acute; Surface: clothed above with stiff
hair springing from white circular
tubercles, beneath less harshly hairy and
more or less densely villous.Base: cordate
or hirsute; Inflorescence: solitary,
[Byadigi Sarojini D. et al : Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plant- Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)]
61 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE II MAY - JUNE 2019
pedicels- 6-13mm long, slender, nodding,
hispid.Calyx: 11-13mm long, deeply
divided, hispid, hispid with long hair;
segments lanciolate, acute, cordate or
hastate at the base, connate by the basal
auricles.Corolla: 1.3cm long, tube 6mm
long, limb oblique, infundibulliform,
thinly hairy inside, lobes 3-4mm long,
ovate, deltoid, suddenly acuminate. Cone
of anthers large and very pointed, clothed
on the back with dense white hair: anthers
included or exerted, with a few hairs at the
base, inserted on the corolla tube, the
produced connectives linear, very acute,
finally twisted together. Ovary: ovoid,
acute, tapering into the style, glabrous,
style nearly 6mm long. Fruit pyramidal,
subtruncate at the apex, tipped with the
persistent style, 4 ribbed, nutlets 5mm
long, ovoid, smooth and polished on the
back, rugose on the inner face, not or
scarcely margined, bluish white or nearly
white when fully ripe, leaving 5 deep
ovate pits on the membranous axis when
falling.
It is distributed throughout the greater part
of India, in the plains, Baluchisthan,
Ceylon, Afghanistan, Persia, and
Mauritius
Guna - Karma-Shodala attributes its
pharmacological actions as Chakshushya
and Gudhagarbha apakarshini.
Bhavaprakasha explains its main Karma
as Shothahara, Mutrala and Vishaghna
Dravyaguna vignana by PV Sharma-
Guna- Laghu Rasa- Tikta, Katu,
Veerya- Ushna Vipaka- Katu
Doshaghnata- Kaphavata hara,
Rogaghnata- Shreshtha Vrana Shotha
hara
Therapeutic uses:
1. Sunishannaka changeri Ghrita10
– here
Adhahapushpi is used as Kwathartha
dravya along with other drugs. This
Ghrita is indicated in Arsha, Atisara,
Tridoshaja Raktasrava, Pravahika,
Gudabhransha, Guda Shotha, Shoola,
Mootragraha, Moodhavata, Mandagni,
Aruchi.
2. Jeevaniya Ghrita along with other
Dravya to prepare Kwatha. Jeevaniya
Ghrita is indicated in Panduroga, Jwara,
Hikka, Svarabheda, Bhagandara,
Parshvashoola, Dhatukshaya, Kasa,
Pleehavruddhi, Vatarakta, Shosha,
Apasmara, Ashmari, Sharkara,
Sarvangavata, Ekangavata, Mootrasanga.
It is both Jeevaniya and Vrushya. If
Vandya Stree consumes it, even she may
conceive.
3. Swellings of Sandhivata- Mula11
(root)
of the plant is crushed and applied.
Adhahapushpi in Siddha12
- A handful of
plant is boiled in 1 litre water and
extracted juice is given 100 ml twice a day
in inguinal tumour, neuralgia, rheumatism
and bleeding piles. In case of Menstrual
disorders leaf fried with honey and water
extracted and given.
Adhahapushpi in Folklore use 13
-
In the Philippines-
- Leaves and roots are used as remedy for
snake bites; also used as diuretic.
- Cold infusion of leaves considered
depurative.
- Crushed roots, in decoction or infusion,
used for dysentery in children.
- In Indian traditional medicine, decoction
of roots used for diarrhoea, dysentery and
fever.
In Deccan, plants is used as emollient
poultice.
- In Chutia Nagpur, roots are crushed
and made into a paste, and applied
externally to swollen joints, inflammations
and superficial skin injuries. Also used for
arthralgias, inflammations, dyspepsia,
diarrhoea, dysentery, dysmenorrhea.
[Byadigi Sarojini D. et al : Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plant- Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R. Br.)]
62 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE II MAY - JUNE 2019
- In Tamil Nadu, southern India, root
decoction taken internally to treat bloody
dysentery.
Malasar Tribes of Coimbattore District,
Tamilnadu, call it as Kavu thumbai and
apply the paste of leaves along with Garlic
and rhizome of Acorus calamus to heal
wounds.
In Easters Ghats, used to treat bone
fractures: Poultice of whole plant paste
mixed with Albizia amara leaf powder,
tumeric powder, goat's milk and wheat is
applied on skin around the fractured area
and bandaged.
In Karnataka, Gadag District14
Adhahpushpi: Trichodesma indicum (L.)
R.Br.-Boraginaceae(Leaves) Lata
karanja: Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.-
Caesalpiniaceae(Seeds) Maricha: Piper
nigrum L.- Piperaceae(Seeds) Saindava
lavana: Sodium Chloride + Sodium
Sulphate All ingredients are powdered
and mixed in equal quantity 5 g of the
powder is given twice daily in Raktarshas/
Bleeding hemorrhoids.
In Chhattisgarh by Baiga tribes15
—
Whole plant paste of Trichodesma
indicum is externally applied to cure body
tumors. And to treat breast cancer.
DISCUSSION: After the thorough review
it is been found that Adhahapushpi is an
important medicinal plant which is used in
various ailments since long, in alternative
systems of medicine and different tribes.
It’s been found to be used as food. Indian
Borage in English, is a very common
weed in all tropical and subtropical
regions along roadside and open places, is
very hispid throughout hence one should
be careful during collection. As the name
suggests flower faces ground and is
beautiful. It is propagated by seeds so
cultivation is easy. Though the drug is
native to Asia, it is less explained in
Ayurveda so an attempt can be made to
prepare standard monograph in respect to
Rasapanchaka and others. Acharya
Charaka mentions Adhahapushpi Mula in
Shirovirechana Dravya Kalpa, so it can be
investigated for its role in
Urdhvajatrugata Roga. It is mentioned in
the preparation of Sunishannaka Ghrita,
which is consumed either mixed in food or
alone will destroy fear of any disease.
Similarly it is mentioned in Jeevaniya
Ghrita which increases Bala(Strength) ,
Varna (complexion) and cures Vali
(wrinkles of skin) and Palita(greying of
hair) which suggest that Adhahapushpi
can be investigated for its Rasayana
property.
CONCLUSION: Adhahapushpi
(Trichodesma indicum Linn. R. Br.)is an
important folklore medicinal herb used for
different ailments such as urinary
disorders, diarrhoea, dysentry,
dysmenorrhoea,Joint disorders, Snake
bite, Tumours, Breast cancer and much
more diseases by both Tribal and
Alternate systems of Medicine.
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63 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE II MAY - JUNE 2019
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ditional_Treatment 8/6/2019
Corresponding Author:
Dr. Byadigi Sarojini D
PhD Scholar, Dept. Of Dravyaguna
Vignana,Alva’s Ayurvedic Medical
College Moodbidri, Karnataka.
Email:[email protected]
Source of support: Nil
Conflict of interest: None
Declared
Cite this Article as :[Byadigi Sarojini D. et al :
Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plant-
Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma Indicum Linn. R.
Br.)] www.ijaar.in : IJAAR VOLUME IV
ISSUE II May –June 2019 Page No: 59-63
SNVVS’S SGV AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITL AND RESEARCH CENTRE BAILHONGAL
RESEARCH WORK CARRIED OUT BY PG DEPARTMENT DURING 2015 TO 2017
S.NO.
NAME OF THE
RESEARCH PROJECT STUDY DESIGN
NAME OF THE
RESEARCH
SCHOLAR
1 “Clinical Assessment Of
Dhataki And
PugaPuspaKwatha In The
Management Of
Raktapradara
W.S.R To Dub”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts.
Group- Single group consisting 40 patients excluding dropouts
Intervention -Dhataki and PugapuspaKwatha i.e. A Kwatha
prepared by taking equal parts DhatakiPuspa and pugaPuspa.
Dosage - 2 Pala(90ml in two divided doses) before food.
3. Duration -3 Days during menstruation period every
month for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles.
Dr. Savita Upanal
2 Management Of Vibandha
With Amalaki Churn
W.S.R. To Functional
Constipation.”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 40 patients excluding dropouts.
Group- Single group consisting 40 patients excluding dropouts
Intervention -Amalakichurna with Madhu 2 time before food
Dosage - Dose will be fixed base on
Young'sRule .
Duration - 15 day's, F/O- every week for 4 week.
Dr. Amit Shindhe
3 “A Clinical Study With
SringaveraSvarsaInKaphaj
aKasa In Children .”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts.
Group- Single group
Intervention -SringaveraSvarasa with honeyis given for licking
three times a day
Dosage Depending upon the Age, According to Young’s Rule
doses will be fixed
Duration -7 days
Dr. Lokesh.D.
Badiger
4 “A Clinical Study
OnRasona Kalka In The
Management Of Gridhrasi
W.S.R To Sciatica”
Study Design: Randomized single group clinical study
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts.
Intervention -Rasonakalka
Route of administration -Oral
Anupana-Erandakashaya(96ml)
Duration of study-30 days
Time of drug administration-Apanakala (before food)
Dose selection -1 karsha (12g) In divided dose
Dr. MANASA M
5 “ To Study The Effect Of
Paschimottanasana In
Healthy
Individuals W.S.R. To
Vertebral
Column ’’.
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 40 patients excluding dropouts.
Group- Single group consisting 40 patients excluding dropouts
Intervention-Asana-Practice Of Paschimottanasana.
Before The Practice Of Paschimottasana, Relaxation Exercises Will
Be Practiced.
Time For Each Asana Will Be 1 To 5 Minutes.
After This Asanas Persons Will Be Advised Shavasana For 5
Minutes.
Kaal:On Empty Stomach In The Morning.
Duration Of Trial: 2 Months.
Follow Up: Will Be Taken After Every 15 Days Criteria.
Dr. Maruti Anand
6 “Effect Of Ashok
TwakKwath In
ShwetaPradara
W.S.R. To Leucorrhea By
Different Modes Of
Administration”—A
Randomised Comparative
Clinical Study.
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 3
groups, each with 10 patients.
Intervention-Group 1 :AshokTwakQwath 50 Ml BD Orally For 1
Month.
Group 2 :Ashok TwakQwathDhavan With 1 Ltr For 7 Days For 30
Min. Done After 5th Day Of Menstrual Cycle(Or Cessation Of
Bleeding)
Group 3:Ashok TwakQwath 50 Ml BD Orally For 1 Month And
Ashok TwakQwathDhavanWith 1 Ltr For 7 Days For 30 Min. Done
After 5th Day Of Menstrual Cycle(Or Cessation Of Bleeding)
Duration Of Treatment-2 Months.
Follow Up-After One Month And End Of Second Month.
Dr. Nayana
Gavekar
7 “A Clinical Study To
Evaluate The Effect Of
HayamaaraadiTaila Yoni
Pichu In
KaphajaYoniVyapat W.S.R
To Vulvo-Vaginitis”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts.
Interventions:
Local SnehanaAnd SwedanaWill Be Given
Autoclaved TailaWil Be Used For Pichu
PichuWill Be Kept Inside The Vaginal Canal With All
Aseptic Measures
PichuWill Be In Situ Till The Next Mootra Vega
SitzBath With Luke Warm Water Is Advised For Washing.
APATYA- AbstinanceI Maintained During Course Of Treatment
Duration Of Treatment:7 Consecutive Days
Follow Up Study:
1st Follow Up-After 7 Days
2nd Follow Up-After 15 Days
Dr. Nitin Suresh
Shinde
8 “A Comparative Study On
Efficacy Of TriphaladiVati
And ShilajatwadiVati In
PramehaRoga”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 2
groups, each with 15 patients.
Intervention-Group A -TriphaladiVati
Group B -ShilajitwadiVati.
Dose - 750 Mg/Day In 3 Divided Doses Along With The
Lukewarm Water For Consecutive 8 Weeks.
Weekly Follow Up Of Patients Was Done, While Biochemical
Investigations Were Carried Out Monthly.
Dr. Pratik V Patil
9
To Assess The Efficacy Of
Suryanamaskara In
Prediabetes”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 40 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 2
groups, each with 15 patients.
Intervention:GROUP A - Patients Will Be Advised To Take Placebo
For 90 Days.
GROUP B- Patients Will Be Asked To Perform SuryanamaskaraFor
90 Days.
Duration- Will Be Advised To Do SuryanamaskaraTwice A Day For
90 Days.
Follow Up-Assessment Will Be Conducted Once In 30 Days.
Study Duration – 90 Days.
Dr. Rashmi Moogi
10 “A Clinico-Comparitive
Study To Evaluate The
Efficacy Of
LaghupanchamooladiKwat
ha And
DashamoolaKwatha In
SootikaParicharya.”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 2
groups, each with 15 patients.
Group A – LaghupanchamooladiKwatha, 30 To 50 Ml (According
To Tolerance), Twice Daily After Food, For 45 Days
Group B – DashamoolaKwatha, 30 To 50 Ml (According To
Tolerance), Twice Daily After Food, For 45 Days
Follow Up: 5th Day, 15th Day, 30th Day And 45th Day
Dr. Reshma
Gopalrao Jadhav
11 “A Comparative Clinical
Study With KushthaTaila
And Chlorhexidine
(Savlon) In Umbilical Cord
Care.”
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 2
groups, each with 15 patients.
TREATMENT SCHEDULE:
Group A-Local And External Application Of KushthaTaila
Group B-Local And External Application Of Chlorhexidine(Savlon).
Drug Dose
3-4 Drops (Sechana)
Time &Duration
The Drug Will Be Applied On Umbilical Cord And Its Base
Twice A Day For 7 Days.
Dr. Suchit
Telmasre
12 “Clinical Evaluation Of
TryusnadyamLauhamChoo
rna In The Management Of
Sthaulya”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Group- Single group consisting 30 patients excluding dropouts.
Drug- TryusnadyamLauhamChoorna1 maasha (In Divided
Dose) 500mg Twice A Day
Assessment Of Trial Drug During The Course Of Treatment Will Be
Done On 0th, 30th And 60th Day Of The Treatment.
Dr. Tejaswini V.
Gaikwad
13 “A Comparative Clinical
Evaluation Of
SuvarnaMaliniVasantRas
And KhadiradiVati In The
Management Of
KaphajaKasaW.S.R.To
Recurrent Respiratory
Track Infection In Children”
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: 30 patients excluding dropouts. Assigned into 2
groups, each with 15 patients.
1. Group A : Patients Will Be Administered
SuvarnaMaliniVasantRas
2) Group B : Patients Will Be Administered
KhadiradiVati
DOSES :AdultDose Of
SuvarnaMaliniVasantRasAndKhadiradiVatiWill Be Subjected To
Young’s Rule And Accordingly Doses Will Be Fixed.
Follow Up: All The Patients Will Be Followed For 14days After
Treatment With 7days Of Interval.
Dr. Ashish. M.
Khandebharad
14 To assess prevalence of
obesity w.s.r. to Sthoulya
among Primary School
Children.
Study Design: Cross sectional study of 400 children aged 6 -12
years attending Primary school.
Anthropometric measurements taken and questionnaires were used
to collect Data.
Dr. Sushma
Marihal
RESEARCH WORK CARRIED OUT BY PG DEPARTMENT DURING 2016 TO 2018
S.NO.
NAME OF THE
RESEARCH PROJECT STUDY DESIGN
NAME OF THE
RESEARCH
SCHOLAR
1 “A Comparative Clinical
Study On The
Management Of
Episiotomy Wound With
SarpiParisechana
Followed By BalaTaila
Application w.s.r To
SadhyoVrana”
Group- 2 groups consisting 20 patients each excluding dropouts.
1) Intervention-Group A – SarpiParisechanafollowed by
BalaTaila application (20pts).
2) Group B – Betadine application (20pts)
Procedure:
Poorva Karma:
Parisechana with Sarpi on Episiotomy wound for 20 patients in
Group A
Pradhan Karma:
After Parisechan, BalaTaila will be applied on the wound and
dressing to be done.
Paschata Karma:
Sutika will be advised:
To retain the position for at least 10 minutes
Not to indulge in any kind of strenuous work during the
course of treatment and follow up period.
To maintain local hygiene.
Duration of Treatment: 7 days
Follow up : will be done on 8th and 30th day
Dr. Anita M. Rajput
2 A Clinical Study In The
Management Of
GarbhiniChardi W.S.R. To
Emesis Gravidarum With
DrakshadiPhanta
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: Total 30 patients will be randomly selected.
Intervention:
DrakshadiPhantafor 1 month.
Dose:25ml6th hourly i.e.4 times in a day.
Anupana- Sharkara, Madhu, &Laja.
Dr. Ashok Lamani
3 Clinical Study On The
Efficacy Of AshwathaTwak
And PatraChurna With
Madhu In The
Management Of
Mukhapaka In Children
W.S.R. To Stomatitis
Study Design: A single blind clinical study.
Sample Size: Total 40 patients will be randomly selected.
Trial Group 20 patients
Intervention:
AshwathaTwak&Patrachurna with Madhu for 10 days. Before meal (
BD)
Control Group:20 patients
Application of Oracep gel for 10 daysBefore meal ( BD)
Dr: Barve Dinesh
Vasudev
4 Effect of
PhalatrikadiKashaya and
ShilajatuChoorna in the
management of
Madhumehaw.s.r to
Diabetes Mellitus II – A
randomized comparative
clinical study
Study Design: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study.
Sample size: 40 Patients diagnosed as Madhumeha (NIDDM Type-
2) will be selected incidentally and categorized by block
randomization into two groups consisting of minimum 20 patients in
each group.
Intervention: Group A- PHALATRIKADI KASHAYA 50 ml BD
before food for60 days
Group B-SHILAJATU CHOORNA 50 0 mg BD before food for60
days
Dr.Dinesh.G.Patel
5 Effect of Panchanimbadi
Choorna and Sudhakara
Choorna in the
management of Urdhwaga
Amlapitta – A Randomized
Single Blind Comparative
Clinical Study
Studydesign :A Randomized Single Blind comparative clinical
study.
Sample size: 40 Patientscategorized into two groups 20 each.
Intervention: Group A- PHALATRIKADI KASHAYA 50 ml BD
before food for60 days
Group B-SHILAJATU CHOORNA 50 0 mg BD before food for60
days
Follow-up will be done on every 15th day, 30th day, 45thday
Dr. Ishwar.V.
Ghugare
6 A Clinical Study On The
Effect Of DhatkyadiKwatha
In The Management Of
Balatisara W.S.R. Diarrhea
Study design :A Randomized Single Blind comparative clinical
study.
Sample size: 30 Patients
Intervention:Dhatkyadikwathawith madhu
Dosage –The dose will be According to Young’s rule
Duration – 7 days. Three times a day before food
FOLLOW UP- 1ST Day, 4th Day, 7th day
Dr. Hardik H Joshi
7 A Study To Evaluate The
Efficacy Of Dhoopana
Karma Of
Shastrakarmagara W.S.R.
To Fumigation Of
Operations Theaters In
Present Era
Study Area; Minor OT of SGV.A.M.C..College of Ayurveda,
BAILHONGAL
Sampling Method ; OT swab report for a total of 10 trials
Matra: 20gm each drugs per 10*10*10 feet room
Duration :12 hrs
Data type: Dhoopana sterilization swab results and fumigation
sterilization swab result .
Dr. Kaustubh
Ghatule
8 Role Of Jalaneti In The
Management Of
DushtaPratishyayaW.S.R.
To Chronic Simple Rhinitis
Study design :A Randomized Single Blind clinical study.
Sample size: 30 Patients excluding dropouts.
Intervention; Jalaneti withSukoshnalavanajala0.5-1litres
Twice( morning& evening ) in a day and patients will be observed on
every 8th day.
Dr. Manjula V
Heggai
9 A Comparative Clinical
Study On The Efficacy
Of Gandusha With
PanchavalkalaKashaya
And TriphalaKashaya In
MukhaSwasthya
Study design:Open randomized clinical trial
Sample size:60 subjects with poor oral hygiene will be randomly
categorized into 2 equal groups.
Group A- 30subjects-Gandushawith Panchavalkalakashaya once in
the morning before food
Group B- 30 subjects- Gandusha with Triphalakashaya once in the
morning before food.
Treatment duration- 15 days
Follow up period- 15th day after the end of treatment.
Dr. Preethika
10 A Clinico-Comparative
Study Of
NagkesharChurna And
Badarchurna Yoga In The
Management Of
ShwetaPradara W.S.R To
Non-Specific Leucorrhoea
Study design(Interventions): It is single blind clinical study where
the screened patients of ShwetaPradara will be randomly classified
in to two groups- Group A and Group B.
Group A-Nagakesharchurna 6gms twice a day with buttermilk for 15
days, follow up once in 5 days for 20 days
Group B-Badar Churna6gms twice a day with buttermilkfor 15 days,
follow up once in 5 days for 20 days
Dr. Priyanka
Kumari
11 An Open Randomized
Comparative Clinical Trial
To Evaluate The Effect Of
VatariGuggulu And
RaasnaGuggulu In
Gridhrasi W.S.R To
Sciatica
Study Design:
It is an open randomized comparative clinical study.
B. Sample size and grouping:
A minimum of 30 patients of Gridhrasi will be taken for the
study and they are randomly made into 2 groups
Group A: 15 patients will receive VatariGuggulu1 gm TID with warm
waterfor 30 days
Group B: 15 patients will receive Raasna Guggulu1 gm TID with
warm water for 30 days
Follow Up: 15 days
Dr. Roopa
Kalashetti
12 Clinical Study To Evaluate
The Role(Efficacy) Of
Triphala
(Internal Administration
And External Use As Face
Wash)
In YauvanaPidaka, W.S.R.
To Acne Vulgaris
Study design :A Randomized Single Blind clinical study.
Sample size: 30 Patients
Intervention:TriphalaChurna 12 gm morning and evening with
Sukhoshnajala, half an hour before food and along with this they
have to wash the face with Triphala infusion/PhantaKashaya as face
washmorning and evening for one minute .
Intervention period -2 month.
Follow up – After every 20 days of medicine administration
Dr. Saneesh B
Pillai
13 Evaluation Of Bimbimoola
Swarasa With
Ashwagandha In
Shayyamutra W.S.R. To
Stress Induced Nocturnal
Enuresis - A Clinical Study
Study design:This is randomized clinical trial study.
Sample size:40 patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria, excluding
dropouts will be randomly distributed into 2 groups,
Group A-BimbimoolaswarasabhavitaAshwagandhavati twice a day
before meals. Adult dose is 1 Karsha, which will be converted to
child dose, using Young's Rule according to the age of child.
Group B- Control with Syrup Mentat.
Duration - 90 days.
Followup- every 15 days
Dr. Tasneem
Donur
14 A Clinical Study To
Evaluate The Efficacy Of
KarshyaharaLouha In The
Management Of
BalaKarshya W.S.R. To
Malnutrition.
Study design: This is randomized clinical trial studySample size:
30 patients excluding dropouts
Intervention;KarshyaharaLouha, dose converted according to
young’s formula after food for 30 days.
Follow up- 15 th day
Dr. Rajabhau Bade
S.N.V.V.S’S S.G.V. AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE, BAILHONGAL-591102
RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
SL. NO. NAME OF THE TOPIC NAME OF THE
JOURNAL
NAME OF THE
AUTHOR
MONTH & YEAR
1
Globalization of forgotten
Trunadhanya’s and adopting them in
daily diet
Ayurveda Darpan Journal of Indian
Medicine
Dr. Manjula
Heggai (PG Scholar)
December-2018
2
A clinical Success story of Ekakushta (Plaque psoriasis)
with Ayurvedic Management
Ayurveda Darpan Journal of Indian
Medicine
Dr. Roopa Kalashetti
(PG Scholar)
December-2018
3
Explore of Folklore Medicinal Plants-
Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma
indicum Linn.R.BR.)
International journal of Applied
Ayurveda Research
Dr. Sarojini Byadigi Reader
June-2019