Snohomish County Hazardous Materials and Weapons of Mass Destruction.

Snohomish County Snohomish County Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials

andandWeapons of Mass Weapons of Mass

DestructionDestruction

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelines

PurposePurpose- To establish consistent and - To establish consistent and safe guidelines for first response to safe guidelines for first response to hazardous materials and WMD hazardous materials and WMD incidents. A chemical or biological incidents. A chemical or biological hazardous material shall be defined hazardous material shall be defined as any substance (solid, liquid or as any substance (solid, liquid or gas) capable of creating harm to gas) capable of creating harm to people, property or the people, property or the environment. environment.


Command-Command- The ICS adopted by the The ICS adopted by the Snohomish County Fire Chief’s Snohomish County Fire Chief’s Association shall be used at all Association shall be used at all Hazmat incidents. The system is Hazmat incidents. The system is compliant with the National compliant with the National Incident Management System Incident Management System (NIMS). (NIMS).


Command Post-Command Post- The command post The command post shall be located uphill, upwind shall be located uphill, upwind and at a safe distance from the and at a safe distance from the incident. All personnel at the incident. All personnel at the Command Post shall have Command Post shall have appropriate personal protective appropriate personal protective equipment. equipment.

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesInitial Precautions-Initial Precautions- The following The following

precautions shall be taken by precautions shall be taken by allall personnel at the time of dispatch to personnel at the time of dispatch to a possible Hazmat or WMD incident:a possible Hazmat or WMD incident:– Full bunker gear before responseFull bunker gear before response– Note wind directionNote wind direction– Approach from uphill/upwind, if possibleApproach from uphill/upwind, if possible– Position apparatus at a safe distance Position apparatus at a safe distance

(Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) Green section)(Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) Green section)

– SCBA’s in “stand-by” positionSCBA’s in “stand-by” position

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesSize up-Size up- Determine if Hazmat is Determine if Hazmat is

present. The following may present. The following may indicate the presence of a Hazmat:indicate the presence of a Hazmat:– Type of OccupancyType of Occupancy– Type of ContainerType of Container– Placards and/or LabelsPlacards and/or Labels– Info from bystanders, employees or driversInfo from bystanders, employees or drivers– Suspicious packages or lettersSuspicious packages or letters– Transportation documentsTransportation documents– Pre-fire informationPre-fire information

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesNotification and Report-Notification and Report- After After

determining that a Hazmat may determining that a Hazmat may be involved, immediately notify be involved, immediately notify dispatch. Request the notification dispatch. Request the notification of the local Emergency of the local Emergency Management Duty Staff and Management Duty Staff and establish Incident Command.establish Incident Command.

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesIsolate and Deny Entry-Isolate and Deny Entry- Use the Use the

following methods to isolate the following methods to isolate the scene and deny entry:scene and deny entry:

ConesCones Barrier tapeBarrier tape Stage incoming units at Stage incoming units at

intersectionsintersections Law enforcementLaw enforcement


ChemistryChemistry

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesIdentify Hazmat-Identify Hazmat- Use the following Use the following

information to gather essential information to gather essential information:information:

Utilize previously gathered infoUtilize previously gathered info Talk to owner, driver, employee, Talk to owner, driver, employee,

etc.etc. Contact shipperContact shipper Contact the manufacturerContact the manufacturer Request assistance from Request assistance from

Snohomish County HazmatSnohomish County Hazmat

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesAssess the Potential-Assess the Potential- Container size and amount of Container size and amount of

materialmaterial Type of HazmatType of Hazmat Damage to container/ rate of Damage to container/ rate of

releaserelease WeatherWeather Location/population riskLocation/population risk Fire involvement or likelihoodFire involvement or likelihood

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesCall for Help-Call for Help- Emergency ManagementEmergency Management Police, WSP, SheriffPolice, WSP, Sheriff Public WorksPublic Works Coast GuardCoast Guard Mutual AidMutual Aid Chemist, Poison Control, ChemtrecChemist, Poison Control, Chemtrec Red Cross and/or Support 7Red Cross and/or Support 7

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesControl Zones-Control Zones- Establish exclusionary zone (using Establish exclusionary zone (using

Initial Isolation Distances in ERG) Initial Isolation Distances in ERG) Utilize local geography when Utilize local geography when

establishing Initial Isolation Zones establishing Initial Isolation Zones (i.e. highways, railroad tracks, (i.e. highways, railroad tracks, water, etc.)water, etc.)

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesDefensive Tactical Considerations-Defensive Tactical Considerations- Rescue:Rescue: Attempt only if not endangering Attempt only if not endangering

personnelpersonnel All victims and rescuers considered All victims and rescuers considered

contaminated (Decon in place)contaminated (Decon in place) PPE is adequatePPE is adequate Victim is viableVictim is viable Back-up team and buddy system Back-up team and buddy system

usedused

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesDefensive Tactical Considerations-Defensive Tactical Considerations-

Confinement:Confinement: Damming and/or dikingDamming and/or diking DivertingDiverting AbsorptionAbsorption Covering solidsCovering solids

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesDefensive Tactical Considerations-Defensive Tactical Considerations- Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks: Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks: Trained “Operations” level only Trained “Operations” level only Proper PPE (Full turnouts and Proper PPE (Full turnouts and

chemical protective gloves)chemical protective gloves) Ignition sources are removedIgnition sources are removed Appropriate defensive actions in Appropriate defensive actions in

placeplace Avoid turnout contamination Avoid turnout contamination

(plastic, Tyvek, etc.) (plastic, Tyvek, etc.)

First Responder First Responder GuidelinesGuidelinesDefensive Tactical Considerations-Defensive Tactical Considerations- Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks (cont.): Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks (cont.): Charged hose line in place for Decon Charged hose line in place for Decon Dry Chemical extinguisher in place Dry Chemical extinguisher in place

during pluggingduring plugging Personnel must follow manufacturer’s Personnel must follow manufacturer’s

preparation for plugging materialpreparation for plugging material Engine company should Engine company should nevernever

exceed level of training exceed level of training


Extinguishment: Extinguishment: Extinguishing agents may be Extinguishing agents may be

contaminated and should be contained contaminated and should be contained Some poisons and pesticides Some poisons and pesticides

breakdown more efficiently when breakdown more efficiently when burnedburned

Flammable gases that are burning Flammable gases that are burning should not be extinguished prior to should not be extinguished prior to stopping flow stopping flow


Extinguishment (cont.): Extinguishment (cont.): Some products are reactive to Some products are reactive to

extinguishing agentsextinguishing agents If flame is impinging a container, If flame is impinging a container,

water should be used to cool the water should be used to cool the container at point of impingement container at point of impingement


Pipeline Procedure-Pipeline Procedure- Main Line 26” to 30” with 809 to 960 Main Line 26” to 30” with 809 to 960

psipsi Lateral lines 16” to 20” with .25 to Lateral lines 16” to 20” with .25 to

250 psi250 psi Distribution lines 1.25” to 16” Distribution lines 1.25” to 16”

with .25 to 250 psi with .25 to 250 psi


Pipeline Procedure- Natural GasPipeline Procedure- Natural Gas

Tactical Considerations:Tactical Considerations: Leak detection Leak detection

Blowing sound and/or dirtBlowing sound and/or dirtBubbles from beneath waterBubbles from beneath waterFire coming from groundFire coming from groundOdor of Mercaptan Odor of Mercaptan


Pipeline Procedure- Natural GasPipeline Procedure- Natural GasTactical Considerations:Tactical Considerations: Chemical Characteristics Chemical Characteristics

Lighter than airLighter than air4-15% flammable range4-15% flammable rangeReadily ignitedReadily ignitedCan flashback to sourceCan flashback to sourceGas can be trapped under asphalt Gas can be trapped under asphalt Trapped gas can explode Trapped gas can explode


Pipeline Procedure- Natural GasPipeline Procedure- Natural Gas

Tactical Considerations:Tactical Considerations: Protective Actions Protective Actions

If on fire, do not extinguishIf on fire, do not extinguishEvacuate immediate areaEvacuate immediate areaControl exposuresControl exposuresAir monitor surrounding areaAir monitor surrounding areaControl ignition sources if leak only Control ignition sources if leak only


Pipeline Procedure- Flammable LiquidsPipeline Procedure- Flammable Liquids

Basic Information:Basic Information: Main lines are 16” & 20” with 350 to Main lines are 16” & 20” with 350 to

1250 psi1250 psi Main lines can leak up to 6700 gpmMain lines can leak up to 6700 gpm Products carried are gasoline, jet fuel Products carried are gasoline, jet fuel

and dieseland diesel



Tactical Considerations:Tactical Considerations: Leak detection:Leak detection:

All fuels have strong distinctive odorAll fuels have strong distinctive odorColorful sheens will appear on water/flat Colorful sheens will appear on water/flat

surfacessurfacesGasoline is flammableGasoline is flammableDiesel and Jet Fuel are combustibleDiesel and Jet Fuel are combustibleAll products have VP >1 and SG <1 All products have VP >1 and SG <1



Tactical Considerations:Tactical Considerations: Protective Actions:Protective Actions:

Notify Olympic Pipeline (800-271-8880)Notify Olympic Pipeline (800-271-8880)Evacuate exposures downhill/downwindEvacuate exposures downhill/downwindDo not extinguishDo not extinguishDam, dyke, divert as appropriateDam, dyke, divert as appropriateAvoid prolonged exposure to vapors Avoid prolonged exposure to vapors


BiologyBiology


Biological Agent Response ActionsBiological Agent Response Actions In general, will not involve a scene to respond In general, will not involve a scene to respond

toto May require days or weeks to detect patternsMay require days or weeks to detect patterns Incidents may involve:Incidents may involve:

Threat of releaseThreat of release Detected device prior to releaseDetected device prior to release Observed perpetrator in act of disseminating agentObserved perpetrator in act of disseminating agent Package or letter with reported agent or suspected Package or letter with reported agent or suspected

agentagent


Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.)Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.) Credible threats managed by NIMS and unified Credible threats managed by NIMS and unified

command with Law Enforcement as lead agency command with Law Enforcement as lead agency Non-credible threats handled similar to bomb Non-credible threats handled similar to bomb

threatsthreats Law Enforcement Duty Chief and Duty Sergeant Law Enforcement Duty Chief and Duty Sergeant

will be notified by dispatch of a threatwill be notified by dispatch of a threat Law Enforcement Duty Chief will assess Law Enforcement Duty Chief will assess

credibility of threat and notify FBI, if appropriatecredibility of threat and notify FBI, if appropriate Fire Department resources will support onlyFire Department resources will support only


Biological Agent Response Actions Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.)(cont.)

Isolate area and establish a perimeterIsolate area and establish a perimeter Quarantine persons involved in the immediate Quarantine persons involved in the immediate

area and place them in area of safe refugearea and place them in area of safe refuge Recover and double bag unopened packagesRecover and double bag unopened packages Request HazMat response for open packagesRequest HazMat response for open packages Shut down HVAC systems and reduce potential Shut down HVAC systems and reduce potential

spreadspread DO NOT USE SUSPECTED AGENT NAME OVER DO NOT USE SUSPECTED AGENT NAME OVER

RADIORADIO


Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.)Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.) If the product is deemed a credible threat:If the product is deemed a credible threat:

Follow HazMat procedures for isolation, product Follow HazMat procedures for isolation, product packaging and Decon procedurespackaging and Decon procedures

Collect Collect allall incident and response contact information incident and response contact information Contact local health district to coordinate specimen Contact local health district to coordinate specimen

testing at Washington State DOH Epidemiology Labtesting at Washington State DOH Epidemiology Lab If unable to reach, contact ESCAIf unable to reach, contact ESCA Law Enforcement and fire official will remain on-Law Enforcement and fire official will remain on-

scene until final disposition of specimen is scene until final disposition of specimen is determineddetermined

Law Enforcement will deliver specimen to labLaw Enforcement will deliver specimen to lab

First Responder GuidelinesFirst Responder GuidelinesBiological Incident FlowchartBiological Incident Flowchart

First Responder GuidelinesFirst Responder GuidelinesBIOLOGICAL AGENTS

AGENT INCUBATION LETHALITY PERSISTENCE DISSEMINATION

Bacteria

Anthrax 1 -5 days 3 -5 days fatal Very Stable Aerosol

Cholera 12 hours – 6 days Low with treatmentHigh without treatment

Unstable Stable in saltwater

AerosolSabotage of water

Plague 1 – 3 days 1 – 6 days fatal Extremely stable Aerosol

Tularemia 1 – 10 days 2 weeks moderate Very stable Aerosol

Q fever 14 – 26 days Weeks? Stable AerosolSabotage

Viruses

Smallpox 10 – 12 days High Very stable Aerosol

Venezuelan EquineEncephalitis

1 – 6 days Low Unstable AerosolVectors

Ebola 4 – 6 days 7 – 16 days fatal Unstable AerosolDirect contact

Biological Toxins

Botulinum toxins Hours to days High without treatment

Stable AerosolSabotage

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

1to 6 hours Low Stable AerosolSabotage

Ricin Hours to days 10 – 12 days fatal Stable AerosolSabotage

Tricothecene 2 – 4 hours Moderate Extremely stable AerosolSabotage

First Responder GuidelinesFirst Responder GuidelinesChemical Agent Signs and Symptoms

Agent Effects Smell Onset First Aid Decontamination

Detection

Nerve:SarinSomanVX

Vapor: Pinpoint pupils, salivation, shortness of breathLiquid: Increased sweating at site,localized muscletwitchingBoth: Nauseavomiting, seizures

Fruity smell like Juicyfruit gumCamphorSulfur

SecondsMinutes tohours

Mark I kit(atropine & 2 pamchloride) 1-3 kitsDiazepam if symptoms are severe

Skin:5% bleach solutionEquipment:5% bleach solution

Liquid: M8 paper,M9 paperVapors: M256 kit,DragerAPD-2000

Blister:MustardLewisitePhosgeneOxime

Vapor: Irritated eyes,runny nose, sneezing,hacking coughLiquid: Redness of skin, blisters, moderateto severe pain

GarlicGeraniumsIrritating

HoursRapid painIf Lewisiteor PhosgeneOxime

NoneSupportive carefor pain andblisters

Skin:5% bleach solutionEquipment:5% bleach solution

Liquid: M8 paper,M9 paperVapors: M256 kit,Drager,APD-2000

Choking:PhosgeneChlorine

Coughing, choking,tightness in chest, afeeling of suffocation,edema and death

Mowed hay orgrassSwimming poolor bleach

Seconds Remove fromenvironment,give oxygen

None Drager, APD-2000

Blood:HydrogenCyanideCyanogenChloride

Gasping for air, reddish skin,unconsciousness,seizures, death

Bitter almondsBitter almonds

Seconds Remove fromenvironment, give amyl nitrate,sodium thiosulfate &/orsodium nitrate

None Drager, M256 kit,APD-2000


Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Responses

Approach:Approach:Do not rush in - assume HazMat presentDo not rush in - assume HazMat presentAvoid any exposureAvoid any exposurePosition apparatus uphill, upwind and Position apparatus uphill, upwind and

facing away from incidentfacing away from incidentRecon will be made using SCBA and full Recon will be made using SCBA and full

PPE using the buddy systemPPE using the buddy system



Size-up:Size-up:Determine type of incident using Determine type of incident using

binocularsbinocularsIdentify product and/or containerIdentify product and/or containerDetermine priorities- life, environment, Determine priorities- life, environment,

propertypropertyIs facility a possible terrorist targetIs facility a possible terrorist targetIs there a suspected Biological AgentIs there a suspected Biological Agent



Report:Report:Report to dispatch and incoming unitsReport to dispatch and incoming unitsEstablish command and command postEstablish command and command postGive size-up from gathered informationGive size-up from gathered informationCall for help as neededCall for help as neededState your objectives: Control, rescue, State your objectives: Control, rescue,

etc.etc.



Scene Control:Scene Control:Isolate the area (use ERG or Pipeline Isolate the area (use ERG or Pipeline

Procedure Guide)Procedure Guide)Deny entry and stage incoming unitsDeny entry and stage incoming unitsDetermine safe approach routeDetermine safe approach routeEstablish emergency Decon for victims Establish emergency Decon for victims

and/or rescuers and/or rescuers



Gather Information:Gather Information:Product name- UN number, classificationProduct name- UN number, classificationPaperwork- MSDS, shipping papers, Paperwork- MSDS, shipping papers,

consists consists Resources- driver/shipper, plant Resources- driver/shipper, plant

specialistsspecialistsDetermine potential- exposures, Determine potential- exposures,

weather, release type and rate of releaseweather, release type and rate of release


Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Establish Emergency or Mass Decon:Establish Emergency or Mass Decon:

Locate Decon area uphill/upwindLocate Decon area uphill/upwindLay 1 ¾” for Emergency DeconLay 1 ¾” for Emergency DeconPosition apparatus in triangle for Mass DeconPosition apparatus in triangle for Mass DeconBag and label personal belongingsBag and label personal belongingsDry brush powder contaminantsDry brush powder contaminantsFlush with water for 5 to 15 minutesFlush with water for 5 to 15 minutesSegregate symptomatic and non-Segregate symptomatic and non-

symptomatic symptomatic


Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Establish Emergency or Mass Decon Establish Emergency or Mass Decon

(cont)(cont) : :Perform secondary evaluation of patientPerform secondary evaluation of patientProvide blanket or Tyvek coverallProvide blanket or Tyvek coverallAvoid aid unit contamination Avoid aid unit contamination Cover gurney in plastic and transport crews Cover gurney in plastic and transport crews

in chemical protective glovesin chemical protective glovesNotify hospital of contaminationNotify hospital of contaminationMCI protocols shall be utilized for patient MCI protocols shall be utilized for patient

care after Mass Deconcare after Mass Decon



Rescue :Rescue :Attempt rescue Attempt rescue onlyonly if: if:

Patient is viablePatient is viable PPE is availablePPE is available Buddy system is usedBuddy system is used Back-up team is availableBack-up team is available

First Responder GuidelinesFirst Responder GuidelinesHazMat Group Organization ChartHazMat Group Organization Chart

HAZMAT MEDICAL

MEDIC

EMT’s

REHAB

ENTRY OFFICER

ENTRY

BACK UP

RESOURCE

AID

OPERATIONSHAZ MAT GROUP/BRANCH

HAZMAT SAFETY

HAZMAT TEAM AIDHAZMAT GROUP

SUPERVISOR

INCIDENT COMMAND

AGENCY REP TOINCIDENT COMMAND

SITE SAFETY HAZMAT LIAISON

DECONOFFICER

AID

DECON TEAM


Terrorism


Any Questions?

Snohomish County Hazardous Materials and Weapons of Mass Destruction.

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