SNAP ED NEEDS ASSESSMENT · Pend Oreille 33% Spokane 32% helan 29% Lincoln 28% Demographic reakdown...

SNAP-ED NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Region One 2019

Data Profile Region One

2

Eligibility Breakdown 4

Demographic Breakdown 4

Food and Nutrition Breakdown

Youth

Adult

10

10

13

Physical Activity Breakdown

Youth

Adult

16

16

19

Quality of Life Breakdown

Youth

Adult

20

21

21

Methodology 24

Table of Contents

Contributors

Steve Smith, Research Scientist 2

Morgan O’Dell, Research Scientist 1

Yu-Yu Tien, Research Scientist 1

3

Introduction

The Washington State SNAP-Ed Needs Assessment State and Regional Data Profiles provide data on the

demographic and social characteristics of the SNAP-eligible population in Washington State as well as

specific diet and physical activity-related outcomes and behaviors of the population. Where possible,

data is broken down by state, region, and county for comparison across geographies. For diet and

physical activity-related data, statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between SNAP-eligible and

non-eligible populations as well as significant differences between the region, county and state are

noted.

The Data Profiles are divided into eight sections including:

Eligibility

Demographics

Youth Food and Nutrition

Adult Food and Nutrition

Youth Physical Activity

Adult Physical Activity

Youth Quality of Life

Adult Quality of Life

For this report, SNAP-eligible populations are defined as those residents (adult and youth) within 185%

of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). For youth food and nutrition and physical activity data, SNAP-eligible

populations are those students eligible for the National School Lunch Program (free and reduced lunch).

In cases where data is not available for those within 185% FPL, poverty status is defined in the tables and

charts.

The information in this document serves as a snapshot of the SNAP-eligible population in Washington

State. Data and figures in these profiles can assist local, regional, and state SNAP-Ed practitioners and

community partners in identifying target audiences and interventions to meet the needs of their clients.

Further information and analysis on the SNAP-eligible population in Washington State is included in the

Washington State SNAP-Ed Needs Assessment.

Data sources include: U.S. Census Bureau American, Community Survey; Washington State Department

of Health, Center for Health Statistics, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; and Washington State

Department of Health Healthy Youth Survey.

4

Eligibility Breakdown

Figure 1, Percent of Population That is Eligible for SNAP-Ed, ACS 2013-2017

Washington 25%

Region 1 34%

Adams 47%

Okanogan 44%

Ferry 40%

Grant 39%

Stevens 35%

Douglas 34%

Pend Oreille 33%

Spokane 32%

Chelan 29%

Lincoln 28%

Demographic Breakdown

Figure 2. Percent of the Population Living at or Below 185% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Age Groups, ACS 2013-2017

Under 6

years 6 to 11 years

12 to 17

years

18 to 24 years

25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 to 74 years

75 years and over

Washington 36% 34% 31% 40% 26% 22% 18% 18% 18% 27%

Region 1 48% 46% 38% 49% 38% 30% 23% 23% 22% 31%

Adams 65% 63% 64% 45% 38% 50% 31% 27% 30% 29%

Chelan 40% 42% 37% 26% 30% 27% 18% 23% 23% 39%

Douglas 51% 52% 42% 44% 38% 29% 28% 20% 18% 27%

Ferry 71% 50% 25% 62% 63% 36% 35% 34% 23% 33%

Grant 54% 53% 45% 51% 42% 35% 26% 23% 22% 34%

Lincoln 44% 39% 36% 30% 30% 23% 26% 21% 22% 31%

Okanogan 60% 63% 55% 56% 52% 45% 34% 33% 23% 40%

Pend Oreille 32% 39% 38% 54% 30% 36% 34% 29% 24% 32%

Spokane 45% 42% 33% 52% 38% 28% 21% 22% 20% 28%

Stevens 62% 45% 42% 44% 43% 34% 28% 25% 26% 32%

5

Note: Data for some counties were not available because the number of sample cases is small, and data were suppressed by ACS.

Figure 4. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Race/Ethnicity, ACS 2013-2017

White Black or African

American

American Indian and

Alaska Native

Asian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific

Islander

Some other race

Two or more races

Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race)

Washington 14% 28% 32% 13% 24% 31% 20% 29%

Region 1 18% 40% 34% 18% 56% 36% 30% 32%

Chelan 16% 39% 11% 16% 46% 23% 18% 23%

Douglas 15% 33% 42% 15% 13% 35% 29% 30%

Grant 17% 16% 31% 13% 46% 36% 26% 33%

Okanogan 25% 45% 32% 19% 39% 50% 30% 46%

Spokane 19% 42% 36% 18% 58% 34% 33% 32%

Stevens 19% 56% 38% 27% 17% 67% 23% 57%

Figure 3. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Sex, ACS 2013-2017

Male Female

Washington 15% 17%

Region 1 20% 21%

Chelan 15% 18%

Douglas 19% 21%

Grant 21% 23%

Okanogan 27% 29%

Spokane 20% 21%

Stevens 18% 22%

6

Figure 5. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Nativity, ACS 2013-2017

Native Foreign

born Naturalized

citizen

Washington 15% 20% 14%

Region 1 20% 26% 18%

Chelan 16% 17% 21%

Douglas 18% 30% 19%

Grant 21% 28% 13%

Okanogan 27% 40% 22%

Spokane 20% 24% 18%

Stevens 20% 32% 26%


Figure 6. Percent of Population 25 Years and Over Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Education, ACS 2013-2017

Population 25 years and over

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college or as-sociate degree

Bachelor's degree or

higher

Washington 13% 30% 17% 13% 6%

Region 1 17% 32% 21% 16% 7%

Chelan 14% 19% 20% 14% 7%

Douglas 16% 31% 16% 12% 6%

Grant 17% 29% 18% 14% 5%

Okanogan 24% 41% 25% 22% 9%

Spokane 16% 37% 21% 17% 7%

Stevens 18% 31% 20% 17% 7%

7


Figure 7. Percent of Population 16 to 64 Years Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Work Status, ACS 2013-2017

Population 16 to 64 years

Worked full-time, year-round

Worked less than full-time, year-round

Did not work

Washington 15% 4% 22% 33%

Region 1 20% 6% 27% 39%

Chelan 14% 4% 18% 32%

Douglas 18% 7% 24% 36%

Grant 20% 8% 26% 36%

Okanogan 28% 8% 34% 50%

Spokane 20% 6% 28% 40%

Stevens 21% 4% 26% 37%

Figure 8. Percent of Population Living at or Below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Disability, ACS 2013-2017 

With any disability

No disability

Washington 26% 15%

Region 1 30% 19%

Chelan 20% 16%

Douglas 25% 19%

Grant 28% 22%

Okanogan 33% 27%

Spokane 31% 19%

Stevens 29% 18%

8

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9

Figure 10. Percent of Population with Health Insurance Living at or Below 150% of the Federal Poverty Level, ACS 2017

Washington 89%

Region 1 91%

Chelan 91%

Grant 85%

Spokane 92%

Figure 11. Percent of Population Living at or Below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level, by Types Of Language Spoken At Home, ACS 2013-2017

Only English Spanish Other Indo-European

languages Asian and Pacific Island

languages Other

languages

Washington 11% 22% 12% 12% 27%

Region 1 14% 24% 22% 19% 36%

Adams 14% 25% 3% 85% 62%

Chelan 10% 20% 31% 3% 6%

Douglas 9% 23% 0% 0% 86%

Ferry 20% 11% 16% 60% 34%

Grant 11% 22% 24% 1% 15%

Lincoln 13% 22% 66% 17% 0%

Okanogan 18% 38% 33% 1% 7%

Pend Oreille 17% 6% 29% 50% 23%

Spokane 14% 25% 22% 21% 33%

Stevens 15% 33% 34% 27% 56%


10

Food and Nutrition Breakdown

Youth

Figure 12. Percent of Youth Ate Potato Chips in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018

Eligible Non-Eligible

Region One*† 59% 62%

WA State* 57% 61%

Figure 13. Percent of Youth Drank 100% Fruit Juice in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018


Region One* 72% 69%

WA State* 71% 65%

Figure 14. Percent of Youth Ate Fruit in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018


Region One 90% 91%

WA State* 90% 92%

* There is a significant difference in a behavior between the eligible and non-eligible population.

† Among the eligible population, there is a significant difference in a behavior between the region and the rest of WA.

The purpose of this section is to show the differences or similarities in food and nutrition between the SNAP eligible and

non-eligible populations in Region One compared to Washington State, it includes data for both youth and adults.

Significance testing was performed to determine differences in behavior between the SNAP eligible and non-eligible

population and differences in behavior between the state and region.

11

Figure 15. Percent of Youth Ate Carrots in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018


Region One* 51% 57%

WA State* 50% 57%

Figure 16. Percent of Youth Ate Other Vegetables in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018


Region One* 79% 84%

WA State* 80% 85%

Figure 17. Percent of Youth Ate Potatoes in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018



WA State* 58% 60%

12

Figure 18. Percent of Youth Ate Green Salad in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018



WA State* 58% 66%

Figure 19. Percent of Youth Ate 5 or More Fruits and Vegetables per Day, HYS 2018


Region One 18% 16%

WA State 18% 18%

Figure 20. Percent of Youth Drank Sweet Drinks at Least Once in the Past 7 Days, HYS 2018



WA State* 79% 74%

13

Figure 21. Percent of Youth that Had to Skip or Cut Meals at Least Once in the Last 12 Months, HYS 2018


Region One* 23% 9%

WA State* 23% 9%

Figure 22. Percent of Youth Ate Breakfast Today, HYS 2018



WA State* 54% 64%

Adult

Figure 23. Percent of Adults Drank 100% Fruit Juice at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017


WA State* 47% 40%

Region One 47% 43%

Grant 55% 45%

Spokane 45% 41%

Stevens 41% 54%

14

Figure 24. Percent of Adults Ate Fruit at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 91% 95%

Region One 92% 94%

Grant 92% 98%

Spokane 94% 94%

Stevens 90% 93%

Figure 25. Percent of Adults Ate Green Leafy or Lettuce Salad at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 77% 90%

Region One* 81% 90%

Grant* 71% 90%

Spokane* 83% 91%

Stevens 76% 87%

Figure 26. Percent of Adults Ate Orange-Colored Vegetables at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2015

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 60% 69%

Region One* 59% 68%

Grant* 54% 80%

Spokane 61% 65%

Stevens 71% 65%

15

Figure 27. Percent of Adults Ate Other Vegetable (Not Including Lettuce Salads and Potatoes) at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 88% 96%

Region One 93% 93%

Grant 82% 92%

Spokane† 96% 94%

Stevens† 98% 90%

Figure 28. Percent of Adults Ate Non-Fried Potatoes at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 51% 56%

Region One 56% 61%

Grant 51% 58%

Spokane 57% 60%

Stevens 61% 60%

Figure 29. Percent of Adults Ate Fried Potato at Least Once a Week, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State 49% 50%

Region One† 56% 52%

Grant 39% 53%

Spokane† 61% 53%

Stevens 51% 50%

16

Physical Activity

Youth

Figure 31. Percent of Youth Were Physically Active For at Least 60 Minutes For Five Days or More in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018



WA State* 48% 56%

Figure 32. On Average, Number of Days Youth Were Physically Active For at Least 60 Minutes in The Past 7 Days, HYS 2018

Eligible

Non-Eligible

Region One*†

4.1

4.6

WA State* 3.9 4.3

The purpose of this section is to show the differences or similarities in physical activity between the SNAP eligible and non-

eligible populations in Region One compared to Washington State, it includes physical activity data for both youth and

adults. Significance testing was performed to determine differences in behavior between the SNAP eligible and non-eligible


Figure 30. Percent of Adults Rarely or Never Stressed About Having Enough Money for Food in the Past 12 Months, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 56% 90%


Grant* 67% 91%

Spokane* 59% 90%

Stevens 69% 87%

17

Figure 33. Percent of Youth Did Muscle Strengthening Exercises in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018



WA State* 69% 74%

Figure 34. On Average, Number of Days That Youth Did Muscle Strengthening Exercises in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018


Region One*† 2.9 3.2

WA State* 2.7 2.9

Figure 35. Percent of Youth Walked or Biked to School at Least One Day in the Last 7 Days, HYS 2018


Region One* 41% 27%

WA State* 40% 29%

18

Figure 36. Percent of Youth Have at Least One Day PE Class per Week, HYS 2018



WA State 49% 48%

Figure 37. On Average, Number of Days Youth Has a PE Class per Week, HYS 2018


Region One† 2.4 2.4

WA State 2.1 2.1

Figure 38. Percent of Youth Spend 30 Minutes or More per PE Class, HYS 2018



WA State 41% 41%

19

Adult

Figure 39. Percent of Adults Participated in 150 Minutes of Moderate or 75 Minutes Vigorous Physical Activity per Week, BRFSS 2017


WA State* 48% 62%

Region One* 49% 60%

Grant 39% 53%

Spokane 56% 58%

Stevens 58% 64%

Figure 40. Percent of Adults Participated in Muscle Strengthening Exercise Two Days per Week, BRFSS 2017


WA State* 29% 34%

Region One* 27% 35%

Grant 34% 30%

Spokane 32% 34%

Stevens* 18% 44%

Figure 41. Percent of Adults Participated in Physical Activity Other than Regular Job During the Past Month, BRFSS 2017


WA State* 73% 84%

Region One* 72% 83%

Grant 72% 70%

Spokane 77% 84%

Stevens 80% 78%

20

Quality of Life Breakdown

Youth

The purpose of this section is to show the differences or similarities in quality of life between the SNAP eligible and non-

eligible populations in Region One compared to Washington State, it includes quality of life data for both youth and adults.

Significance testing was performed to determine differences in behavior between the SNAP eligible and non-eligible


Figure 42. Percent of Youth That Were Obese or Overweight, HYS 2018


Region One* 36% 24%

WA State* 36% 24%

Figure 43. Percent of Youth That Were Underweight, HYS 2018


Region One* 3% 4%

WA State* 3% 4%

Figure 44. Percent of Youth Always or Most of the Time Eat Dinner with Family, HYS 2018


Region One* 54% 66%

WA State* 52% 64%

21

Figure 45. Percent of Youth Watch Less Than 1 Hour per Day or Don't Watch TV Shows, Movies, or Stream Videos, HYS 2018


Region One* 22% 26%

WA State* 21% 25%

Figure 46. Percent of Youth Play Less Than 1 Hour per Day or Don't Play Video or Computer Games, HYS 2018


Region One* 43% 46%

WA State* 42% 44%

Figure 47. Percent of Adults That Were Overweight or Obese, BRFSS 2017


WA State 64% 63%

Region One 64% 66%

Grant 53% 70%

Spokane 63% 63%

Stevens 71% 64%

Adult

22

Figure 49. Percent of Adults with 14 or More Days of Poor Mental Health, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 21% 9%

Region One* 19% 9%

Grant 13% 8%

Spokane* 19% 10%

Stevens 32% 17%

Figure 50. Percent of Adults with 14 or More Days of Poor Physical Health, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 20% 9%

Region One* 22% 9%

Grant* 29% 9%

Spokane* 23% 8%

Stevens 19% 12%

Figure 48. Percent of Adults with Good or Better Health, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 71% 89%

Region One* 73% 89%

Grant* 65% 84%

Spokane* 78% 90%

Stevens*† 50% 92%

23

Figure 51. Percent of Adults with Diabetes, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State* 13% 8%

Region One† 9% 8%

Grant 17% 11%

Spokane 9% 7%

Stevens 10% 5%

Figure 52. Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, BRFSS 2017

Eligible Non-

Eligible

WA State 29% 30%

Region One 30% 29%

Grant 30% 29%

Spokane 26% 26%

Stevens 43% 25%

Figure 53. Percent of Adults with High Cholesterol, BRFSS 2017


WA State 29% 30%

Region One 29% 29%

Grant† 49% 29%

Spokane 23% 27%

Stevens† 53% 26%

24

Chi-square test

The Chi-squared test is used to test if there is a relationship between two categorical variables. For example, this test examines if there is a significantly difference in a behavior (such as eat fruit) between the eligible and non-eligible population. If the test indicates a statistically significant relationship, it suggests that the eligible population has a higher/lower rate of acting on the behavior (such as eating fruit) than the non-eligible population. Significance testing utilized chi-squared to compare eligible to non-eligible, region to state, and county to state for categorical variables.

Two independent samples t-test

An independent samples t-test is used to compare the means of a continuous variable between two independent groups. For example, this test examines if the average number of days being physically active differs between the eligible and non-eligible population. If the test indicates a statistically significant relationship, it suggested that the eligible population had a significantly more/less days of being physically active than the non-eligible population. Significance testing utilized t-tests to compare eligible to non-eligible, region to state, and county to state for continuous variables.

Healthy Youth Survey (HYS)

HYS is collaborative effort of OSPI, DOH, the Department of Social and Health Service’s Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery, and the Liquor and Cannabis Board. The voluntary survey provides important information about the health and well-being of youth in Washington, at the state, county and school district levels. A simple random sample of schools was recruited at the state level. The survey is administered in October of even years to students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12. In the fall of 2018, more than 230,000 students took part in the survey in Washington State.

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

The BRFSS is a yearly survey that measures changes in the health of people. The BRFSS collects data from adults aged 18 years or older. Most BRFSS data are gathered through telephone interviews. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) coordinates the survey, but it is conducted separately by each state. In Washington State, over 1,000 interviews are completed monthly.

American Community Survey (ACS)

The ACS is an ongoing survey by the U.S. Census Bureau. ACS is a national survey that uses continuous measurement methods. In this survey, a series of monthly samples produce annual estimates for the same small areas (census tracts and block groups) formerly surveyed via the decennial census long-form sample. ACS collects a great variety of information such as demographics, sociodemographic, housing, and family structure.

Methodology

SNAP ED NEEDS ASSESSMENT · Pend Oreille 33% Spokane 32% helan 29% Lincoln 28% Demographic reakdown...

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