S.M.VIJAYANAND PRINCIPAL SECRETARY LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT OF KERALA DECENTRALISED PLANNING...
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Transcript of S.M.VIJAYANAND PRINCIPAL SECRETARY LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT OF KERALA DECENTRALISED PLANNING...
S.M.VIJAYANANDS.M.VIJAYANANDPRINCIPAL SECRETARYPRINCIPAL SECRETARY
LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENTLOCAL SELF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT OF KERALAGOVERNMENT OF KERALA
DECENTRALISED PLANNINGDECENTRALISED PLANNING
A DECADE OF KERALA EXPERIENCE A DECADE OF KERALA EXPERIENCE
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APPROACHAPPROACH
““Big Bang”Big Bang”• Massive transfer of functions, Massive transfer of functions,
functionaries and funds in a space of ten functionaries and funds in a space of ten monthsmonths
ReversalsReversals• Giving responsibilities and then building Giving responsibilities and then building
capacitycapacity• Giving powers and then setting up Giving powers and then setting up
systemssystems• Transferring resources and then putting Transferring resources and then putting
in place accountability arrangementsin place accountability arrangements
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APPROACH APPROACH (Contd..)(Contd..)
Learning by doingLearning by doing
• Capacity cannot be created ‘in vacuo’Capacity cannot be created ‘in vacuo’
Campaign to set the agenda and instil enthusiasmCampaign to set the agenda and instil enthusiasm
Planning as entry pointPlanning as entry point
Methodology developed after field trials in KalliasseriMethodology developed after field trials in Kalliasseri
Continuous refiningContinuous refining
Activist facilitationActivist facilitation
• Learning from mistakesLearning from mistakes
• Adhoc systemsAdhoc systems
44
APPROACH APPROACH (Contd..)(Contd..)
Fast track response systemFast track response system
Phases of experimentation, correction, Phases of experimentation, correction, stabilization and institutionalizationstabilization and institutionalization
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RESPONSIBILITIES TRANSFERREDRESPONSIBILITIES TRANSFERRED
RoadsRoads• Village Roads and other District Roads Village Roads and other District Roads
(District Panchayat)(District Panchayat)• Roads connecting two villages Roads connecting two villages
(Block Panchayat)(Block Panchayat)• Minor Local roads (Village Panchayat)Minor Local roads (Village Panchayat)
Irrigation (about 75%)– all tiersIrrigation (about 75%)– all tiers
Water supply (about 50%) all tiersWater supply (about 50%) all tiers
Electrification – all tiersElectrification – all tiers
Street lighting – Village PanchayatsStreet lighting – Village Panchayats
66
Human DevelopmentHuman Development• EducationEducation
o Primary Education – Village PanchayatsPrimary Education – Village Panchayatso Secondary Education- District PanchayatsSecondary Education- District Panchayats
• HealthHealtho Primary Health – Village PanchayatsPrimary Health – Village Panchayatso First referral unit – Block PanchayatFirst referral unit – Block Panchayato Secondary Health – District PanchayatsSecondary Health – District Panchayats
• ICDS – Village PanchayatsICDS – Village Panchayats
• Welfare Pensions – Village PanchayatsWelfare Pensions – Village Panchayats
• Women & Child Development(90%) – All tiersWomen & Child Development(90%) – All tiers
• SCP (2/3rd) – All tiers (60-20-20)SCP (2/3rd) – All tiers (60-20-20)
• TSP (50%) – All tiers (50-20-30)TSP (50%) – All tiers (50-20-30)
A. RESPONSIBILITIES TRANSFERREDA. RESPONSIBILITIES TRANSFERRED (Contd…)(Contd…)
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A. RESPONSIBILITIES TRANSFERRED A. RESPONSIBILITIES TRANSFERRED (Contd…)(Contd…)
Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development• Agriculture & allied sectors (75%) – All tiers (75 – 15 – 15)Agriculture & allied sectors (75%) – All tiers (75 – 15 – 15)
• Traditional & local industries (50%)–All tiers (75 – 15 – 15)Traditional & local industries (50%)–All tiers (75 – 15 – 15)
• Poverty reduction (90%) – All tiersPoverty reduction (90%) – All tiers
Absolute clarity in respect of infrastructure – Absolute clarity in respect of infrastructure –
good degree of clarity in respect of services and good degree of clarity in respect of services and
overlaps and blurring in respect of economic overlaps and blurring in respect of economic
development (except poverty reduction)development (except poverty reduction)
Responsibilities indicated in the Panchayat Raj Act itselfResponsibilities indicated in the Panchayat Raj Act itself
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B. FISCAL DECENTRALISATIONB. FISCAL DECENTRALISATION
Classical principles followedClassical principles followed
Strong own fiscal domain of Village Panchayats Strong own fiscal domain of Village Panchayats
(about Rs.100 per capita of own revenue)(about Rs.100 per capita of own revenue)
Transfers matching assigned responsibilitiesTransfers matching assigned responsibilities
• In three streamsIn three streams
o Development FundDevelopment Fund
o Maintenance FundMaintenance Fund
o General Purpose FundGeneral Purpose Fund
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B. FISCAL DECENTRALISATIONB. FISCAL DECENTRALISATIONDevolution of funds Devolution of funds (Rs crores)(Rs crores)
No StreamVillage
PanchayatBlock
PanchayatDistrict
PanchayatTotal
1 Development Fund General 598.52 128.25 128.25 855.02
SCP 235.26 78.42 78.42 392.10
TSP 32.90 13.16 19.74 65.80
Sub total 866.68 219.83 226.41 1312.92
2 Maintenance Fund Non-Road 130.54 25.77 37.12 193.43
Road 110.50 0.00 12.68 123.18
Sub total 241.04 25.77 49.80 316.61
3 General Purpose Fund 241.44 13.44 9.00 263.88
Total 1349.16 259.04 285.21 1893.41
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B.FISCAL DECENTRALISATION B.FISCAL DECENTRALISATION (Contd…)(Contd…)
Fairness and equity in devolution of FundsFairness and equity in devolution of Funds Formula basedFormula based Development & Maintenance FundsDevelopment & Maintenance Funds Inter-se Distribution FormulaInter-se Distribution Formula
No Indicators Vill.Pt.Block
Pt.District
Pt.Municipalities &
Corporations
1 Population excluding (SC/ST) 60 60 50 70
2 Tribal population 5 5 5 5
3
Geographical area excluding area under forests 5 10 15 5
4 Area under paddy 5
5 Own income of Vill. Panchayat 10
6
Composite index of Agricultural labourers, persons engaged in livestock, fisheries et. And marginal workers
15 25 20
7
Composite index of backwardness, houses without latrine, houses without electricity etc. 10 20
Total 100 100 100 100
Weightage percentage
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b) b) General Purpose FundGeneral Purpose FundForty Lakh to each District Forty Lakh to each District PanchayatsPanchayats5.5 lakh to each Block Panchayats5.5 lakh to each Block Panchayats78.5 % of the remaining amount 78.5 % of the remaining amount to Village Panchayats.to Village Panchayats.
• Quality of Funds – untiedQuality of Funds – untied• Predictability of Funds – 5 year allocation approved in Predictability of Funds – 5 year allocation approved in
advanceadvance• Assuredness of Funds – Local Government-wise Assuredness of Funds – Local Government-wise
allocation presented as a separate Budget documentallocation presented as a separate Budget document• Free flowFree flow
B. FISCAL DECENTRALISATIONB. FISCAL DECENTRALISATION(Contd..)(Contd..)
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Mobilization of stakeholders, elected members, Mobilization of stakeholders, elected members,
officials, political parties, employees organizations officials, political parties, employees organizations
and trade unions, academic and R & D institutions, and trade unions, academic and R & D institutions,
Civil Society groups, religious leaders, mediaCivil Society groups, religious leaders, media
Mobilization of Volunteer Technical Corps from Mobilization of Volunteer Technical Corps from
professionals - through individual letters written by professionals - through individual letters written by
Late Shri E.M. S. NamboodiripadLate Shri E.M. S. Namboodiripad
PEOPLE’s CAMPAIGNPEOPLE’s CAMPAIGN
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High Level Guidance CommitteeHigh Level Guidance Committee
Resource persons – about 600 Key Resource persons at State Resource persons – about 600 Key Resource persons at State
level, 1,400 District Resource persons and 1,00,000 Local level, 1,400 District Resource persons and 1,00,000 Local
Resource persons at Village Panchayat levelResource persons at Village Panchayat level
Interactive sessions with PRI leaders by Minister, Planning Interactive sessions with PRI leaders by Minister, Planning
Board Members and SecretaryBoard Members and Secretary
Full page press features on essential principles and Full page press features on essential principles and
proceduresprocedures
• Non-propagandistNon-propagandist
State Planning Board given the nodal role assisted by a Cell State Planning Board given the nodal role assisted by a Cell
of committed individuals from different walks of lifeof committed individuals from different walks of life
PEOPLE’s CAMPAIGN PEOPLE’s CAMPAIGN (Contd..)(Contd..)
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STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESSSTEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS
Needs AssessmentNeeds Assessment• Through Stakeholder consultationsThrough Stakeholder consultations• Through Grama SabhasThrough Grama Sabhas
o Publicity through Kudumbashree network and Publicity through Kudumbashree network and SchoolsSchools
o FacilitatorsFacilitatorso Semi-structured questionnaireSemi-structured questionnaireo Breakout groupsBreakout groupso Recording of discussionsRecording of discussionso Electing convener for each Grama SabhaElecting convener for each Grama Sabhao Official as co-ordinatorOfficial as co-ordinator
• Grama Sabha equivalent for Block & District PanchayatsGrama Sabha equivalent for Block & District Panchayatso Consisting of elected members of lower tiersConsisting of elected members of lower tiers
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Situation analysisSituation analysis through Development Reports through Development Reports prepared once in five yearsprepared once in five years
• Instructions on preparation Instructions on preparation
Available data provided through KILAAvailable data provided through KILA
• Data sources intimatedData sources intimated
• PRA undertakenPRA undertaken
• Drafting Committees for each PanchayatDrafting Committees for each Panchayat
• Support team at District levelSupport team at District level
Strategy settingStrategy setting through Development Seminars through Development Seminars
• Consisting of various stakeholders (about 200 to 500 in Consisting of various stakeholders (about 200 to 500 in number) number)
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)
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Priority setting and Resource allocation- Priority setting and Resource allocation- By elected bodiesBy elected bodies
ProjectisationProjectisation - - By multi-disciplinary Working Groups By multi-disciplinary Working Groups
• Headed by elected MembersHeaded by elected Members
• Convened by official concernedConvened by official concerned
• An expert as an expert Vice ChairmanAn expert as an expert Vice Chairman
• Expert members drawn from civil society, primary Expert members drawn from civil society, primary
stakeholders and professionals in the sectorstakeholders and professionals in the sector
• At least 14 Working Groups for each PRIAt least 14 Working Groups for each PRI
• Project Forms centrally prescribed – to be computerised in Project Forms centrally prescribed – to be computerised in
the XIth Plan and electronic copies giventhe XIth Plan and electronic copies given
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)
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Plan FinalizationPlan Finalization - By elected bodies - By elected bodies
Plan document preparationPlan document preparation• Consisting of following chaptersConsisting of following chapters
1.1. Development scenario of the local governmentDevelopment scenario of the local government
2.2. Efforts during the past ten yearsEfforts during the past ten years
3.3. Success and failuresSuccess and failures
4.4. Physical and Financial achievements and Physical and Financial achievements and
outcomes in the Ninth and Tenth Planoutcomes in the Ninth and Tenth Plan
5.5. Strategic vision of the local governmentStrategic vision of the local government
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)
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6.6. Summary of possible projects sector wise within each sector Summary of possible projects sector wise within each sector
giving the existing scenario, the intended scenario, size of giving the existing scenario, the intended scenario, size of
the gap and the intended phases of filling up of the gaps the gap and the intended phases of filling up of the gaps
with monitorable targets - separately for Plan and with monitorable targets - separately for Plan and
Maintenance planMaintenance plan
7.7. Allocation of resources sub-sector-wise Allocation of resources sub-sector-wise a.a. From Development FundFrom Development Fundb.b. From Maintenance FundFrom Maintenance Fundc.c. From Own Revenue and General Purpose FundFrom Own Revenue and General Purpose Fundd.d. From creditFrom credite.e. From people's contributionFrom people's contribution
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)
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8.8. Write up on Anti-poverty Sub Plan and Destitute Plan, Write up on Anti-poverty Sub Plan and Destitute Plan,
Women Component Plan, Plan for Special Groups and Women Component Plan, Plan for Special Groups and
Special Component Plan and Governance Plan - only very Special Component Plan and Governance Plan - only very
brief summariesbrief summaries
9.9. Maintenance Plan (summary only) Maintenance Plan (summary only)
10.10. Write up on credit linkagesWrite up on credit linkages
11.11. Write up on integrationWrite up on integration
12.12. Write up on monitoring arrangements intendedWrite up on monitoring arrangements intended
• The Anti Poverty Sub Plan, Governance Plan, The Anti Poverty Sub Plan, Governance Plan, Maintenance Plan and wherever applicable, the Tribal Maintenance Plan and wherever applicable, the Tribal Sub Plan are separate documents where full details Sub Plan are separate documents where full details would be presented. would be presented.
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)
2020
Vetting of PlansVetting of Plans
By multi-disciplinary Technical Advisory By multi-disciplinary Technical Advisory
Groups with expert members drawn from Groups with expert members drawn from
within and outside governmentwithin and outside government
Approval by DPCApproval by DPC
Issue of PRI-wise proceedingsIssue of PRI-wise proceedings
STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)STEPS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS (contd..)
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SPECIAL FEATURESSPECIAL FEATURES
Specifications on sectoral allocationsSpecifications on sectoral allocations• 40% for productive sector40% for productive sector• Not more than 20% for infrastructureNot more than 20% for infrastructure
Social justice allocationsSocial justice allocations• 10% for women10% for women• 5% for children, aged and disabled5% for children, aged and disabled
Anti-poverty sub planAnti-poverty sub plan• Local plan on family-based needs by Neighbourhood Local plan on family-based needs by Neighbourhood
Groups of poor women.Groups of poor women.
• Ward level plan for basic minimum needs by Area Ward level plan for basic minimum needs by Area
Development Societies – (ADSs) (federation of NHGs)Development Societies – (ADSs) (federation of NHGs)
• Village Panchayat level plan adding human and Village Panchayat level plan adding human and
economic development proposals by Community economic development proposals by Community
Development Society (CDS) – (a network of ADSs)Development Society (CDS) – (a network of ADSs)
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Asraya for the destitutes (1 ½ to 2% of the Asraya for the destitutes (1 ½ to 2% of the
population)population)
• Criteria based identificationCriteria based identification
• Preparation of plans for each familyPreparation of plans for each family
• Convergence of services and resourcesConvergence of services and resources
SPECIAL FEATURES SPECIAL FEATURES (contd..)(contd..)
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Special Component PlanSpecial Component Plan• Based on survey of every SC habitatBased on survey of every SC habitat
• Involvement of social animators from the communityInvolvement of social animators from the community
Tribal Sub PlanTribal Sub Plan• Hamlet based data baseHamlet based data base
• Full powers to hamlet assemblyFull powers to hamlet assembly
• Involvement of social animators from the communityInvolvement of social animators from the community
Gender PlanGender Plan• Conduct of “Status of Women” studiesConduct of “Status of Women” studies
Plan for special groups – children, aged, disabledPlan for special groups – children, aged, disabled• Conduct of status studiesConduct of status studies
SPECIAL FEATURES SPECIAL FEATURES (contd..)(contd..)
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Sectoral PlansSectoral Plans• HealthHealth• EducationEducation• ICDSICDS• Water SupplyWater Supply• EnergyEnergy• SanitationSanitation
Infrastructure PlansInfrastructure Plans• ConnectivityConnectivity• SportsSports
Asset Management PlansAsset Management Plans• For maintenance of assetsFor maintenance of assets
SPECIAL FEATURES SPECIAL FEATURES (contd..)(contd..)
2525
Governance PlanGovernance Plan• Improving account keeping and office managementImproving account keeping and office management
• Service Delivery PlansService Delivery Planso Human Development ServicesHuman Development Services
Health, Education & Child developmentHealth, Education & Child development o Civic ServicesCivic Services
Water, Sanitation, LightingWater, Sanitation, Lighting
o Welfare ServicesWelfare Services PensionsPensions
• Governance ServicesGovernance Serviceso CertificatesCertificateso LicensesLicenses
SPECIAL FEATURES SPECIAL FEATURES (contd..)(contd..)
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DISTRICT PLANNINGDISTRICT PLANNING
Multi-level, iterative processMulti-level, iterative process
eg. Healtheg. Health
Spatial PlanSpatial Plan• Connectivity networkConnectivity network
• Play groundsPlay grounds
• Service area and utilitiesService area and utilities
• Economic development patternsEconomic development patterns
VisioningVisioning• Consultation right from Village PanchayatsConsultation right from Village Panchayats
Preparation of District Development ReportPreparation of District Development Report
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ApproachApproach• Gap filling for infrastructure and facilitiesGap filling for infrastructure and facilities
• Problem solving in social and service sectorsProblem solving in social and service sectors
• Realising potential in productive sectorsRealising potential in productive sectors
Local freedom within consensual district level Local freedom within consensual district level
approachapproach Expert institutional support for identifying key Expert institutional support for identifying key
issuesissues• R&D institutionsR&D institutions
• Academic institutionsAcademic institutions Universities, Medical Colleges, Technical Institutions Universities, Medical Colleges, Technical Institutions
DISTRICT PLANNING DISTRICT PLANNING (contd..)(contd..)
2828
COMPONENTS OF THE DISTRICT PLANCOMPONENTS OF THE DISTRICT PLAN
Local Plans for Development FundsLocal Plans for Development Funds
Local Plans for CSSLocal Plans for CSS
Plan for Maintenance FundsPlan for Maintenance Funds
Reckoning and positioning of State Plan SchemesReckoning and positioning of State Plan Schemes
Suggestions for future State Plan SchemesSuggestions for future State Plan Schemes
2929
SUPPORT SYSTEMSSUPPORT SYSTEMS
Working GroupWorking Group• Multi-disciplinaryMulti-disciplinary
o Elected leader – ChairpersonElected leader – Chairpersono Official – Convener Official – Convener o BeneficiaryBeneficiaryo ProfessionalProfessionalo ActivistsActivists
• Multiple perspectivesMultiple perspectives““Quin-angulation”Quin-angulation”
3030
Working Group Working Group (contd.)(contd.)
•Draft discussion paper by Convenor Draft discussion paper by Convenor
•Evaluation of experience so farEvaluation of experience so far
•Consultation with stakeholdersConsultation with stakeholders
•Analysis of dataAnalysis of data
•Determination of gaps,shortcomings, problems and Determination of gaps,shortcomings, problems and
potential potential
•Listing of strategic options Listing of strategic options
•Listing of project options and suggesting prioritiesListing of project options and suggesting priorities
•Projectisation after clearance by elected body. Projectisation after clearance by elected body.
SUPPORT SYSTEMS SUPPORT SYSTEMS (contd..)(contd..)
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Technical Advisory GroupTechnical Advisory Group• Multi-disciplinaryMulti-disciplinary• Set up by DPCSet up by DPC• Vetting of PlansVetting of Plans
District Planning CommitteesDistrict Planning Committees• District Panchayat President is head District Collector as District Panchayat President is head District Collector as
Member Secretary and respected expert is government Member Secretary and respected expert is government nominee. All district level officers are Joint Secretaries. nominee. All district level officers are Joint Secretaries.
• Technical Secretariat consisting of Planning, Statistical Technical Secretariat consisting of Planning, Statistical and Town & Country Planning Departmentsand Town & Country Planning Departments
• Plan Coordination group under nominated expert Plan Coordination group under nominated expert membermember
• Sectoral Resource GroupsSectoral Resource Groups• Resource Team for preparation of Development reportResource Team for preparation of Development report• Technical Advisory Groups for vetting of plans.Technical Advisory Groups for vetting of plans.
SUPPORT SYSTEMS SUPPORT SYSTEMS (contd..)(contd..)
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District Planning Committee District Planning Committee Preparation of position papers especially on Local Economic Preparation of position papers especially on Local Economic
Development, Special Component Plan, Tribal Sub Plan, Development, Special Component Plan, Tribal Sub Plan, Health and EducationHealth and Education
Facilitating integration and convergenceFacilitating integration and convergence
• Integration of servicesIntegration of services• Integration of resources Integration of resources
Decentralized planDecentralized planCredit planCredit planPeople’s planPeople’s plan
• Sectoral integrationSectoral integration• Cross-sectoral integrationCross-sectoral integration• Horizontal integrationHorizontal integration• Vertical IntegrationVertical Integration• Spatial integrationSpatial integration
SUPPORT SYSTEMS SUPPORT SYSTEMS (contd..)(contd..)
3333
Co-ordinators at Block and District levelsCo-ordinators at Block and District levels Coordination CommitteeCoordination Committee
• Headed by M (LSG) with M(Fin), Principal Secretary Headed by M (LSG) with M(Fin), Principal Secretary (LSG), Principal Secretary (Fin), Secretary (Plg.) and (LSG), Principal Secretary (Fin), Secretary (Plg.) and key HODs as members for fast track online key HODs as members for fast track online response and trouble shootingresponse and trouble shooting
State level Guidance CellState level Guidance Cell Local Government Associations Local Government Associations
• For policy consultationFor policy consultation
• For collective actionFor collective action
SUPPORT SYSTEMS SUPPORT SYSTEMS (contd..)(contd..)
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Independent InstitutionsIndependent Institutions• S E CS E C
o including power to disqualify for non-convening of including power to disqualify for non-convening of two successive Grama Sabhastwo successive Grama Sabhas
• S F CS F Co even Third SFC’s award accepted and implemented even Third SFC’s award accepted and implemented
from 1-4-2006from 1-4-2006• OmbudsmanOmbudsman
o for complaints related to malfeasancefor complaints related to malfeasance• Appellate TribunalAppellate Tribunal
o for regulatory appealsfor regulatory appeals• SDCSDC
o a forum like NDCa forum like NDC• Audit CommissionAudit Commission
o to be set upto be set up
SUPPORT SYSTEMS SUPPORT SYSTEMS (contd..)(contd..)
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CAPACITY BUILDINGCAPACITY BUILDING
Detailed plan guidelinesDetailed plan guidelines Direct explanation to elected heads and key Direct explanation to elected heads and key
officials by Minister, Principal Secretary and officials by Minister, Principal Secretary and
Planning Board MembersPlanning Board Members Freedom to access capacityFreedom to access capacity
• From non-government experts and civil society From non-government experts and civil society
activistsactivists
• From institutionsFrom institutions
• From accredited NGOsFrom accredited NGOs
3636
Key role of KILAKey role of KILA• District outreach centresDistrict outreach centres• Trainers on call in all districtsTrainers on call in all districts• Training Advisory Council under DPCTraining Advisory Council under DPC• Training as per clear action planTraining as per clear action plan• Handbooks on all development sectorsHandbooks on all development sectors• Design of Plan formats Design of Plan formats • Help deskHelp desk• Tool kitsTool kits
o Preparation of working group reportsPreparation of working group reportso Conduct of Grama SabhasConduct of Grama Sabhaso Conduct of Development SeminarConduct of Development Seminaro Preparation of development reportPreparation of development reporto Preparation of district planPreparation of district plan
CAPACITY BUILDING CAPACITY BUILDING (contd..)(contd..)
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ROLE OF SHG NETWORK IN DECENTRALIZATIONROLE OF SHG NETWORK IN DECENTRALIZATION
Provides participation in Grama Sabhas and protects interests Provides participation in Grama Sabhas and protects interests of the poorof the poor
Facilitates participatory planning of Anti Poverty programmesFacilitates participatory planning of Anti Poverty programmes Serves as an extension mechanismServes as an extension mechanism Facilitates improved access to public servicesFacilitates improved access to public services Allows community contractingAllows community contracting Enhances capabilities for accessing economic development Enhances capabilities for accessing economic development
opportunitiesopportunities Enables community based monitoring Enables community based monitoring Contributes to local government leadershipContributes to local government leadership
IF CONSCIOUSLY STRUCTURED SHGS OF THE POOR CAN FURTHER DEMOCRATISE IF CONSCIOUSLY STRUCTURED SHGS OF THE POOR CAN FURTHER DEMOCRATISE
DECENTRALISATION AND STRENGTHEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS INSTEAD OF DECENTRALISATION AND STRENGTHEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS INSTEAD OF
WEAKENING THEM AS PARALLEL BODIES.WEAKENING THEM AS PARALLEL BODIES.
3838
ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCEASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE Equitable flow of funds to all regionsEquitable flow of funds to all regions Pro-poor expenditurePro-poor expenditure
• Impressive creation of minimum needs infrastructureImpressive creation of minimum needs infrastructure Substantial improvement in public service infrastructureSubstantial improvement in public service infrastructure
• Anganwadis, Schools, HospitalsAnganwadis, Schools, Hospitals
But management of professionals needs to improveBut management of professionals needs to improve
Good practices in most development sectorsGood practices in most development sectors
Impressive mobilisation of contribution from the communityImpressive mobilisation of contribution from the community
• Free surrender of landFree surrender of land
• Cost sharing (10% for water supply and irrigation)Cost sharing (10% for water supply and irrigation)
• Full responsibility of O & MFull responsibility of O & M
but tax collection not impressivebut tax collection not impressive
Enhanced public participationEnhanced public participation
but participation of better off people quite weakbut participation of better off people quite weak
3939
Improved targettingImproved targetting
• yet the destitutes did not gain proportionatelyyet the destitutes did not gain proportionately Improved capacity of elected leadersImproved capacity of elected leaders
• but official capacity still weakbut official capacity still weak Enhanced transparencyEnhanced transparency
• but corruption still prevalent though at reduced levelsbut corruption still prevalent though at reduced levels Good response to developmental needsGood response to developmental needs
• but thin spread of resourcesbut thin spread of resources Delay in setting up appropriate support systemsDelay in setting up appropriate support systems
• Public Works executionPublic Works execution
• ProcurementProcurement
• Accounting and reportingAccounting and reporting
• MonitoringMonitoring
ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE (contd..)(contd..)
4040
LESSONS FROM KERALA EXPERIENCELESSONS FROM KERALA EXPERIENCE
Rapid decentralization has several advantagesRapid decentralization has several advantages
• Speed of the operation diminishes oppositionSpeed of the operation diminishes opposition
• Once given responsibilities Local Governments are forced to Once given responsibilities Local Governments are forced to
performperform
• Pressure on Government to ensure that decentralization Pressure on Government to ensure that decentralization
succeedssucceeds Decentralization is not a one-off actionDecentralization is not a one-off action
• Requires continuous effort by GovernmentRequires continuous effort by Government Need for transferring untied resources in a fair, transparent and Need for transferring untied resources in a fair, transparent and
equitable mannerequitable manner Lessons related to planningLessons related to planning
• To start with, plans emerging out of negotiated priorities and To start with, plans emerging out of negotiated priorities and
then to data-based analysisthen to data-based analysis
4141
Lessons related to planning Lessons related to planning (contd..)(contd..)
• Plan for assured resourcesPlan for assured resources
• Development Reports and Vision Documents are usefulDevelopment Reports and Vision Documents are useful
• Go in for Local Governments’ plans consolidated into District Plans – Go in for Local Governments’ plans consolidated into District Plans –
mechanically in the beginning then organically on gaining experience mechanically in the beginning then organically on gaining experience
and finally to District Planningand finally to District Planning
• Multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder teams can assist in plan Multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder teams can assist in plan
preparationpreparation
• Give representation to Village and Intermediate Panchayats in DPCs as Give representation to Village and Intermediate Panchayats in DPCs as
inviteesinvitees
• President of District Panchayat as head of DPC, expert as Government President of District Panchayat as head of DPC, expert as Government
nominee, District Collector as Member Secretary and District-level nominee, District Collector as Member Secretary and District-level
officer as Joint Secretary – a viable combinationofficer as Joint Secretary – a viable combination
• Move from annual plans to five year plansMove from annual plans to five year plans
LESSONS FROM KERALA EXPERIENCE LESSONS FROM KERALA EXPERIENCE (Contd..)(Contd..)
4242
THANK THANK YOU YOU