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Transcript of S.M.S. “CARDARELLI” 2003/2004 The Olympics in Ancient Greece Comenius Project “Olympism and...
S.M.S. “CARDARELLI”
2003/2004 The Olympics
in Ancient Greece
Comenius Project“Olympism and Education
in the field of sport”
EXIT
The Olympics in Ancient GreeceThe Olympics in Ancient Greece
The Greeks and The Olympic spirit
The origins of the Olympic Games
The rules of the Games
The programme of the Games
The Greeks: different but similar
Even if the Greeks were divided into groups: the Dorians, the Ionians, the Aeolians and splitted in a lot of poleis (city-states) they had a strong sense of
unity in religion, customs and language.
And wherever they lived the Greeks claimed the
right to take part in the Olympic Games.
The Olympic Games
The Olympic Games were the greatest national festival for the Athenians. Held every
four years athletes came from all regions of Greece to compete in the great Stadium of
Olympia and honour their god, Zeus.
O l y m p i a In the closed and sacred rectangular complex there was plenty of space for
practising sports- the Gymnasium and the Stadium -as well as rooms for religious
ceremonies and for keeping the sacred fire of the Olympics.
The Gymnasium, a closed rectangular building with a large yard ,where the athletes practised events such as the
javelin, the discus etc.
.
The Stadium
Dates from the early 5th century B.C. The track has a length of 212,54m
and a width of 28,50m. The stadium held 45000 spectators. The
spectators, sitting on the stands or steps of the stadium, shouted and
cheered the athletes
The Olympic spirit
Ancient athletes competed as individuals and glory achieved in sport was not different from
the one achieved in battles.
The athletes were not interested in breaking records but only to win the game and
honour their city.
776 B.C. The year 776 B.C. was the year of the
first Olympic games and, at the same time, the beginnig year of the Greek calendar. Time was divided into Olympiads,
years, months and days. An Olympiad was a period of four
hellenic years.
Omero The first sports reporter.
In the epic poem, the Iliad,
Homer describes the funeral Games held by Achilles in Honour of his late friend Patroclus.
In the Odyssey Homer
tells about the games held
by Feaci in honour of Ulisse.
Among the sports: discus throwing,, wrestling, the foot race
The Rules of the Games Only males of greek origin
could participate in the Olympics. According to the
Olympic rules, women, slaves, no-greeks, were
excluded. In addition, any man who had committed a
crime or stolen from a temple was banned from
participation. Married women could not enter the olympic
stadium or attend the games.
The Ancient Games
The ancient Games were held every four years (an Olympiad) for almost 1200 years until 393
A.D. when Roman Emperor Theodosius banned all pagan festivals (the Olympics
celebrated the Greek God Zeus).
The Athletes
One month before the official opening of the games, the judges
checked the character and the sporting capabilities of the
athletes who wished to participate, selecting only those
who really deserved to compete.
The duration of the Games
The games lasted five days: the first day was devoted to make sacrifices to gods.
On the second day the boys games were held, while on the third and the fourth day the adults games took place. The fifth day
was the day of the proclamation of the winners.
The PrizeAt the conclusion of the Games, the winners were crowned with simple olive wreaths (crown of wild olive).
Naked AthletesThe athletes performed naked during the competitions. The Greeks were not ashamed to show their bodies, the beauty of the naked body was considered to reflect internal beauty and the harmonius balance between body and mind. Their bodies were used as models by sculptors and painters who drew inspiration for their works directly from the athletes and their
movements.
FOOT RACES There were different types of races:
-The “Stade” which consisted of one lenght of the stadium
-The “Diaulos”, two lenghts or double stadium
-The “Dolichos”, a long distance race (from 7 to 24 lenghts)
The competitors ran in a straight line and not around the stadium as they do today.
THROWING EVENTS
The discus and the javelin throwing events were very similar to today’s ones. The discus was made of stone
or bronze. The javelin was a wooden stick with a pointed end, it
was one meter and a half long.
BOXINGIt was one of the most violent
competitions in which two boxers, wearing wrapped strips of leather on their arms, faced each other until one of them was knocked
out.
WRESTLING
A kind of fighting sport in which two people fought by holding each other , trying to make
each other fall to the ground.
Chariot races were spectacular and very popular with the public. Only the wealthy could practise it
as the horse-breeding was very expensive. The drivers , called charioteers, rode the lenght of the
hippodrome for seven or eight times.
CHARIOT RACING
PENTATHLON
It was the most important of the competitions where an athlete competed in five different events: Running - Wrestling - Jumping -Discus throwing - Javelin throwing