SMR: Indonesia: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management ...

Environmental and Social Safeguard Monitoring Report Quarterly Report August 2011

INO: Loan 2500-2501- Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Program Project 1 Prepared by Project Coordination Management Unit, Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum, Ministry of Public Works for the Directorate General of Water Resources Ministry of Public Works Republic of Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank.

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Indonesia ends on 31 December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31 December 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental and social safeguard monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Ministry of Public Works

Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum Indonesia

Program Management Support Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management Investment Program

Report on Implementation of Social and Environmental Safeguards

August 2011

In association with

PT Tata Guna Patria PT Tri Tunggal

Pratiyaksa

Egis International Document quality information

Page i Program Management Support

Document quality information

General information

Author(s)

Project name Program Management Support

Document name Report on Implementation of Social and Environmental Safeguards

Date August 2011

Reference

Disribution

Sent to: Name Organisation Sent on (date):

Hendra Ahyadi, ST.,MT. Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen Perencanaan dan Program, Satuan Kerja Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum

August 2011

History of modifications

Version Date Written by Approved & signed by: 1 21-08-2011 Social and Environmental

Safeguards Special and Team Leader

Egis International Contents

Page ii Program Management Support

Contents

1. Introduction............................................................................................. 1 1.1. Rationale ........................................................................................................1 1.2. Citarum River Basin .......................................................................................1 1.3. Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program .....1 1.4. Program Management Support ......................................................................2

2. Components of ICWRMIP ...................................................................... 2 3. Need for Social and Environmental Safeguards ................................. 3

3.1. General ..........................................................................................................3 3.2. Social and Environmental Safeguards Requirements of ADB .......................4

4. Key Social and Environmental Issues.................................................. 4 4.1. Resettlement Issues.......................................................................................4

4.1.1. Gaps in Indonesian Laws and Comparison with ADB Policies.........................5 4.1.2. Sub-component 2.1: Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal................................5

4.2. Environmental Issues.....................................................................................6 4.2.1. General .............................................................................................................6 4.2.2. Subcomponent 2.1: Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal.................................7 4.2.3. Sub-Component 2.2: Improved Land and Water Management .......................9 4.2.4. Sub-Component 2.3: Support for Community and NGO-Driven Initiatives

for Improved Water Supply and Sanitation .....................................................10 5. Progress to Date ................................................................................... 10

5.1. General ........................................................................................................10 5.2. Social Safeguards ........................................................................................11 5.3. Environmental Safeguards ...........................................................................11

6. Plan for Social and Environmental Safeguards Implementation ..... 11 Attachment 1: Citarum Baseline Environmental Assessment (2007) Attachment 2: Consolidated Social and Environmental Safeguards Plan Attachment 3: Recommendations for Gender Safeguards Implementation

Egis International Abbreviations

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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AH affected household AP affected person CRB Citarum River Basin DGWR Directorate-General of Water Resources GEF Global Environment Facility GOI Government of Indonesia ICWRMIP Integrated Citarum Water Resource Management Investment Program IEA initial environmental assessment MPW Ministry of Public works NGO non-government organisation PCMU Program Coordination and Management Unit PIU Project Implementation Unit PPTA project preparatory technical assistance ROW right-of-way RP resettlement plan SRI System of Rice Intensification TA technical assistance TOR terms of reference WTC West Tarum Canal

List of Tables

Table 1: Subcomponents ..............................................................................................................2

List of Figures

Figure 1: Water Quality Problem Tree .........................................................................................6 Figure 2: Pollution in the Upper Citarum Basin ............................................................................7 Figure 3: Typical Cross Section for WTC Rehabilitation ..............................................................8 Figure 4: Helicopters on West Tarum Canal ................................................................................8 Figure 5: Cows to produce organic fertiliser for SRI ....................................................................9 Figure 6: SRI paddy fields..........................................................................................................10

Egis International Report on Implementation of Social and Environmental Safeguards

1 Program Management Support

1. Introduction

1.1. Rationale This report has been prepared to provide a general overview of the environmental and social safeguards to be put in place for Project 1 of the Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program (ICWRMIP). The preparation of the report is part of the terms of reference (TOR) for the Program Management Support team and is a milestone for the project.

1.2. Citarum River Basin The Citarum River Basin (CRB) is located mainly in the province of West Java, and covers a total of about 13,000 km2. It consists of a cluster of river basins consisting of: (i) the 6,600 km2 Citarum River hydrological basin itself that lies in the central part of the program area and flows from south to north into the Java Sea; (ii) the 4,400 km2 group of small basins whose drainage areas are connected to the Citarum river system through the East Tarum Canal (Ciherang, Cilamaya, Ciasem, Cipunegara and Cipancuh Rivers); and (iii) the Cikarang and Bekasi rivers, with a combined drainage area of 2,000 km2, which are also connected with the Citarum River via the West Tarum Canal (WTC). The CRB lies immediately to the east of the Jabodetabek conurbation.

1.3. Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program The ICWRMIP is a 15-year, multi-sectoral project with a total cost of around $1 billion, with $500 million to be provided as an Asian Development Bank (ADB) loan to the Government of Indonesia (GOI). It is planned to use these funds in four (or perhaps more) tranches. The loan was approved on 4 December 2008. The program consists of a large number of component projects (subcomponents) in different sectors - all related to water and environmental management - with many inter-relationships among them.

The first tranche of the loan (also designated as Project 1) has been designed to undertake priority interventions for basin management in the Citarum River Basin. In all there are eight subcomponents of Project 1 and these are described below. Additionally, there are ten further subcomponents that are funded by grants provided by ADB and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). However, these grant-funded subcomponents are outside the scope of the coordinating, monitoring and reporting responsibilities of this project.

The eight loan-funded subcomponents cover five separate ministries, namely Public Works, Health, Agriculture, Environment and Bappenas. The Directorate-General of Water Resources (DGWR) of the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) is the Executing Agency for the program. Each ministry has established one or more Project Implementation Units (PIU) to manage their particular subcomponent(s). In addition, a Program Coordination and Management Unit (PCMU) has been established in the Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Citarum (the Citarum River Basin Management Organisation), that is part of the Ministry of Public Works. The PCMU has a role in coordinating and managing this complex program, and has the responsibility to provide consolidated reports for all subcomponents to the Executing Agency, ADB and Bappenas. The Egis International consulting team provides ongoing support to the PCMU.



1.4. Program Management Support While the PIUs are directly responsible for ensuring that all appropriate social and environ-mental safeguards are planned and implemented for their particular project (subcomponent), the consultant team plays a support and oversight role, including: Dissemination of safeguards frameworks, plans and guidelines (environmental and social) to

PIUs and ensure understanding of safeguards requirements by PIU personnel; Monitoring social and environmental activities related to agreed safeguard frameworks, plans

and guidelines; Providing advice and oversight for the implementation of safeguard policies and specifically

Resettlement Plans and IEEs/EIAs in a timely manner; Ensuring full disclosure to stakeholders of documents and other information related to

environmental and social safeguard frameworks.

A Social and Environmental Safeguards Specialist has been mobilised to the project team to take the lead in these activities.

2. Components of ICWRMIP There are eight loan-funded subcomponents in Project 1. These are briefly described in Table 1. The key social and environmental issues associated with each component (where applicable) and plans to address these issues are described in later sections.

Table 1: Subcomponents

No. Subcomponent Title Main Activities

1.1 Roadmap Management Strategic development and implementation of the Citarum IWRM Roadmap

Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant stakeholders

Identification and development of investment opportunities (including private sector) for Roadmap implementation

Roadmap development and implementation of a media communication plan

2.1 Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal

Resettlement planning and implementation Detailed investigations Detailed engineering design Tendering and procurement for construction Construction of improvement works

2.2 Improved Soil and Water Management

Promote the adoption of improved agricultural practices (SRI) for paddy rice, to increase rice yield and reduce water use

Monitor and report of impacts of SRI on production and water use

2.3 Support for Community and CSO Driven Initiatives for Improved Water Supply and Sanitation

Developing improved facilities for local water supply and sanitation by mobilising the resources of the community

Focuses on villages along West Tarum Canal



No. Subcomponent Title Main Activities

2.6 Detailed Engineering Design for Upgrading Bandung Water Sources

Resettlement planning and implementation Detailed investigations Detailed engineering design Tendering and procurement for construction To be undertaken following completion of a feasibility study,

which will be funded as a PPTA (grant)

4.1 Development of a River Quality Improvement Strategy and Action Plans for the Basin

Preparation of basin-wide River Quality Improvement Strategy

Preparation of area-based pollution sources management action plans

Improvements to water quality monitoring Water quality database development

8.1 Program Management Support

Development of information systems for monitoring and data exchange

Liaison with executing agencies and other relevant stakeholders and coordination among component projects

Monitoring and reporting of project performance Capacity building for PCMU and PIU personnel

8.2 Independent Monitoring and Evaluation

Development and implementation of a Roadmap Performance Management System

3. Need for Social and Environmental Safeguards

3.1. General Social safeguards, in the context of this report, include those for: involuntary resettlement; indigenous peoples; and gender. The main environmental safeguards include those for: land degradation, biodiversity and habitat; air quality; and water quality.

The objectives of social and environmental safeguards are to: (i) avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people where possible; (ii) minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible; and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks.

All safeguard policies should involve a structured process of impact assessment, planning, and mitigation to address the adverse effects of projects throughout the entire project cycle and minimise long term impact “legacies” into the future. The safeguard policies require that: (i) impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle; (ii) plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented; and (iii) affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.

There is a need to maximise the integration of environmental and social safeguards at local and (in the case of the ICWRMIP) basin level, for a stronger focus on sustainable development and desired outcomes of project interventions.



3.2. Social and Environmental Safeguards Requirements of ADB Under the Loan Agreement, as specified in the Program Administration Memorandum, GOI will ensure that (i) all projects financed under the Investment Program are carried out in full compliance with: All applicable laws and regulations of the Government; ADB’s safeguard policies, including the policies on involuntary resettlement, the

environment, and indigenous peoples; The Gender Action Plan; The Resettlement Framework; The Environmental Management Plan; The Environmental Assessment and Review Framework.

These are to be used to guide: (i) project preparation and implementation; and (ii) resettlement plans, initial environmental examination reports, environmental impact assessments, and environmental management plans.

For each subcomponent of the IP requiring resettlement, such resettlement is to be carried out in accordance with a specific Resettlement Plan (RP) prepared by the PIU for that component. The RPs must be based on and comply with the principles laid down in the approved Resettlement Framework.

Throughout the investment program implementation period, the Government will ensure that sufficient funds are made available as and when necessary for the efficient and timely implementation of resettlement and environmental safeguard activities. Quarterly project implementation reporting shall include implementation progress of the (i) environmental management plans and measures taken under the initial environmental examination (IEA) and environmental monitoring carried out as a regular part of project implementation and (ii) resettlement monitoring as detailed in the resettlement plan. These safeguard reports shall be disclosed in accordance with ADB’s Public Communication Policy (2005).

4. Key Social and Environmental Issues

4.1. Resettlement Issues The following resettlement effects have been identified and will be addressed accordingly as per this RF during the system improvement of the WTC, and other Project subprojects and components: (i) use of the shoulder of the inspection road for the temporary stock-piling of re-usable dredged materials; (ii) loss of use of areas of the ex-river beds which farmers have made productive over the years with the planned dumping of spoils thereat; (iii) acquisition of a number of structures on the embankments and which are concentrated at bridges and road crossings, including platforms on stilts above the water and which are used for toilet, bath, and laundry; (iv) disruption or loss of income from shops, canal crossing boats/ferries, and other businesses; (v) possible disruption, if not total cutting-off, of the water supply of individual households that tap water directly from the canals with the use of rubber hoses; and (vi) possible restricted access to communal resources for protected area management of the watershed for biodiversity. An RP update will prepare for the WTC.

RF applies to all other subprojects and components, including the Protected Area Management for Biodiversity component of Tranche 1 that may involve restricted access to resources, and the community-driven initiatives for improved water supply and sanitation under Tranche 1.



4.1.1. Gaps in Indonesian Laws and Comparison with ADB Policies The main limitation of Presidential Decree No. 65/2006, the applicable provisions of Presidential Decree No. 36/2005 and Presidential Decree No. 55/1993, including their enabling decrees, such as the Regulation of the State Minister of Agrarian Affairs and National Land Agency No. 1 of 1994, lies on the fact that they have not been conceived and planned to address a multi-faceted social phenomenon known as involuntary resettlement. Said laws are concerned, more than anything else, with acquiring in the most expeditious way properties needed for the right-of-way (ROW) of government projects. But as explained at length in earlier sections, acquisition and/or clearing of project ROW may involve displacement of people from both material and non-material assets. These people, most of whom are already poor to begin with, are at risk of further impoverishment in the form of landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, economic marginalization, increased morbidity and mortality, food insecurity, loss of access to common property, and disintegration of community and social ties and organizations. Certainly, existing laws and policies on land acquisition cannot address these risks.

4.1.2. Sub-component 2.1: Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal For each component of the Investment Program requiring resettlement, such resettlement will be carried out in accordance with a specific Resettlement Plan prepared by the PIU for that component. The RPs must be based on and comply with the principles laid down in the approved Resettlement Framework for the IP. Each resettlement plan is: (i) to be prepared based on the detailed feasibility studies (detail designs during implementation may require updating of RP) or detailed designs; (ii) to include complete information on full census, final asset inventory and valuation, and final budget; (iii) to be made available to the affected people in draft and final forms, including information on measurement of losses, detailed asset valuation, entitlements and special provisions, grievance procedures, timing for payment, and displacement schedule; and (iv) to be approved by ADB prior to notice to proceed for civil works contractors. Affected people will be provided certain resettlement entitlements such as land and asset compensation and transfer allowances, prior to their displacement, dispossession, or restricted access.

Moreover, there are associated social issues that need to be addressed in the system improvement of the canal. These issues revolve around health and sanitation in the locality and these are rooted to poverty. While for instance owners of toilet and washing facilities in the canals will be compensated at replacement cost for these structures, these AHs and their communities also need to be provided with alternative facilities that are hygienic and that will last. The AHs cannot be allowed to rebuild their temporary toilet facilities in the waterway following completion of civil works in the canals; it is not just the health of these AHs that is at risk but also those of water users in Jakarta. Another health issue that requires a sustainable alternative with the clearing of the canals of obstructions concerns the need to provide communities adjacent to the embankments with safe household water. Water hoses connected to individual houses abound in the entire stretch of the canal. The third health-related issue concerns the risk of sexually-transmitted diseases (for example, HIV/AIDS) spreading during rehabilitation works.

Water supply and sanitation will be improved under the Project component Support for Community-and NGO-Driven Initiatives for Improved Water Supply and Sanitation; sites for small land needs for this will be minimal and decided by the communities. For the WTC, this is covered under the WTC RP. For example, water supply access, and use of platforms for washing and toilet will have to be discontinued because of the canal rehabilitation works.



4.2. Environmental Issues

4.2.1. General The Strategic Environmental Assessment carried out in Phase 3 of TA4381-INO identified a wide range of environmental issues for the CRB as a whole. An extract from that report that provides the detail is included as Attachment 1. In summary, the environmental main issues are: Water availability/scarcity Groundwater exploitation Erosion and sedimentation Flooding and water-related disasters Water pollution Threats to ecology Weak policies and institutions

The ICWRMIP includes interventions that address most of the above issues.

The Strategic Environmental Assessment also did a more detailed analysis of water quality problems in the CRB, since water quality is arguably the most pressing issue for water management in the basin. This analysis is presented as a “problem tree” as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Water Quality Problem Tree

Developed as part of the Strategic Environmental Assessment carried out in Phase 3 of TA4381-INO



It can be seen that there are multiple causes of the water supply and water quality degradation in the CRB. Also many of the causes and impacts are inter-related – there is not a simple connection between a single cause and its effect.

In the Upper Citarum Basin particularly, pollution of waterways, caused by lack of wastewater treatment, poor solid waste management, and degraded catchments, is a major issue, as illustrated by Figure 2.

Figure 2: Pollution in the Upper Citarum Basin

Courtesy: Ng Swan Ti

4.2.2. Subcomponent 2.1: Rehabilitation of West Tarum Canal The feasibility study for the WTC project showed that the rehabilitation of the canal would not require widening of the existing width of the canal, although some change in cross-section is required along some sections (see Figure 3). System improvement of the canals will mainly require dredging and removal of silt, and the rehabilitation of ancillary structures (that is, flumes that double as canal crossings for people, sluice gates, etc). However, a number of fixed structures, such as houses and shops, are found along the inner slope of the canal embankments. These will have to be removed. Additionally, wooden and bamboo platforms used for toilet, bath and for laundry (known as “helicopters”) abound on or above the water surface of the canals (see Figure 4). These too have to be removed. Such removal will generate a social problem in itself, so Subcomponent 2.3 aims to provide alternative sanitation facilities for communities that presently depend on the helicopters.



Figure 3: Typical Cross Section for WTC Rehabilitation

Figure 4: Helicopters on West Tarum Canal

Courtesy: Steve Griffiths

With regard to the dredging and removal of silt, an estimated 1.7 million m3 of silt and earth will be removed from the WTC. Disposal of these dredged materials is, however, a potential resettlement issue, as re-usable dredged earth will need to be stockpiled on the embankments of the canals as a temporary staging area, and disposal sites for non-reusable soils may require removal of existing buildings.

Dredging spoils must be dewatered before moving to allow the foul smell to subside and so that these are dry enough to be transported to the spoil banks without excessive spilling on roads.



Using dredging spoil as a resource should be considered. If suitable, coarse sediments could be used as base material for improving inspection roads in the irrigation service areas. Disposal sites along roads should have adequate drainage to prevent runoff from sediment piles from contaminating any nearby household wells.

Odour from dredged anaerobic sediment is to be expected. Although the smell usually subsides within a few days of exposure to air, residents in the immediate vicinity of the dredging should be informed and assured that the foul smell is temporary.

Affected communities should be informed of the disruptions to be expected and their duration, and contractor should be required to prepare spoil disposal and nuisance minimisation plans.

4.2.3. Sub-Component 2.2: Improved Land and Water Management Adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been accelerated in several areas of the CRB as a result of this project. About 3,000 ha of paddy land in three districts will improve water management practices leading to increased yields and reduced water consumption.

Alternatives to exclusive chemical pest/weed control should be promoted, for example, integrated pest management (IPM). The latter is essentially a strategy of more than one method of pest control, with chemical control (pesticides) resorted to only as a last resort and based on economic thresholds.

IPM should be combined with SRI. Both are knowledge-based practices. Requirements for effective SRI-IPM are site-specific. The mode of extending the technology to farmers must be carefully planned.

Figure 5: Cows to produce organic fertiliser for SRI

Courtesy: Euis Masripah



Figure 6: SRI paddy fields

Courtesy: Euis Masripah

4.2.4. Sub-Component 2.3: Support for Community and NGO-Driven Initiatives for Improved Water Supply and Sanitation

Environmental risks are likely to be associated primarily with the community water supply activities. The water supply component will provide grants for communities to plan, build and manage water supply systems based on a menu of possible technical options. However, since the scale of most sub-projects is expected to be small, no major adverse impacts are expected. In addition, the finalized list of technical options will not include options that are known to lead to significant residual environmental impacts or to place a substantial environmental management responsibility on local communities during the operational phase. For example, part of the process of site selection for water supply schemes will include water quality testing to ensure that potential sources meet Government of Indonesia ‘clean water’ standards.

Adequate measures for community information and involvement in water supply and sanitation planning should be provided. Septic tanks should have sealed bottoms and should not be constructed closer than 10m from wells and creeks used for water supply.

Stakeholder forums should be established to address community water supply and sanitation issues and communities along the WTC.

5. Progress to Date

5.1. General All subcomponents of the ICWRMIP are running behind schedule at the present time. This has been mainly due to delays in procurement of consultants and project startup. Accordingly, at the time of writing this report, a number of the subcomponent PIUs have not prepared proper safeguards plans.



5.2. Social Safeguards Progress on the resettlement safeguards for Subcomponent 2.1, which is where the major resettlement issues will certainly occur, is going forward. The key task at the time of writing this report was the updating of the Resettlement Plan. This is being carried out under a subcontract under the main contract with the Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC). The consultants for the RP updating have already been mobilised and work has commenced.

However, it is an ADB requirement that an external monitoring agency (EMA) should be engaged to oversee both the updated of the RP and its implementation. The organisation to take the role of EMA is to be procured as a subcontract under the Subcomponent 8.1 (Egis International) contract. Funds for this purpose were not originally allocated in the contract, so a contract amendment has been submitted that includes a provision sum to allow Egis Inter-national to procure the EMA. Unfortunately, signing of the contract amendment has yet to be completed, so the procurement cannot be finalised, even though prospective organisations have been evaluated in terms of their suitability. Hopefully, procurement will be completed by the end of September 2011.

5.3. Environmental Safeguards The only subcomponent that is at the stage of preparing environmental safeguards is again Subcomponent 2.1. In this case an AMDAL (an environmental assessment required under Indonesian law) needs to be prepared, then submitted for approval. At the time of writing this report, preparations were being made for the procurement of consultants (again by subcontract under the main KRC contract) to do this work. Under Indonesia law, the AMDAL preparation must be undertaken under the direction of an environmental specialist that has appropriate certification by the Ministry of Envronment.

6. Plan for Social and Environmental Safeguards Implementation Based on information provided by the various PIUs for each subcomponent, a plan for implementation of social and environmental safeguards has been prepared, and is shown in Attachment 2.

Some more specific recommendations for implementing gender safeguards was prepared during the bridging TA and most of the guidelines contained therein are still relevant. Therefore, for reference purposes, these are given (with some modification) in Attachment 3.


Program Management Support

ATTACHMENT 1: Citarum Baseline Environmental Assessment (2007) [prepared under TA7189-INO Phase 3]

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 1. The environment and water quality-related problems in the Citarum River Basin are relatively well known and documented. Over the years, numerous studies have examined these problems. Although given the nature of most of the past project-oriented studies, past problem assessments tended to lack the comprehensiveness. 2. A listing of reports describing the situation in the basin is presented in the bibliography compiled for the SEA. The key problems affecting the river basin, derived from references, initial site visits and stakeholder meetings are summarized below: A. Water Availability/Scarcity 3. Average annual demand from the Jatiluhur reservoir has increased from 140 m3/sec in 1996 to156 m3/sec in 2004. In 1996, the Jatiluhur system supplied adequate water releases for irrigation and domestic/industrial supply (through the West, North and East Tarum Canals). However, in 2001, the system failed to meet water needs for 1.5 months during the dry season, and in 2005, it failed to meet water needs for 5 months. 4. Inflow into the Saguling reservoir has been decreasing. Between 1986 and 1991, dry season flow into the Saguling reservoir was 38% of the average annual flow. This percentage went down to 36% between 1992 and 1997, and declined further to 34% starting in 1998. Watershed degradation is seen as the principal cause. Denuded catchments have reduced capacity to capture rainwater, resulting in high peak flows during the rainy months. In turn, the lower water retention capacity reduces the amount of water available for release as “base flow” during the summer months. 5. It is not certain to what extent water scarcity at the source (catchment areas and reservoir storage) is the real problem. One view is that, even if reservoir storage volumes and releases are adequate, the poor condition of the water distribution system results in a lot of water being lost or wasted, thereby failing to meet water needs at the users’ end. This is particularly true for the lower basin area. The PPTA report indicates that hydraulic control structures in the lower basin are defective or are malfunctioning due to lack of maintenance. Nonetheless, continued watershed degradation combined with increasing water demands for agriculture, industry and drinking water are bound to create water scarcity problems in the coming years. 6. In the Bandung area, however, the effects of water scarcity are already widely felt. Most of the water supply for households and industry there currently come from groundwater, which is already overused. Indeed, much of the criticism directed at the earlier PPTA recommendations had to do with the perceived lack of attention to the water supply concerns of Bandung. Groundwater extraction is excessive and unsustainable. There are few river catchments upstream that are suitable for reservoir development. It is thought that the long term solution lies in tapping the existing Saguling reservoir, if pollution problems can be addressed. Tapping the Saguling will require a watershed-wide intervention to arrest pollution, undesirable hydrologic regimes and excessive sediment loading. B. Groundwater Exploitation 7. Surface water provides only for part of the basin’s water needs. A considerable portion of the region’s water demand, in particular that of Jakarta and Bandung, is supplied by groundwater. The rate of groundwater extraction is believed to be considerably under-estimated, since a large portion of the extraction activities are not registered. Actual abstraction is believed to be at least 3 times the quantity reflected in official records.

8. As early as 1997, a JICA study had estimated groundwater abstraction in DKI Jakarta to be around 8 m3/sec. This is about half of the surface water supplied to the metropolitan area by the West Tarum Canal. As reported in the JICA study, domestic use accounted for almost 90% of total groundwater abstraction in Jakarta. As a result, groundwater is thought to have exceeded sustainable levels. In both Jakarta and Bandung, over-exploitation of groundwater is reported to have caused land subsidence. In turn, this has caused structural damage to some buildings and, more significantly, exacerbated local drainage and flooding problems. 9. In Bandung, an estimated 90% of the population, and 98% of the industries, rely on groundwater. Modeling studies done in 2002 suggest that recorded groundwater extraction is only about one-third of the actual amount. The lowering of the groundwater level is reportedly up to 5 meters per year in some places. The cumulative water level decline since 1920 has been 85 m. In 2005, it was estimated that land subsidence had reached 0.8 m. In order to get clean water, industrial wells have to be drilled to beyond 150 m. 10. Industrial groundwater abstraction in Bandung has also had a devastating effect on shallow wells on which numerous households depend. Most industrial and domestic effluent are not treated, and the infiltration of polluted water has caused a deterioration in the water quality of shallow wells, indicated by black an yellowish water color. 11. Correcting the groundwater mining problem, particular in Bandung, will necessitate finding alternative water supply sources for the large number of industries and households that currently depend on groundwater. Especially as pollution effects render shallow wells unsafe, replacement sources for water supply are expected to intensify. It is thought that improved management of the surface water resource will provide long term remedy. For groundwater levels to also recover, rehabilitation of the watershed recharge areas is necessary including measures using artificial recharge (e.g., recharge well systems). C. Erosion and Sedimentation 12. Watershed erosion is a serious problem in the upper river basin where hillsides are steep and the catchment denuded. Even on steep slopes, farmers cultivate non-perennial crops which do not provide adequate ground cover from the heavy monsoon rains. The soils, derived from volcanic tuff, are easily erodible and are prone to land slides. High peak flows have also increased the rate of river bank erosion. 13. Hydrologic flow regimes have been adversely changed by land degradation, notably the loss of adequate forest cover and the prevalence of hillside farming in the upper catchments. The degraded catchments have reduced capacity to capture rainwater, resulting in high peak flows during the rainy months which carry large amounts of eroded soil. At the entrance to Saguling Reservoir, the ratio of wet season high flows to dry season low flows has increased from 3.4 recorded in 1992 to 7.4 in 2003. As a result, landslides and mud flows are frequent during the rainy season. Figure 1 shows the extent of degraded areas in the basin (around 25% of the basin area). These areas have erosion rates in excess of 60 tons per ha per year. 14. Wet season floods carry large amounts of sediment into the three reservoirs, especially at Saguling. Here, the average annual sediment inflow was estimated at 8 million cubic meters (based on bathymetric surveys of the reservoir conducted by Indonesia Power, a state-owned company, in 2004). Relative to the Saguling reservoir’s catchment area, the sediment load is equivalent to an erosion rate of 3 mm per year, nearly times the original design rate. A similar alarming rate of watershed erosion is reported for the Cirata reservoir.

Figure 1. Degraded and Flood-prone Areas

Degraded/Eroded Areas Areas Prone to Flooding and Mud Flows

15. The three cascading reservoirs (Saguling, Cirata and Jatiluhur) were built to regulate flows, provide hydropower, and store/supply water for irrigation, industrial and domestic use. They also trap sediments. The rate at which sediments are being deposited in the reservoirs is rapidly reducing storage capacity and shortening their useful life. 16. In the lower Citarum basin, regulated discharges coming from the Jatiluhur reservoir combine with the flow from the Cikao River. The latter transports considerable quantities of sediment into the Curug diversion weir. Although much of the sediment is prevented from entering the canals (WTC, NTC and ETC), the large quantities of sediment are transported downstream by the Citarum River. The Cibeet River, which joins the Citarum River, adds a significant volume to the latter’s sediment load. This load is then deposited in the delta where it silts up the river outlet and exacerbates flooding.

17. Within the WTC, sediment is brought into the canal at the confluence with the Cibeet, Cikarang and Bekasi Rivers. Occuring mainly during the rainy season, the sediment load has silted up the canal bed and caused reduction in canal conveyance capacity. Whereas the source of sediment load in the upper basin is watershed denudation due to upland farming, the sediment load from the Cibeet and Bekasi Rivers come from land conversion to support urban development activities taking place in the catchment. D. Flooding and Water-Related Disasters 18. Flooding is a consequence mainly of changes in the river flow regime, in turn caused by changes in watershed conditions. Areas affected by flooding and related landslides and mudflows are shown in Figure 1. As water retention capacity of the river catchments is reduced by denudation and land conversion for urban development, flood peaks have increased. As mentioned above, the ratio of wet season peak flows to dry season low flows in the upper basin has increased from 3.4 in 1992 to 7.3 in 2003. The increased flood frequency and severity are also invariably associated with destructive landslides and mud flows. In the upper basin (Bandung area), recent severe flooding and mud flows occurred in February 2005 affected an area covering 2,000 ha. The flooding submerged parts of the area for 7 days and up to 2 meters deep; 50,000 inhabitants had to be evacuated.

19. Flooding around Bandung has become more frequent and severe. Here, however, there is no single cause. The problem is due to a combination of: (i) watershed denudation, (ii) effects of past re-alignment/straightening of the Citarum river (through cutoffs) which, while alleviating flooding upstream, increase peak flows downstream, (iii) localized land subsidence due to groundwater over-pumping that impair drainage, and (iv) clogging of drainage canals and streams by garbage. Flood-prone areas around Bandung are located in the south area of the city along the Citarum River (Dayeuh Kolot). 20. Currently, measures to reduce or mitigate flooding problems in the upper basin are being undertaken through the Upper Citarum Flood Control Project. Remediation measures include re-greening/reforestation and introduction of structural erosion control measures in the watershed, as well as improvement of the urban drainage system around Bandung. 21. At the lower basin (near Jakarta) where the Cikeas and Cileungsi Rivers join to become the Bekasi River, converging floodwater from the two tributaries have caused perennial flooding in Bekasi City. Already naturally prone to flooding due to the area’s location downstream of the confluence of two rivers, the flooding problem is expected to worsen as more of Bekasi’s upper catchment is subjected to land conversion for urban and industrial development. 22. Along the lower Citarum River levees/embankments built during the Dutch period help confine flooding within the river’s meander zone and provide protection to the surrounding settlements. However, areas of the floodway within the levees have been planted with crops and fruit trees that have the effect of retarding flow, contributing to high water levels. Also, a long term effect of the river embankments has been to raise the riverbed due to sediment accumulation, as levees prevent the spilling of sediments onto the surrounding plain. Consequently, floodwater levels inside the levees are frequently higher than the level of the surrounding land, putting surrounding settlements at risk in case of levee failure. 23. At the Citarum river mouth, the build-up of deposited sediments has created sand dunes that impede floodwater discharge. Combined with the effect of high tides, the constricted river outlet causes perennial inundation of the lower basin near the delta as floodwater is forced to back up into the alluvial plain. E. Water Pollution 24. The population within the program area is growing at more than 3% annually, attributed in part to influx of migrants attracted by the region’s rapid development. The combined effects of untreated domestic sewage, solid waste disposal and industrial effluents have significantly increased pollution loads in the Citarum river system. In the upper basin, river water polluted by domestic and industrial waste from Bandung flows into the Saguling reservoir. At the inlet to the reservoir, water quality monitoring in the late 1990s showed average annual BOD concentrations as high as 300 mg/l. Control measures reduced the BOD load to 200 mg/l by year 2000, and further reduced to 55 mg/l during subsequent years. However, as reported by Indonesia Power in 2004, BOD concentrations at the Saguling reservoir inlet still go up to as high as 130 mg/l during the dry season. In recent years, the BOD concentrations in the Cikapunding River (a major tributary of the Saguling River which flows through Bandung) were reported to reach as high as 100 mg/l. Figure 2 provides a profile of BOD levels in the Citarum River. 25. Runoff from hillside farms, in addition, bring in massive amounts of plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) that induce eutrophication in the reservoirs. At Saguling where the problem is most significant, nitrogen loading has been estimated at 33,350 tons per year, and for Phosphorus, 4,370 tons per year. Algal blooms and their subsequent decay have been

blamed for the regular occurrence of fish kills and considerable damage to the floating fish cage industry (although some fish kills have been attributed to other causes, e.g., virus/bacteria). In turn, the uncontrolled expansion of fish cage operations has added to the effects of polluted water coming into the reservoir. Improper or excessive fish feeding in the floating cages increases the waste load as unconsumed feed accumulates on the reservoir bed. When these organic deposits are disturbed and resuspended (e.g., at the start of the rainy season when increased inflows induce mixing in the reservoir and during temperature-induced inversion) oxygen demand becomes excessive. This is thought to be a key factor in causing perennial fish kills.

Figure 2. BOD Profile in Citarum River

26. Whereas pollution of the (upper basin) Saguling reservoir poses a serious threat to the viability of fishery activities and potential future use of the reservoir to supply water to Bandung, the pollution in the lower basin—particularly in the downstream portion of the West Tarum Canal—poses an equally urgent water quality problem. The WTC supplies 80% of Jakarta’s (surface) raw water supply, and hence is vital to the well-being of 8 million inhabitants. On its route to Jakarta, the WTC intersects the Bekasi River which drains an area rapidly being developed for residential and industrial use. At the Bekasi River’s confluence with the WTC, the average annual BOD concentration in 2004 was 48 mg/l (measured at the weir site). The pollution load in the Bekasi River is caused by untreated household sewage, industrial wastewater, and solid waste dumped along the river banks. 27. Lack of proper solid waste management contributes to both pollution and flooding. Garbage deposited along canals and riverbanks contribute to the high BOD. They also clog drains and accumulate on riverbeds reducing discharge capacity. According to the PD Kebersihan of Bandung City, average daily solid waste generation is 6,500 m3/day, of which an estimated 1,500 m3/day is not collected and properly disposed. Thus the annual uncollected garbage that invariably end up accumulating in the drainage system and rivers amounts to 500,000 m3. According to the Saguling Dam office, the estimate inflow of solid waste into the reservoir is 250,000 m3 per year. 28. Along the West Tarum Canal, reduction in conveyance capacity is due both to sediment deposits and the prolific growth of aquatic plants (which create friction in water flow). Apart from contributing to the bottom detritus, aquatic plants trap silt and accelerate canal shallowing. Plant growth is promoted by the use of the canal as toilet and bathing/washing area for residents, which adds substantial quantities of plant nutrients in the water. 29. Residential and commercial establishments along the canal are dense particularly downstream of the waterway from Cikarang and Bekasi to Jakarta. There is open access to the

canal (only the Jakarta portion is fenced). Where the canal width has narrowed and more land has been exposed on the water side of the road embankment, food stalls, scavenging shops, and other small-scale commercial establishments have sprouted. Wastewater and garbage from these establishments are disposed of directly into the canal. 30. Annex B provides a detailed assessment of the existing water quality monitoring system in the basin and the pollution loads. F. Threats to Ecology 31. Ecosystem transformation is usually divided into these five phases: an initially pristine area is perforated by patches of disturbance (forest clearing, farming, settlement), then dissected by roads as areas become more urbanized, then fragmentation into patches of remaining natural ecosystems, followed by shrinkage of these remaining patches and their gradual disappearance by attrition. West Java and the Citarum basin may be characterized as having reached the fragmentation stage and, in the more vulnerable areas, shrinkage of its remaining natural ecosystem patches—notably forests--is a continuing trend. Radical land use changes over the last 150 years have left only scattered remnants of natural forest ecosystems. All low-lying protected areas are currently being further degraded by human activities. Forested areas and areas with endangered flora and fauna, including important bird areas, are shown in Figure 3. A summary of the basin’s biodiversity is presented in Annex C.

Figure 3. Remaining Forest and Areas of Endangered Biodiversity

32. Two national parks are located in the upper catchment of the Citarum River: Gunung Gede Pangrango (15,000 ha), and Gunung Halimum (40,000 ha). Both are classified as Category II –managed for ecosystem protection and recreation -- under IUCN’s protected area management classification system. Gunung Halimum has one of the most extensive area of evergreen torpical rainforest remaining in the island of Java. Gunung Gede Pangrango national park is primarily covered with sub-montane and montane forests that exemplify the primary rainforests of Indonesia. It forms the core of the Cibodas biosphere reserve. Gunung Gede is the source of numerous streams and rivers that drain into Jakarta Bay and Java Sea, including the Citarum River. The rivers flowing from the park provide water worth an estimated $1.5 billion annually for domestic and agricultural uses.

33. The WWF has underscored the international biodiversity importance of Java’s remaining sub-alpine and montane forests as these are among the most ecologically intact areas of forest remaining in Java. Further, these areas contain both a number of endemic species and many lowland species found in lower montane zones. For this reason, all the mountainous protected areas in the Citarum river basin are of a high priority for conservation actions. As such, all extensive remaining patches of natural vegetation in the Citarum basin, even if secondary growth, are of the highest conservation significance. 34. Streams in the upper catchment areas in the Citarum River Basin, particularly in the area of Gunung Wayang, are relatively unpolluted and retain a moderately diverse macro benthic fauna. However, pollution in these areas is also occurring as a consequence of cattle excrement and soil erosion. The mid stream areas are heavily polluted by factory effluent which dramatically lowers macro benthic faunal diversity, which also effects water quality further down stream. 35. A wealth of biodiversity also exists in village gardens that are found extensively throughout the basin. These places retain important relict populations of a lowland biota that has all but disappeared from many areas in Java. Soemarwoto and Conway (1992) studied village gardens in the Citarum river basin at various altitudes from sea level to 3,000 m, including near the Saguling and Cirata dams. They reported the biological richness of village gardens. Village gardens are also a good habitat for small wild animals such as birds, reptiles, and amphibians. G. Weak Policies and Institutions 36. Without intending to oversimplify the complexity of the problems related to policies and institutions for managing the basin, the main problems may be summarized as follows. Although PJT II is mandated to manage the whole Citarum river basin, its actual scope of management is limited to “in-stream” river management and raw water supply (up to the secondary canal level). However, many of the basin’s management problems are “off-stream” in nature (e.g., watershed degradation, urban and industrial pollution). The latter are the purview mainly of the local governments (district level) or central government entities (e.g., the Forest Department) over which PJT II has no control (besides coordination) 37. Apart from its primarily in-stream management functions (i.e., maintenance of hydraulic facilities and dredging of canals), PJT II is only a recommendatory body on water allocation and water quality management matters. On the other hand, the existing basin management council (PPTPA, which in turn is a recommendatory body to the Provincial Governors of West Java and Jakarta) is dominated by the public sector (national and local government entities) and do not represent the true variety of sectors with important stakes in basin management (industries, communities, NGOs). This is expected to be corrected with the implementation of Law 7/2004 which mandates creation of more representative national and basin-wide water resources management bodies. A more inclusive basin management council for Citarum is to be created on the basis of Law 7/2004. 38. PJT II’s management weaknesses ultimately boil down to inadequate resources with which to perform its in-stream management and water quality monitoring functions, let alone initiate or contribute to off-stream activities such as reforestation or pollution control. PJT II is authorized to charge water for hydropower generation (by PLN) and raw water supplies for drinking and industrial use (at the WTC, for example). However, water rates are believed to be well below the economic value (scarcity/opportunity cost) of the water provided, and, more fundamentally, not enough to even cover basic costs of infrastructure maintenance. Raw water fees reportedly recover only 40% of actual O&M expenditures. Water for irrigation, on the other hand, is not charged.

39. Proper water pricing as a (demand) management concept has been around in the Citarum basin since about ten years ago. For instance, the Jatiluhur WRMP study of 1998 provided specific recommendations on water supply pricing. However, the implementation obstacles appear to be driven—not so much by a lack of appreciation for the concept on the part of DPU and the Finance Ministry—but by a still widely-held public notion of water as a “God-given” free resource. Hence the understandable reluctance of the government to apply it. Public support for water pricing first needs to be raised, and this will require innovative approaches in public information and stakeholder involvement (e.g., in the river basin council). 40. Pricing of pollution (based on the “polluters-pay-principle, for example as applied to BOD loads) is also a familiar management concept. However, it has not been applied in the Citarum basin, and its introduction will require dialogue with the (influential) industry sectors that could be expected to challenge it. Arbitrarily setting the charge will be resisted. Some form of decision support system—essentially a water quality model to examine effects of effluent reductions on meeting agreed-on water quality targets—may be necessary to provide “scientific” basis for a pollution charge system that is acceptable to industry. 41. Water pricing, whether for raw water or use of the water as sink for pollutants, is bound to be debated not just on economic grounds but also with regard to equity and fairness considerations. Industrial polluters are bound to question why they should be required to pay for pollution even though an even larger share of the problem is coming from households (e.g., households are estimated to account for 60 % of the BOD load in Bandung). In the case of raw water, Jakarta users are likely to challenge why they have to pay increased raw water charges (currently set at Rp117 per cubic meter) even though farmers are getting irrigation water from the same source for free. This is where a more inclusive basin management council will need to play a vital conflict resolution role. For future stakeholder debates to be informed, an effective information system (linked to a decision-support system) is necessary. 42. While the PROKASIH-PROPER (Clean Rivers Program) showed big promise as an innovative cooperation-based approach to industrial pollution control during its introduction in the late 1980s, it apparently has not been sustained in the basin (and throughout the country following the change of government in 1998). In Bandung where there are at least 500 large factories (mostly textile) discharging large quantities of water pollutants, only 100 are participating in the program (according to BPLHD-West Java). Large industries facing pollution sanctions often slip through by arguing that sanctions (e.g., closure) would affect the livelihood of vast numbers of people. Regulatory enforcement needs to be combined with public education and support in order to be effective.



ATTACHMENT 2: Consolidated Social and Environmental Safeguards Plan

1. Resettlement

Resettlement Plan (new or updated) Issues Sub-component

Requires resettlement? Completed? Submitted? Approved? Description Proposed actions

1.1 No n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

2.1 Yes (update)

No No No Disposal of dredged materials a long WTC is an environmental issue, but also a potential resettlement issue at the spoil disposal sites.

As the draft RP was completed in 2008, considerable change has now occurred along various parts of the corridor, so the RP needs to be updated.

The recruitment of the NGO for Resettlement Up date will be completed by July 2011. Short-listed NGOs are: Equator, LP3ES and Carson.

Three AHs Bekasi Siphon

Relocation Plan

Yes Yes Yes Civil working zones (CWZ) clearances for Bekasi Siphon Stages 1 and 2 were issued by ADB on 15 July 2010 since no AHs present in both zones, while three AHs (before identified as two AHs) recorded in CWZ 3. As proposed by BBWSC during the Special Administrative Mission during 2-9 August 2010, the three AHs will relocate to a nearby location, as agreed with the affected persons, who are still to be included in the RP updating.

The Relocation Plan has been submitted on June 15, 2011, because of 3 AHs have been moved before the Relocation Plan approved, BBWSC should revised the document CWZ3 before issue


Resettlement Plan (new or updated) Issues Sub-component

Requires resettlement? Completed? Submitted? Approved? Description Proposed actions

2.3 The Ministry of Health PIU will implement social and environmental safeguard principles with regard to land donation for sanitation facilities, and design and construction guidelines for communal septic tanks (Manual Pengamanan Lingkungan dan Sosial Sub-Komponen 2.3).

TOR, proposals and safeguard monitoring tools will be prepared. Visits by the SC 8.1 Social and Environmental Safeguards Specialist will be made to PIUs and sites to monitor voluntary contribution of land under the Ministry of Health sub-component,

2.6 Not yet known, but probably

n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

8.1 No n/a n/a n/a While no resettlement is required under this component, it has been agreed that the External Monitoring Agency for WTC Resettlement Plan updating and implementation will be engaged under the Egis International contract. A provisional sum for this has been included in Contract Addendum 1, which at the end of June 2011 had been sent to ADB for approval prior to signing. Accordingly, the EMA cannot be procured until the contract addendum is signed.

The procurement process has already been commenced by Egis International. Three candidate organisations have been identified. The evaluation and selection process is expected to take until the end of July. However, no contract can be signed until Contract Addendum 1 has been signed by the PCMU.


2. Environmental Safeguards

Environmental safeguards (AMDAL or other) Issues Sub-component

Requires environmentl safeguards? Completed? Submitted? Approved? Description Proposed actions


2.1 Yes (AMDAL)

No No No Adverse impacts are due mainly to construction works and spoil disposal; no new adverse impacts are expected from continued operation of the rehabilitated canal. The AMDAL is no on the critical path for the construction works due to commence in June 2012. As the approval process takes at least six months, work needs to start on the AMDAL as soon as possible.

In order to supervise AMDAL activities for the WTC Rehabilitation, the environmental specialist has been mobilized on May 2011 under the WTC DED consulting services contract. The consultant has prepared the TOR for the AMDAL preparation, and these will be submitted to ADB for approval. The AMDAL subcontractor is expected to mobilize on October 2011, and the AMDAL documentation is expected to be completed by June 2012 for approval by related authorities.

UKL/UPL (Siphon Bekasi)

Yes Yes Yes Implementation of the environmental safeguards is in progress.

2.2 No n/a n/a n/a The environmental impacts are somewhat uncertain (depending on intensity of future chemical pesticide use); adverse impacts related to pesticide use can be mitigated.

Measures to combine SRI with integrated pest management in order to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides combined with plant-based pesticides

2.3 No n/a n/a n/a Environmental impacts are minimal, localized and can be mitigated. It is expected that no formal environmental clearance will be required.

The project implementation will identify localized impacts related to construction of communal septic tanks; the provision of community water supply also serves to mitigate community water supply disruption due to WTC rehabilitation, that is, for residents that draw water from the canal.

2.6 Not yet known n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a



3. Gender

Gender Action Plan Issues Sub-component

Requires gender

actions? Completed? Submitted? Approved? Description Proposed actions

1.1 Yes No No No A Gender Action Plan was prepared under TA 7189-INO and subsequently revised in IRM. Specific items pertaining to this subcomponent need to be identified and made specific.

A gender focal point that will be responsible for screening of subproject from gender responsiveness perspective and gender disaggregated reporting will established within the RCMU.

At least a proportional number of female government staff and consultants will be involved in the Project.

Both female and make staff will be given equal opportunity to participate in non gender related training and capacity development programs.

Sex-disaggregated indicators will be established for project performance monitoring and evaluation system and progress reports will include gender-related achievements based on sex-disaggregated data collected.

Participation of women at all levels will be promoted in the roadmap consultation with stakeholders. The extent of participation of women will be monitored and incorporated in the Project progress reports.


Affected women will be fully informed about the Project, its expected impact and their entitlement during the implementation of resettlement plan.

Special attention will be given to women in severely affected households and women headed households by the Project involuntary resettlement.

Resettlement planning and monitoring documents will include sex disaggregate data.


Training to women will be encouraged so that at least 30% of trainee will be women. The extent of participation of women will be monitored and incorporated in the Project progress reports.

Involvement of women should be done at each pilot site for the SRI introduction.


Women will be fully informed about the Project, beneficiaries’ expected contribution in particular. Women will be consulted before deciding on the location and design of water and sanitation facilities.

Training programs, particularly operation and maintenance will be provided to women. Hygiene awareness raising training will be provided to both men and women.

Female community facilitators will be hired to enable better relations with women. Gender-sensitization training will be provided for both male and female community facilitators.

Appropriate clause promoting the hiring of women and equal pay for men and women for work of equal value.

2.6 Not yet known n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

8.1 Yes n/a n/a n/a While there are no specific gender issues for this subcomponent, it consultants play a general oversight and reporting role for gender-related activities.

The subcomponent team will carry out its general oversight and reporting role for gender-related activities.

8.2 Yes n/a n/a n/a The M&E subcomponent will need to incorporate appropriate gender-related indicators into the overall Roadmap performance monitoring system.

Monitoring is not only performed on the number and men and women involved in each project phase, but also on the “benefits” and “impact”, particularly women, receive as result of project presence.



ATTACHMENT 3: Recommendations for Gender Safeguards Implementation [prepared under TA7189-INO bridging]

1

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Sub Component 1.1 Roadmap Management Coordination among Roadmap Component projects 1. Prepare stakeholder mapping including Government

agencies, CSO’s and private sector at national, provincial and district levels.

• Ensure in CSO mapping include ISA (Initial

Social Assessment) on Gender

Reporting and Performance Monitoring System 1. Gender Monitoring Frame Work has been include in the

Project Performance Monitoring System. 2. Sex-disaggregated indicators will be established for

Project Performance Monitoring and Evaluation System. 3. Progress Report will include gender-related achievements

based on gender disaggregated data collected. 4. RCMU data base Management Information System (MIS)

will include gender issues. 5. Gender Monitoring data, indicator and activities impact or

issues in ICWRMIP will be monitored and incorporated in the Project Progress Reports.

• Project Performance Monitoring System

include gender perspective indicator • Gender Monitoring Frame Work

• Gender disaggregated data • Gender disaggregated benefit and impact

indicator

Training and Capacity Building 1. Both female and make staff be given equal opportunity to

participate in gender related training and capacity development programs.

2. Review the training plan (recruitment, selection and access to training opportunities) to ensure that there are no barrier to women in each level who involve in training and capacity building plan (including on community level)

3. Compulsory gender-sensitization training will be carried out for all levels of staff to be involved in the project.

4. Strengthened capacity and systems to collect and analysed gender disaggregated data.

• xx % women involve in the training or

workshop • women empowerment increase xx %

• Ensure training monitoring performance

indicator raise gender indicator

• xx staff has received training on Gender Awareness (for level of Regulator, Implementation and Community)

• Gender disaggregated benefit and impact indicators

CDD and Mechanism Plan 1. Ensure the strategy of Community Driven Development

promoting gender equal, including the strategy to increase women participation.

• Clear strategy to increase women

participation and promoting gender equal in community empowering and mechanism plan

Corporate Social and Responsibility (CSR)

• xx % women involve and support CSR

opportunities

• xx % women receiving CSR benefit •

Media Information, Dissemination and Communication 1. ICWRMIP website will cover gender information

• At least xx times a year, progress report on

gender/women issues will be progressing in ICWRMIP website

Other Media Dissemination and Communication 1. Women promotion campaign in project awareness 2. Participant in project awareness promotion campaign will

be a gender-based

• xx % in media campaign and dissemination

include women issues in beneficiaries and impact of project

2

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Sub Component 8.1 Program Management

1. Coordination and planning among project sub

components. 2. Involve in men and women each activity among project

sub component.

• At least xx % in each sub component

activities arising gender issue and progress base on disaggregated data

\Monitoring and Evaluation the Projects (Project 1) Performance, including financial management (PCMU)

1. Prepare and maintain a Project Performance Monitoring

and Evaluation System mechanism for the component projects, including financial management (PPMES).

• Monitoring and Evaluation System will cover

Gender Monitoring data base on disaggregated benefit indicator

Social and Environment Safeguards Oversight (MoPW) 1. Monitor social and environment implementation related to

approve safeguard frame works.

• At least the monitored resettlement data

covering the beneficiary and impact for women

Establishing RPMS for the overall roadmap investments 1. Ensure monitoring and evaluation performance

benchmark and indicators.

• Ensure that targeted benchmark covering

women empowerment increased by xx %

Sub Component 2.1 Rehabilitation of The West Tarum Canal

1. Ensure that women involve in socialization in start up project. Affected women will be fully informed about the project.

• At least xx women involve in socialization in

start up project

Construction and Rehabilitation Phase 1. Appropriate clause is promoting the hiring of women and

equal pay for men & women for working in an equal value. 2. Ensure that activities encourage women as a part of water

activities process management (system level operation distribution planning with water users, water delivery scheduling and M&E, water quality M&E) and updating the existing WTC water quality model (PJT II).

3. Ensure that women involve in training and workshop during this phase.

4. Capacity building of PJT II for improved management and operation of WTC

• At least xx % women involve as a workers

during construction • xx % women have equal access to

managing the water

• xx % women have major priority in water user and M&E planning

• xx % training participants are women • xx % women involve in workshop

• xx % women involve in capacity building

management

Data and Information Management 1. Surveys and data collection works 2. Provide On-the-Job Training (OJT) and support for

geographic database maintenance and development with integration of spatial planning data

3. O & M provision during trail and training provision of guidelines for O & M and handover.

4. Resettlement Planning and Monitoring Documents

• At least xx % data collection result

presented women issues • xx % women involve in GIS training • xx % women involve and concern in the

relevant secession • At least monitored resettlement will cover

beneficiaries and impact of women

Community Empowerment 1. Maintain and incorporate women participation/issue to

coordination and support the existing local government community empowerment program.

• At least xx % local government has been

trained on gender awareness • xx % women empowerment increase xx %

3

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Sub Component 2.6 Detailed Engineering Design for Upgrading of Bandung Water Resources Safeguards Implementation 1. Prepare AMDAL for the main works. 2. Environmental Management Plan Implementation 3. Support for the Resettlement Plan Implementation

• Ensure that the implementation of

Resettlement and AMDAL raise expected impact for women

Community Empowerment 1. Coordination and support on existing local government

community empowerment program

• Ensure the existing program to local government raise and strengthen the community empowerment on gender-based perspective

Sub Component 2.2 Improved Land and Water Management (SRI) Consultant Procurement

• Ensure Consultant recruiting will be both of

women and men

Identification and Appraisal of Target Areas 1. Identification of target farmer groups 2. Coordination with Agriculture agencies in Provincial and

District level. 3. Establish criteria for selection of water management sites.

• At least women farmer will be include in

target identification • At least 30 % women involve on PRA

process

Participatory Rural Appraisal for Three Districts 1. Survey on Main Canal and drainage system works. 2. Review ongoing agriculture extension support programs. 3. Collect and analyze data about rural participation from

Provincial and District Agencies

• At least 30 % women will be involved in

PRA implementation

Community Empowerment 1. Engagement with Water Users Associations (WUAs). 2. Assessment of WUAs capacity to improve water

management. 3. WUAs agreements for equipment and livestock

management. 4. Training for WUAs M&E

• Affected women will be fully informed about

the project

• At least xx % women has been trained in WUAs M&E

Provision of Training of Trainers for Services Staff and Key Facilitators 1. Review the training TOR (training material recruitment

process, participant selection). 2. Ensure access to training opportunities that there are no

barriers to women in involve to training.

• Gender-concerned will be checked • xx % training participants are women

Training for Farmers (Farmer Empowerment) 1. Selection of participants of training involves women

farmers to attend. 2. Material of training raising gender/women issue.

• At least xx % women farmer involve in the

training • Capacity building on women farmer

increase xx % •

4

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Comparative Studies 1. Ensure that women representative will be attended to

comparative studies. 2. Incorporate specific reference to gender issues within

comparative studies.

• xx % women involved in comparative

studies

Provision of Workshop at District and Provincial Level

• xx % women involve in workshop of district

and provincial level

Progressive Implementation of System Rice Intensification (SRI) within Pilot Plot

• Ensure that women involve and fully

informed on main activities

Associated Activities Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Program 1. Ensure that gender/women activities will be monitored

and incorporated in the project M&E reports. 2. Ensure that gender issue and women impact will be

monitored in water management M&E lead by University and local schools.

• At least xx % women has been trained in

M&E • Raising women impact and benefit in water

management in the report.

Sub Component 2.3 Support for Community and CSO Driven Initiatives for Water Supply and Sanitation Improvement Community Empowerment and Local Institutional Development 1. Implementation of CDD processes at community level. 2. Review existing documentation from current WSS

projects. 3. Develop supporting policies, guidelines and manuals for

the community process. 4. Identification and selection of CSOs. 5. On-going coaching for community facilitator.

• At least that WSS Project, supporting policy, guideline and manuals for community participation mention on gender

• At least gender issue corporate in CSO selection

• xx % community facilitator are women • Capacity building for women increase by

xx %

Deployment of Mechanisms and Capacities of Provincial, District and Sub-district Institutions for Quality Program Management 1. Develop guideline and manual for administration

complies, capacity building plan, institutional and program arrangement, M&E, Technical O&M, Institutional, and financial. − Ensure that gender cancers are addressed in relevant

session 2. TOT for Facilitator, ensuring that gender awareness

session will be include in TOT material. 3. Identification selection of community facilitator

− Ensure women issues include in identification and selection of community facilitators

4. Support CDD Implementation Process − Ensure that women will have major role to support the

implementation of CDD process

• At least project consider to training women

in administration complies, program arrangement M&E, O&M and financial system

• Material of TOT mention gender awareness • xx % participants are women • At least xx % total women will be hired as

community facilitator • xx % women involve in each step of CDD

process

5

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Training Community Facilitators for Water Engineering, Hygiene & Sanitation, and Community Development/Social 1. Ensure that women will be encourage to involve in to

training for community facilitators 2. Provide Training for Community Group

− Women will have equal access to training for community

− The women participant will be monitored and incorporated in the project progress reports for community group

3. Prepare annual program of workshops, training including regular training and coaching for community facilitators − Gender-sensitization training will be provided for both

male and female community facilitators − Women group in community level will be encouraged

so that at least 30% of trainee are women

• xx % women community facilitator get

training on that issues

• At least xx % targeted trained for community group are women

• At least xx % community facilitator get

training and coaching are women • Women empowerment increase as xx %

Incorporate the Preference of Gender/Women Issue and Capacity Building 1. Carry out annual institutional assessments using MPA :

performance assessment of district agencies and policy environment assessment.

2. Develop a knowledge management plan in the first 6.0 months. This would include developing an integrated approach for M&E capacity building using a range of training.

3. Provide training of trainer programs to strengthen the capacity of local CSOs and firms.

4. Ensure that gender concerns are addressed in the relevant session trough. Development of mechanism and capacity of provincial and district agency to scale-up and mainstream community driven WSS.

5. Financing arrangements and legislation in relation to WSS to identify changes to gather into more effective frame work for other districts scaling up and replication.

6. Conduct institutional capacity building plan of provincial and district and development the delivery mechanisms.

7. Conduct review to identify and strengthen linkages with other local development strategies for poverty reduction, village development resources and program.

8. Develop provincial action plans and supporting materials to enhance civil society participation in local government planning and service delivery for WSS, including IEC on local economic and social benefits of WSS, multi-stakeholder forums, etc.

9. Identify and provide training of local trainers to provide accredited community facilitator training to meet anticipated increased demand and to market their services to local government.

• Total participant of women involve in

assessment using MPA-PHAS

• At least xx % of women follows that process • At least xx % CSO (women) get capacity

building program • xx % women involve in scaling up and

mainstreaming process • Review in monthly report that women’s

actives increase xx% • At least scaling up and replication process

concern in gender perspective

• xx % institutional capacity building plan

raising gender issue • At least women are subproject goals focus

on poverty reduction, village development and gender equate

• At least gender equity will be raised in

subcomponent goals • At least xx % of total targeted women are

getting training

Improving Hygiene & Sanitation Behaviour and Service Sanitation Program based on the Community Let Total Sanitation (CLTS) method 1. Review Manual of total sanitation campaign for District

and Sub-District team, advocacy for Province/District, stakeholders and provide TOT for Provincial/District Team.

2. Provision of provincial workshops. 3. Conduct supervision and Technical Assistance (TA) 4. Provide advocacy/orientation with decision makers and

opinion makers to explain approach and obtain support for CLTS principles.

5. Review specific sanitation options on each province. 6. Provide training for Sub-District/Village Team and social

intermediaries.

• Women will be fully informed on the project and expect their contribution

• At least the manual will be provided to men and women

• Women involve in the workshop and training • xx % supervision member are women • xx % women issue raise in supervision and

TA

6

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

7. Implement village facilitation process regarding the

gender sensitive awareness rising in local languages and conduct close consultation with beneficiaries.

8. Monitoring and evaluation of village implementation.

• xx % women are in the process • xx % women involve to choose specific

sanitation option • xx % sub-district/village team are women • xx % women involved in project

implementation • xx % women get M&E training and involve

in the implementation

Sanitation & Hygiene Marketing Program Review Guidelines and Prototypal Design for Provincial Market/Consumer/Supplier Studies 1. Implement provincial sanitation and hygiene demand-

generation campaigns. 2. Provide TA for the implementation of sanitation and

hygiene marketing in provinces and districts level. 3. Provide advocacy/orientation with decision and opinion

makers to explain approach to the community and obtain support for marketing approach.

4. Study local sanitation market, consumers and supplier for identifying messages and communication methods/media for segmented.

• xx % women involve in Sanitation & Hygiene Marketing Program

• Significant progress of gender equality in

PIU MoH execution • xx % women have equal access to the

program • Gender awareness issue during TA

provision • xx % women have major role on marketing

approach support • xx % targeted women issue on local

sanitation market

School Hygiene and Sanitation Program 1. Implementation of provincial and district Workshops on

school hygiene and sanitation.

• xx % women involve in the district workshop

Training for Teacher and Student 1. Provide District Workshops for inserting curriculum. 2. Provide awareness campaign for school communities

(children, teachers, parents). 3. Review design for Monitoring Impact of Sanitation and

Hygiene Intervention. 4. Provide training for District staffs responsible for

Environmental Health and Hygiene promotion in implementing performance and impact monitoring.

• xx % women and children involve in all activities

• At least the curriculum mention xx % women issue

• Sanitation awareness improve as xx % • Behaviour change improve xx % • Gender equity M&E base on disaggregate

data • At least xx % women get training

Disease Handling at Program Locations 1. Implement annual two-week surveillance for water borne

diseases (diarrhea, etc) at selected program/non program locations

• xx % women suffer water borne diseases

7

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Water Supply and Peri-Urban Institutional sanitation Infrastructure 1. Planning TA support (Rapid Technical Assessment

(RTA)) and Community WSS situation analysis (MPA-PHAST) to determine water demand and system.

2. Develop Village Action Plans (including commitment for kind participation).

3. Water quality monitoring to increase awareness of the community on the impact of water supply saving and good practice for storage.

• xx % women involve in RTA and MPA-

PHAS process

• All women involve on Village Action Plan development

• Community awareness on water supply

saving impact increase as xx %

Implementation Support and Project Management 1. Baseline and impact evaluation study for all districts

(social, health, institutional). 2. Implementation of Monitoring & Evaluation Project

• Women involved in all activities increase xx

%

• Women empowerment increased by xx %

Sub Component 4.1 Development and Implementation of Basin River Quality Improvement Strategy and

Action Plan (Environmental Protect) Major Activities 1. Involving women in socialization in start up project. 2. Ensuring subproject implementation taking part men and

women in all project activities. 3. Identifying information gaps related to women issue in

environmental sector and encouraging women participation base on local approach.

4. Developing gender monitoring system base on the disaggregate benefit indicator.

• Project implementation indicator and M&E

• Water Quality Monitoring and data

Management

Basin-Wide River Quality Improvement Strategy Preparation 1. Stakeholder Forums Establishment

• At least xx % women involve in socialization at start up project

• At least xx % women involve and active in stakeholder forum

Water Quality Monitoring and Data Management Improvement 1. Implementation of water quality information system for

Citarum Basin Water management on job training Design and develop a basin-wide information campaign for raising public awareness of water quality management issues

• Incorporated gender category in water quality monitoring and data management

• Ensure on the job training will be prepared for women and men

• At least Information campaign for raising public awareness will be provided to both men and women

2. Implementation of water quality management campaign • Ensure targeted for women and men raising awareness at least xx %

Strengthening of Organizational Capacity Coordination among agencies for water quality management Design and implement a training program on the various guidelines for district environment protection agencies

• Ensure women will have equal access to training program on the various guidelines for district environmental protection agencies

•

8

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

Preparation and Implementation of Area-Based Pollution Sources Management Action Plans 1. Identify activities suitable for CSR

• xx % women will have equal access to identify suitable activities for CSR.

• xx % women positive impact to increasing women economy life

• 2. Identify Large scale Bio-gas Plant Projects for GOI • xx % women will have equal access to

identify lafge scale Biogas Plant. 3. Develop Bio-gas plan/installation in CRB • xx % women will have equal access to

develop Biogas Plan 4. Implement garbage management by 3-R • xx % women involve to socialization for 3 R

Program • xx % women participate in 3 R program in

House Hold Scale 5. Concept (reduce-reuse-recycle), composting, garbage

cut-off, provide garbage container and garbage dump in Selective Locations

• xx % women involve to composting Program In House Hold Scale

6. Develop Communal septic tank and WC Communal at upper site CRB − Ensure women receiving clear information about

benefit and impact of Septic tank and WC Communal

• xx % women involve to socialization in start

up project Septic Tank and WC Communal

7. Roll out an awareness campaign for rehabilitation/reforestation of the CRB critical land

• xx % of women raising awareness about the issue

8. Develop pilot Garbage Trapping at upper site CRB • xx % women involve in to Pilot Garbage activities

9. Awareness campaign for Rehabilitasi/Penghijauan di Daerah Tangkapan Air (Catchment Area) dan lahan kritis DAS Citarum

• Targeted for women and men to raising awareness and involve to that activities at least xx %

Knowledge Dissemination

• At least xx % women involve to socialization

in start up Project and raising expected impact and benefit for women

1. Schools information program

Raising awareness to women student to increasing their knowledge and awareness about environment issue

• At least xx % target children schools receive

information and raising awareness 2. CSR information dissemination • At least CSR information dissemination

program for raising public awareness will be provided to both men and women

3. CSO awareness and knowledge building • xx % women will have equal access receiving awareness trough that program

4. National Training and Participatory Workshops • xx % women involve to National Training and participatory Workshop

5. R&D knowledge products dissemination within the basin • xx % women will have equal access to receiving R&D knowledge product dissemination within the basin

Monitoring and Evaluation

• At least project consider to training women

in M&E • Project Performance monitoring System

include Gender perspective indicator •

Sub Component 8.2 Independent Monitoring Major Activities 1. Ensure Monitoring and Evaluation performance

benchmark and indicator Ensure Training for RCMU staff include Gender Awareness

2. Ensure Training for RCMU staff include Gender Awareness

3. Develop a Fed back mechanism in witch both male and female beneficiaries have a voice

4. Providing training to RCMU staff and socialize it with related agencies

5. Monitor the Road map social, environmental, and

• Project log frame and suggested monitoring

system specify sex-disaggregated performance and impact indicator

• Project consider to Training women Gender

Awareness training • Evaluation reports contain a section

synthesizing information on gender for all domains.

9

ACTIVITIES

INDICATOR

economic impacts, including the establishment of benchmark using existing government information and data systems

6. Collect existing government information and data systems social, environmental, and economic impacts.

7. Establish social, environmental, and economic Impact benchmarks

8. Standardize benchmarking indicators and socialization to PIU

• Ensure Incorporate impacts on gender in

data information • Ensure impacts indicator will be raising and

conciseness women issue in social, environmental, and economist

• Ensure ICWRMIP benchmarking indicator

consistent target

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